IP Library Granted Patent US 12,244,352
Granted Patent B1
US 12,244,352 · App. 16/974,054 · Granted Mar 4, 2025

Optical communications for autonomous vehicles

Inventor: Eric Seeley (Seabeck, WA)
Assignee: The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Navy
H04B10/80B63B35/00H04W4/46B63B2035/008H04B10/116
View Patent ↗
Loading inventors, assignments & file history…
Monitor This Case
Get email alerts when status or documents change.
Order Certified Copies
Most orders are placed with the USPTO same day — all within 24 business hours.
Order via The Patent Place →
Pre-filled with this patent's details
Quick Facts
Patent No.
US 12,244,352
App. No.
16/974,054
Granted
Mar 4, 2025
Kind
B1
Abstract

A field configurable autonomous vehicle includes modular elements and attachable components. The vehicle can be assembled from these modular elements and components to meet desired mission and performance characteristics without the need to purchase specially designed vehicles for each mission. The vehicle can include a module that enables the vehicle to communicate optically with other vehicles or personnel.

Claims (57)

1. An optical communications module for a field configurable vehicle, comprising:

a light transmissible surface located on an exterior surface of the module;

a light detector located interior to the module and at a location behind said light transmissible surface;

a light emitter;

a processor;

a data bus coupled to said processor, to said light emitter and to said light detector; and,

a connector for coupling the optical communications module to the field configurable vehicle,

wherein said light detector detects optical communications signals and writes a data indicative of said signals to said data bus for processing by said processor, and

wherein said light emitter receives instructions to transmit an outbound optical communications signal according to an instruction received on said data bus from said processor.

2. The optical communications module of claim 1 , wherein the optical communications module is capable of being moved and mated to the field configurable vehicle.

3. The optical communications module of claim 1 , further comprising:

an engineered fluid located in an interior volume of said optical communications module.

4. The optical communications module of claim 1 , wherein said light emitter comprises a LED.

5. The optical communications module of claim 4 , wherein said LED further comprises a plurality of LEDs, wherein each one of said plurality of LEDs emits a light of a unique wavelength.

6. The optical communications module of claim 1 , wherein said light detector comprises a Pixy camera.

7. The optical communications module of claim 1 , further comprising:

a lens disposed between said light transmissible surface and said light detector.

8. The optical communications module of claim 1 , wherein said light transmissible surface further includes a filter.

9. The optical communications module of claim 1 , further comprising:

a radio frequency communications system.

10. The optical communications module of claim 1 , further comprising:

an acoustic communications modem.

11. The optical communications module of claim 1 , further comprising:

a LED coupled to said data bus for indicating a status of said optical communications module.

12. The optical communications module of claim 1 , further comprising:

a power bus; and,

a LED coupled to said power bus for indicating that power is supplied to said optical communications module.

13. The optical communications module of claim 1 , wherein said light detector can simultaneously detect a plurality of wavelengths of light as a plurality of separate communications channels.

14. The optical communications module of claim 1 , wherein said light detector locates a centroid of area of a light detected by said detector.

15. The optical communications module of claim 14 , wherein said processor processes changes in a location of said centroid of area.

16. An optical communications module for a field configurable vehicle, comprising:

a light transmissible surface located on an exterior surface of the module;

a light detector located interior to the module and at a location behind said light transmissible surface;

a light emitter;

a processor;

a data bus coupled to said processor, to said light emitter and to said light detector; and,

a connector for coupling the optical communications module to the field configurable vehicle,

wherein said light detector detects optical communications signals and writes a data indicative of said signals to said data bus for processing by said processor,

wherein said light emitter receives instructions to transmit an outbound optical communications signal according to an instruction received on said data bus from said processor, and

wherein the connector comprises a first connector end portion including the data bus and a power bus, the field configurable vehicle comprising a second connector end portion, the first connector end portion adapted to couple with the second connector end portion by rotating the connector towards the second connector end portion so that the data bus aligns with a data bus end portion of the second connector end portion and the power bus aligns with a power bus end portion of the second connector end portion.

17. The optical communications module of claim 16 , wherein the first connector end portion further comprises a sealing gasket.

