Turbine engine including a steam system
A turbine engine for an aircraft includes a turbo-engine with a core air flow path, a fan having a fan shaft coupled to the turbo-engine to rotate the fan shaft, and a steam system. A combustor is located in the core air flow path to combust fuel and to generate combustion gases. The steam system extracts water from the combustion gases and vaporizes the water to generate steam. The steam system is fluidly coupled to the core air flow path to inject the steam into the core air flow path. The steam system includes a controller configured to determine a water content of the core air upstream of the steam injection location and to change a position of a steam flow control valve to control the flow of the steam into the core air flow path.
1. A turbine engine for an aircraft, the turbine engine comprising:
a turbo-engine including:
a core air flow path for core air to flow therethrough;
a compressor located in the core air flow path to compress the core air to generate compressed air;
a combustor located in the core air flow path downstream of the compressor to receive the compressed air from the compressor and fluidly coupled to a fuel source to receive fuel, the fuel being injected into the combustor to mix with the compressed air to generate a fuel and air mixture, the fuel and air mixture being combusted in a primary combustion zone of the combustor to generate combustion gases;
an engine shaft coupled to the compressor to rotate the compressor; and
a turbine located downstream of the combustor to receive the combustion gases and to cause the turbine to rotate, the turbine coupled to the engine shaft to rotate the engine shaft when the turbine rotates;
a fan having a fan shaft coupled to the turbo-engine to rotate the fan shaft;
a steam system extracting water from the combustion gases and vaporizing the extracted water to generate steam, the steam system being fluidly coupled to the core air flow path to inject the steam into the core air flow path at a steam injection location to add mass flow to the core air, the steam system including a steam flow control valve operable to control the flow of the steam into the core air flow path;
one or more sensors located on the turbine engine to detect a parameter indicative of a core air water content, the core air water content being a water content of the core air upstream of the steam injection location, at least one of the one or more sensors being a compressor discharge sensor located at an outlet of the compressor or downstream thereof to detect, in the compressed air, the parameter indicative of the core air water content;
a speed sensor located to detect a rotational speed of the engine shaft; and
a controller operatively coupled to the steam flow control valve to control a position of the steam flow control valve and an amount of the steam injected into the core air flow path at the steam injection location, wherein the controller is configured to:
receive an input from the one or more sensors and an input from the speed sensor, to determine the core air water content based on the input received from the one or more sensors and the input received from the speed sensor; and
change the position of the steam flow control valve and the amount of the steam injected into the core air flow path at the steam injection location based on the core air water content.
2. The turbine engine of claim 1 , wherein the compressor discharge sensor is one of a temperature sensor or a pressure sensor.
3. The turbine engine of claim 1 , wherein the core air flow path includes a core inlet, another sensor of the one or more sensors being located at the core inlet to detect, in the core inlet, the parameter indicative of the core air water content.
4. The turbine engine of claim 1 , further comprising a nacelle circumferentially surrounding the fan, the nacelle defining a fan inlet for a volume of air, another sensor of the one or more sensors being located at the fan inlet to detect, in the volume of air, the parameter indicative of the core air water content.
5. The turbine engine of claim 4 , wherein another sensor of the one or more sensors is located on the nacelle in the fan inlet.
6. The turbine engine of claim 1 , wherein the steam flow control valve is a primary steam flow control valve operable to control the flow of the steam into a primary steam injection zone, the primary steam injection zone being a steam injection zone located in the core air flow path such that the steam injected into the primary steam injection zone flows into the primary combustion zone.
7. The turbine engine of claim 6 , wherein the primary steam injection zone is the primary combustion zone.
8. The turbine engine of claim 1 , wherein another sensor of the one or more sensors is a compressor inlet sensor located at an inlet of the compressor or upstream thereof to detect the parameter indicative of the core air water content.
9. The turbine engine of claim 8 , wherein each of the compressor inlet sensor and the compressor discharge sensor is a temperature sensor, and the controller is configured to determine the core air water content based on a temperature increase from the compressor inlet sensor to the compressor discharge sensor.
10. The turbine engine of claim 8 , wherein each of the compressor inlet sensor and the compressor discharge sensor is a pressure sensor, and the controller is configured to determine the core air water content of using a pressure increase from the compressor inlet sensor to the compressor discharge sensor.
11. A turbine engine for an aircraft, the turbine engine comprising:
a turbo-engine including:
a core air flow path for core air to flow therethrough;
a combustor located in the core air flow path to receive compressed air and fluidly coupled to a fuel source to receive fuel, the fuel being injected into the combustor to mix with the compressed air to generate a fuel and air mixture, the fuel and air mixture being combusted in a primary combustion zone of the combustor to generate combustion gases;
an engine shaft; and
a turbine located downstream of the combustor to receive the combustion gases and to cause the turbine to rotate, the turbine coupled to the engine shaft to rotate the engine shaft when the turbine rotates;
a fan having a fan shaft coupled to the turbo-engine to rotate the fan shaft;
a steam system extracting water from the combustion gases and vaporizing the extracted water to generate steam, the steam system being fluidly coupled to the core air flow path to inject the steam into the core air flow path at a steam injection location to add mass flow to the core air, the steam system including a steam flow control valve operable to control the flow of the steam into the core air flow path and a steam bypass flow path selectively operable to redirect at least a portion of the steam to bypass the core air flow path;
a sensor located on the turbine engine located to detect a parameter indicative of a core air water content, the core air water content being a water content of the core air upstream of the steam injection location; and
a controller operatively coupled to the steam flow control valve to control a position of the steam flow control valve and an amount of the steam injected into the core air flow path at the steam injection location, wherein the controller is configured to:
receive an input from the sensor, to determine the core air water content based on the input received from the sensor; and
adjust the amount of the steam injected into the core air flow path at the steam injection location, based on the determined core air water content, by one or both of:
changing the position of the steam flow control valve; or
redirecting the at least portion of the steam through the steam bypass flow path.
12. The turbine engine of claim 11 , wherein the controller is further configured to, when the at least portion of the steam is redirected through the steam bypass flow path, selectively redirect the at least portion of the steam to one of an exhaust port or a bypass airflow passage of the turbine engine or to a condenser of the steam system.
13. The turbine engine of claim 11 , wherein the sensor is one of a temperature sensor or a pressure sensor.
14. The turbine engine of claim 11 , wherein the steam bypass flow path is fluidly connected to an exhaust port to selectively exhaust the steam.
15. The turbine engine of claim 11 , further comprising a bypass airflow passage for bypass air, the steam bypass flow path being fluidly connected to the bypass airflow passage to selectively direct the flow of steam into the bypass airflow passage.
16. The turbine engine of claim 11 , wherein the steam system further includes a boiler located downstream of the combustor that receives the extracted water, the boiler being fluidly connected to the combustor to receive the combustion gases and to boil the extracted water to generate the steam.
17. The turbine engine of claim 16 , further comprising a condenser located downstream of the boiler to condense the extracted water from the combustion gases and to generate an exhaust-water mixture, the steam bypass flow path being fluidly connected to the condenser to selectively direct the flow of steam into the condenser.
18. The turbine engine of claim 16 , wherein the steam bypass flow path is fluidly connected to the steam system at a location downstream of the boiler and upstream of the core air flow path.
19. The turbine engine of claim 16 , wherein the steam system includes a steam turbine fluidly coupled to the boiler to receive the steam from the boiler and to cause the steam turbine to rotate, the steam turbine being coupled to the engine shaft to rotate the engine shaft when the steam turbine rotates.
20. The turbine engine of claim 19 , wherein the steam bypass flow path is fluidly connected to the steam system at a location downstream of the steam turbine.