Autonomous localized permeability material systems and methods for using and making same
Autonomous localized permeability material systems are provided that can include: a dynamically permeable porous material; and immobilized reagents operatively associated with the porous material in sufficient proximity to trigger a localized change in material pore size upon reagent reaction. Methods for preparing these materials are also provided as well as methods for autonomously modifying localized permeability of material.
1. A material system comprising:
a support layer; and
a permeable porous material positioned on the support layer and configured to modulate repeatably between an open state and a closed state upon exposure to a reactant, wherein permeability of the permeable porous material in the closed state is less than permeability of the permeable porous material in the open state; and
a reagent immobilized on the permeable porous material, wherein the reagent is configured to convert the reactant into a chemical trigger to locally reduce permeability of vapor and/or liquids through the permeable porous material;
wherein the material system is integrated into at least one of clothing, a suit, a mask, and a protective textile application.
2. The material system of claim 1 wherein the permeable porous material is nano to macroporous.
3. The material system of claim 1 wherein the reagent is stoichiometric or catalytic.
4. The material system of claim 1 wherein the reagent comprises one or more of enzymes, metal organic frameworks, metal oxides, and oximes.
5. The material system of claim 1 wherein the reagent is non-covalently bonded to the permeable porous material.
6. The material system of claim 1 , wherein the reactant is a chemical warfare agent.
7. The material system of claim 1 , wherein the reagent is an enzyme.
8. The material system of claim 1 , wherein locally reducing permeability of vapor and/or liquids through the permeable porous material prevents the reactant from passing through the permeable porous material.
9. The material system of claim 1 , wherein the support layer is nylon-based.
10. The material system of claim 1 , wherein the permeable porous material comprises poly(4-vinylpyridine).
11. The material system of claim 10 , wherein the reactant is a chemical warfare agent and the reagent is an enzyme.
12. The material system of claim 1 , wherein the material system comprises a moisture vapor transmission rate of at least 500 g/m 2 /day.
13. The material system of claim 12 , wherein the material system comprises an elastic modulus greater than 300 MPa.