18. A configurable autonomous vehicle, comprising:

a plurality of modules; and,

a central command logic device, wherein at least one of said plurality of modules includes an optical communications module having:

a data bus coupled to receive instructions from said central command logic;

a connector for coupling the optical communications module to the configurable autonomous vehicle;

a light detector; and,

a processor coupled to said data bus and to said light detector for processing an optical communications signal detected by said light detector.

19. The configurable autonomous vehicle of claim 18 , wherein said optical communications module further comprises a light emitter coupled to said data bus.

20. The configurable autonomous vehicle of claim 19 , wherein said light emitter transmits an optical outbound communications signal in response to an instruction received from said processor.

21. The configurable autonomous vehicle of claim 18 , wherein said light detector comprises a Pixy camera.

22. The configurable autonomous vehicle of claim 18 , wherein said light emitter comprises a LED.

23. The configurable autonomous vehicle of claim 18 , wherein said light detector can simultaneously detect a plurality of wavelengths of light as a plurality of separate communications channels.

24. The configurable autonomous vehicle of claim 18 , wherein said light detector locates a centroid of area of a light detected by said detector and wherein said vehicle further includes a navigation system coupled to said data bus and wherein said navigation system processes changes in said centroid of area to command a vehicle course relative to a light source.

25. The configurable autonomous vehicle of claim 18 , wherein said optical communications module further comprises a LED coupled to said data bus and to said processor for receiving instructions from said processor to display signals indicative of a status of said optical communications module.

26. The configurable autonomous vehicle of claim 18 , wherein at least two of the modules comprise a battery module and a command module, the command module comprising the central command logic device, the battery module powering the optical communications module.

