System and method for generating electric power with a fuel cell array, control unit and dynamic electrical load
Electric power is produced in a fuel cell array based on chemical fuel provided from a fuel source. The electric power is held available via an output terminal. A sensor cell registers a sensor signal reflecting a degree of consumption of chemical fuel in the fuel cell array relative to an amount of chemical fuel received in the fuel cell array. The production of electric power in the fuel cell array is monitored by measuring at least one voltage in the fuel cell array. A fraction of the electric power produced by the fuel cell array is controlled to be fed into a dynamic electric load connected to the output terminal. The fraction fed into the dynamic electric load is controlled in response to the sensor signal such that a difference is minimized between the amount of chemical fuel received in the fuel cell array and an amount of chemical fuel consumed in the fuel cell array when producing the electric power.
1. A system for generating electric power, the system comprising:
a fuel source configured to provide chemical fuel,
a fuel cell array configured to receive the chemical fuel from the fuel source and based thereon produce electric power being held available to a load outside the system via an output terminal,
a sensor cell positioned at a last fuel cell array and configured to register a sensor signal reflecting a degree of consumption of chemical fuel in the fuel cell array relative to an amount of chemical fuel received in the fuel cell array,
a control unit configured to monitor the production of electric power in the fuel cell array by measuring at least one voltage in the fuel cell array, and
a dynamic electric load that is connected to the output terminal and arranged to receive a fraction of the electric power produced by the fuel cell array, wherein
the control unit is further configured to:
receive the sensor signal from the sensor cell, and
in response to the sensor signal, provide a control signal to the dynamic electric load to control the fraction of the electric power produced by the fuel cell array to be fed into the dynamic electric load, and
the fraction of the electric power fed into the dynamic electric load is controlled to minimize a difference between the amount of chemical fuel received in the fuel cell array and an amount of chemical fuel consumed in the fuel cell array when producing the electric power.
2. The system according to claim 1 , comprising a controllable valve which is arranged to influence the amount of chemical fuel received in the fuel cell array, and
the control unit is configured to control the controllable valve in response to the sensor signal.
3. The system according to claim 2 , wherein the fuel source comprises a fuel tank and a chemical reactor, the fuel tank being configured to hold at least one source substance for a chemical reaction through which the chemical reactor is configured to produce the chemical fuel, the controllable valve being arranged in a passage way for the at least one source substance between the fuel tank and the chemical reactor.
4. The system according to claim 3 , comprising a pressure sensor arranged to produce a pressure signal reflecting a pressure level in the chemical reactor, and
the control unit is configured to control the controllable valve in further response to the pressure signal.
5. The system according to claim 3 , comprising a temperature sensor arranged to produce a temperature signal reflecting a temperature in the chemical reactor, and
the control unit is configured to control the controllable valve in further response to the temperature signal.
6. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the dynamic electric load comprises at least one of a chargeable battery and a supercapacitor.
7. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one voltage measured by the control unit comprises:
a respective individual voltage over each fuel cell of a number of fuel cells in the fuel cell array, and the control unit is configured to decrease the fraction fed into the dynamic electric load if at least one of said respective individual voltages is below a first threshold voltage.
8. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one voltage measured by the control unit comprises:
an output voltage at the output terminal, and the control unit is configured to decrease the fraction fed into the dynamic electric load if the output voltage is below a second threshold voltage.
9. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the control unit is configured to control the fraction of the electric power fed into the dynamic electric load by varying a magnitude of a current flowing into the dynamic electric load.
10. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the control unit comprises a switched-mode DC-to-DC converter in which at least one of a switching frequency and a duty cycle is controllable by a voltage represented by the sensor signal from the sensor cell.
11. A method of generating electric power with a system, the method comprising:
providing chemical fuel from a fuel source to a fuel cell array,
producing electric power in the fuel cell array based on the chemical fuel, the electric power being held available to a load outside the system via an output terminal,
registering, via a sensor cell positioned at a last fuel cell in the fuel cell array, a sensor signal reflecting a degree of consumption of chemical fuel in the fuel cell array relative to an amount of chemical fuel received in the fuel cell array, and
monitoring, by a control unit, the production of electric power in the fuel cell array by measuring at least one voltage in the fuel cell array, wherein
a dynamic electric load is connected to the output terminal and arranged to receive a fraction of the electric power produced by the fuel cell array, and
the method further comprises:
receiving the sensor signal from the sensor cell, and in response to the sensor signal, providing a control signal to the dynamic electric load, and
controlling, by the control unit, a fraction of the electric power produced by the fuel cell array to be fed into the dynamic electric load to minimize a difference between the amount of chemical fuel received in the fuel cell array and an amount of chemical fuel consumed in the fuel cell array when producing the electric power.
12. The method according to claim 11 , wherein a controllable valve is arranged to influence the amount of chemical fuel received in the fuel cell array, and the method further comprising:
controlling the controllable valve in response to the sensor signal.
13. The method according to claim 12 , wherein the fuel source comprises a fuel tank and a chemical reactor, the fuel tank being configured to hold at least one source substance for a chemical reaction through which the chemical reactor is configured to produce the chemical fuel, the controllable valve being arranged in a passage way for the at least one source substance between the fuel tank and the chemical reactor.
14. The method according to claim 13 , wherein a pressure sensor is arranged to produce a pressure signal reflecting a pressure level in the chemical reactor, and the method further comprises:
controlling the controllable valve in further response to the pressure signal.
15. The method according to claim 13 , wherein
a temperature sensor arranged to produce a temperature signal reflecting a temperature in the chemical reactor, and
the method further comprises: controlling the controllable valve in further response to the temperature signal.
16. The method according to claim 11 , wherein
the at least one measured voltage comprises a respective individual voltage over each fuel cell of a number of fuel cells in the fuel cell array, and
the method further comprises: decreasing the fraction fed into the dynamic electric load if at least one of said respective individual voltages is below a first threshold voltage.
17. The system method according to claim 11 , wherein
the at least one measured voltage comprises an output voltage at the output terminal, and
the method further comprises: decreasing the fraction fed into the dynamic electric load if the output voltage is below a second threshold voltage.
18. The system method according to claim 11 , wherein the fraction of the electric power fed into the dynamic electric load is controlled by varying a magnitude of a current flowing into the dynamic electric load.
19. A computer program loadable into a non-volatile data carrier communicatively connected to a processing unit, the computer program comprising software for executing the method according to claim 11 , when the computer program is run on the processing unit.
20. A non-volatile data carrier containing the computer program of claim 19 .