27. The vehicle of claim 18 , wherein the optical communications module comprises a battery module.

Assignments (1)
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST Recorded Sep 12, 2020
From: SEELEY, ERIC
To: OFFICE OF NAVAL RESEARCH
Reel/Frame 054899/0832 →
Continuity (12)
Continuation In Part 29742132 · Jan 30, 2020
Continuation In Part 29742137 · Jan 30, 2020
Continuation In Part 29742130 · Jan 30, 2020
Continuation In Part 29742138 · Jan 30, 2020
Continuation In Part 29742134 · Jan 30, 2020
Continuation In Part 29742135 · Jan 30, 2020
Continuation In Part 29742133 · Jan 30, 2020
Continuation In Part 29742129 · Jan 30, 2020
Continuation In Part 29742131 · Jan 30, 2020
Continuation In Part 29742034 · Oct 3, 2019
Provisional Application 62974118 · Nov 13, 2019
Provisional Application 62973045 · Sep 12, 2019
References Cited (205)
US 832646A · Wiebe · 1906 [cited by applicant]
US 834161A · Nilsen · 1906 [cited by applicant]
US 1382073A · Fort · 1921 [cited by applicant]
US 3088710A · Evans · 1963 [cited by applicant]
US 3508509A · Le Bleu · 1970 [cited by applicant]
US 3947907A · Synodis · 1976 [cited by applicant]
US 3960428A · Naus · 1976 [cited by applicant]
US 4084875A · Yamamoto · 1978 [cited by applicant]
US 4187796A · Ess · 1980 [cited by applicant]
US 4202036A · Bowditch · 1980 [cited by applicant]
US 4297757A · Palemon Camu · 1981 [cited by applicant]
US 4597631A · Flores · 1986 [cited by applicant]
US 4756312A · Epley · 1988 [cited by applicant]
US D306425S · Walker · 1990 [cited by applicant]
US D310058S · Thompson · 1990 [cited by applicant]
US 4992999A · Yerby · 1991 [cited by applicant]
US 5273456A · Muzslay · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5290191A · Foreman · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5356303A · Shibata · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5361029A · Rider et al. · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5480319A · Viakancic · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5605150A · Radons · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5906513A · Peterson · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 5929588A · Shiah · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 5995882A · Patterson et al. · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 6146210A · Cha · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6179637B1 · Lee · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6262761B1 · Zernov · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6282594B1 · McTague · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6453741B1 · Beck, II · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6461179B1 · Sullivan · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6535314B1 · Mendenhall · 2003 [cited by examiner]
US 6561836B1 · Marshall · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6666705B1 · Lauruhn · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6711095B1 · Daniels · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 6854410B1 · King et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 6927974B2 · Robillard · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 6929291B2 · Chen · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 7154363B2 · Hunts · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 7422486B2 · Hoff · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 7575451B1 · Jaramillo · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 7628628B2 · Matsuda · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 7721669B1 · Portmann · 2010 [cited by examiner]
US 7753754B2 · Curtis · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7854569B1 · Stenson · 2010 [cited by examiner]
US 7921795B2 · Imlach · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 7961086B2 · Bradley · 2011 [cited by examiner]
US 8009002B2 · Fiedler · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 8069808B1 · Imlach · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US D677211S · Tavares · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8512084B1 · Chang · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8702594B2 · Edidin · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 9112318B2 · Cech · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9174733B1 · Burgess · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9203524B2 · Simpson · 2015 [cited by examiner]
US 9490910B2 · Lacovara · 2016 [cited by examiner]
US 9517821B2 · Ford · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9611017B2 · Jeng · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9701378B2 · Sylvia · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9963212B2 · Jehangir · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 10044175B1 · Sloat · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 10061320B2 · Tavares · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US D834161S · Szolony et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 10224660B2 · Kurumaddali · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10256918B2 · Harris · 2019 [cited by examiner]
US 10392086B2 · Trigui · 2019 [cited by examiner]
US 10456924B2 · Outa et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US D865633S · Chen · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10516489B1 · Liu · 2019 [cited by examiner]
US 10535938B2 · Sherman · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 10627576B2 · Kim · 2020 [cited by examiner]
US 10654549B2 · Wilby · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 10857670B2 · Rus · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 10924714B2 · Kang, II · 2021 [cited by examiner]
US 11319041B2 · Wang et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 20020083880A1 · Shelton · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 20050232638A1 · Fucile · 2005 [cited by examiner]
US 20060008275A1 · Lacovara · 2006 [cited by examiner]
US 20060137587A1 · Aisenbrey · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20060154537A1 · Nugent · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20060210412A1 · Lawler · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20060239689A1 · Ashdown · 2006 [cited by examiner]
US 20060286931A1 · Rhodes · 2006 [cited by examiner]
US 20070242134A1 · Zernov · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20080181614A1 · Ann · 2008 [cited by examiner]
US 20090038532A1 · Keck et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090167861A1 · Gal · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090278642A1 · Fullerton · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20100196174A1 · Lee · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20110226174A1 · Parks · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20120008928A1 · Ghali · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120048172A1 · Lotz · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120167814A1 · Kalwa · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20130204464A1 · Mauck · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130279919A1 · Yokoi · 2013 [cited by examiner]
US 20140051352A1 · Wolfe · 2014 [cited by examiner]
US 20140262129A1 · Li · 2014 [cited by examiner]
US 20140270799A1 · Roberts · 2014 [cited by examiner]
US 20150132004A1 · Farr · 2015 [cited by examiner]
US 20150372769A1 · Farr · 2015 [cited by examiner]
US 20160121009A1 · Farr · 2016 [cited by examiner]
US 20160127042A1 · Farr · 2016 [cited by examiner]
US 20160229503A1 · Sheard · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160318591A1 · Jamieson · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20170174300A1 · Moreno · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170326489A1 · Lau · 2017 [cited by examiner]
US 20180063429A1 · Enriquez · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180074489A1 · Buttest · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180203449A1 · Tavares · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180237108A1 · Zhang · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20190009870A1 · Williams · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20190011335A1 · Tavares · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20190016431A1 · Vihtanen · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20190115132A1 · Gunawan · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20190127037A1 · Larson · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20190135393A1 · Pieterkosky · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20190323191A1 · Cole · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20200025965A1 · Szeto · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 20200108893A1 · Noah · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 20200220446A1 · Clymer · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 20200231264A1 · Imai · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 20200336210A1 · Khatibzadeh · 2020 [cited by examiner]
US 20210016863A1 · Charles · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 20210274068A1 · Masarik · 2021 [cited by examiner]
US 20210300740A1 · High · 2021 [cited by examiner]
US 20230208519A1 · Haas · 2023 [cited by examiner]
CN 110065607A · 2019 [cited by applicant]
CN 111319734A · 2020 [cited by applicant]
Cailean et al., Current Challenges for Visible Light Communications Usage in Vehicle Applications: A Survey, 2017, IEEE (Year: 2017). [cited by examiner]
Nasir, Syed Zain, Introduction to Pixy Camera, Aug. 2017 (Year: 2017). [cited by examiner]
Mehta et al., Principles of Electronics, 2008, S. Chand & Company, Eleventh Edition, pp. 125-139 (Year: 2008). [cited by examiner]
V,C. (Jan. 19, 2021). “Cobalt Extreme develops new material concept by combining AM and injection molding” 3D Printing News. https://www.3dnatives.com/en/cobalt-extreme-synthetic-metal-190120204/#!. [cited by applicant]
H. Caliendo, (Jan. 13, 2021). “New Technology Combines 3D Printing with Injection Molding”, Plastic Technology. https://www.ptonline.com/articles/new-technology-combines-3d-printing-with-injection-molding. [cited by applicant]
CAN Bus Explained—A Simple Intro (2021) https://no-click.mil/?https://www.csselectronics.com/screen/page/simple-intro-to-can-bus/languages/en. [cited by applicant]
Masterbond.(2021). MasterBond.Com. https://www.masterbond.com/properties /thermally-conductive-epoxy-adhesives. [cited by applicant]
Gnanasekaren, K., Heijmans, T., Van Bennekom, S., Woldhuis, H., Wijnia, S., De With, G., & Friederich, H. (2017). 3D printing of CNT-and-graphene-based conductive polymer nanocomposites by fused deposition modeling. App… [cited by applicant]
20191023_ 144151 is a photographic image of a close up of the Triest DSVNO, showing the pressure sphere, located at the U.S. Naval Undersea Museum, Keyport WA. On information and belief, the Trieste launched in 1953. [cited by applicant]
20091023_ 144157 is a photographic image of the Trieste DSV-0 located at the U.S. Naval Undersea Museum, Keyport WA. On information and belief, the Trieste was launched in 1953. [cited by applicant]
20091023_ 144612 is a photographic image of the Turtle DSV-3 located at the U.S. Naval Undersea Museum, Keyport WA. On information and belief, the Turtle was launched in 1968. [cited by applicant]
20091023_144633 is a photographic image of Deep Jeep, a torpedo recovery vehicle, located at the U.S. Naval Undersea Museum, Keyport WA. On information and belief, the Deep Jeep was used between 1964-1966. [cited by applicant]
20091023_ 144645 is a photographic image of the Alivin DSV-2 located at the U.S. Naval Undersea Museum, Keyport WA. On information and belief, the Alivin was launched in 1964. [cited by applicant]
20091023_ 144700 is a photographic image of the Trieste II DSV-1located at the U.S. Naval Undersea Museum, Keyport WA. On information and belief, the Trieste II was launched in 1965. [cited by applicant]
20091023_ 144712 is a photographic Image of the Turtle DSVN3 and the Sea Cliff DVS-4 located at the U.S. Naval Undersea Museum, Keyport WA. On information and belief, the Turtle and the Sea Cliff were launched in 1968. [cited by applicant]
20091023_152730 is a photographic image of the pressure sphere of the Trieste II DSVN1 located at the U.S. Naval Undersea Museum, Keyport WA. On information and belief, the Trieste II was launched in 1965. [cited by applicant]
Beebe's Bathysphere 1934 Is a photographic image of Beebe & Barton's bathysphere er. 1934. Image located at https://www.hlstory.navy.mil/contenUhistory/nhhc/ourNcollectionslpholography/numericalN!istNof-images/nhhcNseri… [cited by applicant]
Bushnell's Turtle 1875 is a graphical depiction of David Bushnell's design, penned In 1875. On information and belief, the Bushenll's Turtle was launched in 1775. Image located at https:/Jwww.history.navy.mil/research/J… [cited by applicant]
Bushnell's Turtle Reproduction is a graphical depiction of full-sized reproduction of Bushnell's Turtle, built In 2007. Image locatedat https://www.history.navy.mil/research/library/online-reading-room/title-list-alphab… [cited by applicant]
MK1 Deep Diving System is a photographic image of the MK 1 Deep Diving System Personnel Transfer Capsule, located at https:/www.flickr.com/photos/114229576@N07/33012346958/in/album-72157704680994871. On information and … [cited by applicant]
MK 2 Deep Diving System is a photographic image of the MK 2 Deep Diving System Personnel Transfer Capsule, located at https://www.flickr.com/photos/114229576@N07/45972481745/in/album-72157704680994871/. On information a… [cited by applicant]
Sooter,Tad, and Julianne Stanford, “Mystery mine found in an area with a long history of producing munitions”, The Kitsap Sun, Aug. 29, 2018, The Kitsap Sun, Bremerton, WA, USA. [cited by applicant]
McCann Submarine Rescue Chamber is a graphical image of a submarine rescue chamber, located at https://www.history.navy.mil/content/history/nhhc/our-collections/photography/numerical-list-of-images/nhhv-series/nh-series… [cited by applicant]
CAN Bus Explained—A Simple Intro (2020) https://no-click.mil/?https://www.csselectronics.com/screen/page/simple-intro-to-can-bus/language/en. [cited by applicant]
T. M. Paine and L. L. Whitcomb, “Adaptive parameter identification of underactuated unmanned underwater vehicles: A preliminary simulation study,” in Oceans 2018 MTS/IEEE Charleston. IEEE, 10 2018, pp. 1-6. [cited by applicant]
Harris, Zachary, Paine, Tyler and Whitcomb, Louis, “Preliminary Evaluation of Null-Space Dynamic Process Model Identification with Application to Cooperative Navigation of Underwater Vehicles”. [cited by applicant]
Harris, Zachary, Paine, Tyler and Whitcomb, Louis “Preliminary Feasibility Study of Adaptive Identification for Decoupled, Underactuated, Unmanned Underwater Vehicles in 6 Degrees of Freedom”. [cited by applicant]
Corrigan, Steve “Inroduction to the Controller Area Network (CAN)”, Texas Instruments Incorporated, Aug. 2002, Dallas, Texas USA. [cited by applicant]
Micromo Micro Motion Solutions, “DC Motor Calculations”, White Paper, pp. 1-10. [cited by applicant]
First Sensor Evaluation Board Data Sheet, Feb. 14, 2018, (3) www.first-sensor.com. [cited by applicant]
S. Arnold and L. Medagoda, “Robust model-aided inertial localization for autonomous underwater vehicles,” May 2018. [cited by applicant]
M. A. Fischler and R. C. Bolles, “Random sample consensus: A paradigm for model fitting with applications to image analysis and automated cartography,” Communications of the Association for Computing Machinery, vol. 24,… [cited by applicant]
J. G. Graver, R. Bachmayer, N. E. Leonard, and D. M. Fratantoni, “Underwater Glider Model Parameter Identification,” in Proc. 13th Int. Symp. On Unmanned Untethered Submersible Technology (UUST), vol. 1, 2003, pp. 12-13. [cited by applicant]
“HP 3D High Reusability PA 12”, Mar. 2018, hp.com/go/3DMaterials. [cited by applicant]
Electronics Materials Solutions Division. (2018). Heat transfer applications using 3M Novec Engineered Fluids. Heat Transfer Applications Using 3M Novec Engineered Fluids, 1-2. https://www.3M.com/novec. [cited by applicant]
S. Randeni, N. R. Rypkema, E. Fischell, A. Forrest, M. Benjamin, and H. Schmidt, “Implementation of a hydrodynamic model-based navigation system for a low-cost auv fleet,” in IEEE OES Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Sympo… [cited by applicant]
S. A. T. Randeni P., A. L. Forrest, R. Cossu, Z. Q. Leong, D. Ranmuthugala, and V. Schmidt, “Parameter identification of a nonlinear model: replicating the motion response of an autonomous underwater vehicle for dynamic… [cited by applicant]
P. Ridao, A. Tiano, A. El-Fakdi, M. Carreras, and A. Zirilli, “On the Identification of Non-Linear Models of Unmanned Underwater Vehicles,” Control Engineering Practice, vol. 12, No. 12, pp. 1483-1499, 2004, guidance an… [cited by applicant]
D. A. Smallwood and L. Whitcomb, “Adaptive Identification of Dynamically Positioned Underwater Robotic Vehicles,” IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, vol. 11, No. 4, pp. 505-515, Jul. 2003. [cited by applicant]
D. A. Smallwood and L. L. Whitcomb, “Model-based dynamic positioning of underwater robotic vehicles: theory and experiment,” IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, vol. 29, No. 1, pp. 169-186, 2004. [cited by applicant]
P. W. van de Ven, T. A. Johansen, A. J. SÃ,rensen, C. Flanagan, and D. Toal, “Neural Network Augmented Identification of Underwater Vehicle Models,” Control Engineering Practice, vol. 15, No. 6, pp. 715-725, 2007, speci… [cited by applicant]
B. Wehbe, M. Hildebrandt, and F. Kirchner, “Experimental Evaluation of Various Machine Learning Regression Methods for Model Identification of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles,” in 2017 IEEE International Conference on Ro… [cited by applicant]
R. Hom and C. Johnson, Matrix Analysis. Cambridge University Press, 2012. [cited by applicant]
G. C. Karras, C. P. Bechlioulis, M. Leonetti, N. Palomeras, P. Kormushev, K. J. Kyriakopoulos, and D. G. Caldwell, “On-line Identification of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles Through Global Derivative-Free Optimization,” … [cited by applicant]
C. J. McFarland and L. Whitcomb, “Comparative Experimental Evaluation of a New Adaptive Identifier For Underwater Vehicles,” in 2013 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, May 2013, pp. 4614-4620. [cited by applicant]
Moser, Paul. M., “Special Transmission of light Through Seawater”, Technical Memorandum, Pacific-Sierra Research Corporation, pp. 1-15, 1992. [cited by applicant]
Vollong Electronics Co,. Limited, “Product Specification”, pp. 1-2. [cited by applicant]
Paschotta, R. (n.d.). RP Photonics Encyclopedia. Retrieved Aug. 21, 2020, from https://www.rp-photonics.com/position_sensitive_detectors.html. [cited by applicant]
Beagle Board Foundation. (Sep. 10, 2008). Beagle Bone Black. Beagle Board. https://beagleboard.org/black, pp. 1-5. [cited by applicant]
Beagle Board Foundation. (Sep. 10, 2008). Beagle Bone Black. Beagle Board. https://beagleboard.org/black, pp. 1-6. [cited by applicant]
Coley, Gerald “BeagleBone Black System Reference Manual” (Sep. 10, 2008). Beagle Bone Black. Beagle Board https://github.com/beagleboard/beaglebone-black/wiki/System-Reference-Manual pp. 1-124. [cited by applicant]
Sparkfun Electronics, “Sparkfun Raspberry Pi Zero W Camera Kit” (Sep. 18, 2017). https://www.sparkfun.com/products_/14328. [cited by applicant]
Raspberry Pi Foundation, “Camera Module V2”, Jul. 25, 2016. https://www.raspberrypi.org/products/camera-module-v2/. [cited by applicant]
Raspberry Pi Trading Ltd., “Raspberry Pi 4 Computer Model B” May 2020, www.raspberrypi.org pp. 1-6. [cited by applicant]
Raspberry Pi Trading Ltd., “Data Sheet Raspberry Pi Compute Module (CM1), Raspberry Pi Compute Module 3 (CM3), Raspberry Pi Compute Module 3 Lite (3M3L)” Oct. 2016, pp. 1-21, version 1.0. [cited by applicant]
S. Natarajan, C. Gaudig, and M. Hildebrandt, “Offline Experimental Parameter Identification Using On-Board Sensors For an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle,” in Proceedings of MTS/IEEE Oceans, 10 2012, pp. 1-8. [cited by applicant]
M. Gertler and G. R. Hagen, “Standard equations of motion for submarine simulation,” David W Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center Bethesda MD, Tech. Rep., 1967. [cited by applicant]
O. Hegrenaes, O. Hallingstad, and B. Jalving, “Comparison of Mathematical Models for the HUGIN 4500 AUV Based on Experimental Data,” in 2007 Symposium on Underwater Technology and Workshop on Scientific Use of Submarine… [cited by applicant]
F. H. Imlay, “The complete expressions for added mass of a rigid body moving in an ideal fluid,” David Taylor Model Basin Washington DC, Tech.Rep., 1961. [cited by applicant]
B. Wehbe and M. M. Krell, “Learning Coupled Dynamic Models of Underwater Vehicles Using Support Vector Regression,” in Ocean 2017—Aberdeen, Jun. 2017. [cited by applicant]
Pixy Documentation “Pixy 2 Overview” Feb. 18, 2018, pp. 1-14 https://docs.pixycam/wiki/doku.php?id=wiki:v2overview. [cited by applicant]
Carter, N. “Autonomous Underwater Vehicles Technology and Applications” 2015, pp. 22-38, Clanrye International Jersey City, NJ USA. [cited by applicant]
Carter, N. “Autonomous Underwater Vehicles Technology and Applications” 2015, pp. 173-198, Clanrye International Jersey City, NJ USA. [cited by applicant]
Z. J. Harris and L. L. Whitcomb, “Preliminary evaluation of cooperative navigation of underwater vehicles without a dvl utilizing a dynamic process model,” in 2018 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automatio… [cited by applicant]
M. T. Sabet, H. M. Daniali, A. Fathi, and E. Alizadeh, “Identification of an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Hydrodynamic Model Using the Extended, Cubature, and Transformed Unscented Kalman Filter,” IEEE Journal of Ocean… [cited by applicant]
A. Tiano, R. Sutton, A. Lozowicki, and W. Naeem, “Observer Kalman Filter Identification of an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle,” Control Engineering Practice, vol. 15, pp. 727-739, Jun. 2007. [cited by applicant]
S. C. Martin and L. Whitcomb, “Experimental Identification of Six-Degree-of-Freedom Coupled Dynamic Plant Models for Underwater Robot Vehicles,” IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, vol. 39, No. 4, pp. 662-671, Oct. 201… [cited by applicant]
S. C. Martin and L. L. Whitcomb, “Nonlinear model-based tracking control of underwater vehicles with three degree-of-freedom fully coupled dynamical plant models: Theory and experimental evaluation,” IEEE Transactions o… [cited by applicant]
S. C. Martin and L. L. Whitcomb, Experimental Identification of Three Degree-of-Freedom Coupled Dynamic Plant Models for Underwater Vehicles. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017, pp. 319-341. [cited by applicant]
N.-L. Wu, X.-Y. Wang, T. Ge, C. Wu, and R. Yang, “Parametric Identification and Structure Searching For Underwater Vehicle Model Using Symbolic Regression,” Journal of Marine Science and Technology, vol. 22, No. 1, pp. … [cited by applicant]
T. I. Fossen, Guidance and Control of Ocean Vehicles. John Wiley and Sons, 1994. [cited by applicant]
A. Goodman, “Experimental techniques and methods of analysis used in submerged body research,” in Proc. of the Third Symposium on Naval Hydromechanics, 1960. [cited by applicant]
Wasiu O. Popoola, Callum Geldard, Egecan Guler and Alexander Hamilton, Underwater optical wireless communication with subcarrier intensity modulation: an experimental demonstration, Proceedings of Meetings on Acoustics,… [cited by applicant]
James W. O'Dell, Method 180.1 Determination Of Turbidity By Nephelometry, Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory, Office Of Research And Development, Aug. 1993, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohi… [cited by applicant]
Farshad Miramirkhani, Mehdi Karbalayghareh and Murat Uysal, Effect of scattering phase function on underwater visible light communication channel models, Physical Communication 48 101410, Jun. 26, 2021, ScienceDirect El… [cited by applicant]
Ramesh, Nephelometry and Turbidimetry, Pharmacy Study Material, Dec. 2, 2016, https://rxpharmaworld.blogspot.com/2016/12/nephelometry-and-turbidimetry.html, US. [cited by applicant]
O'Dell, James W. “Method 180.1: Determination of Turbidity by Nephelometry” Revision 2.0 Aug. 1993, pp. 1-10, Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection … [cited by applicant]
Cited By (1)
US 12,489,526