Method for improving adhesion in and between layers of additive manufactured articles
An additive manufactured condensation polymer article with improved build or Z direction strength may be formed by physically mixing or depositing thereon a chain extender that extends and chemically bonds the polymer chains within and between layers upon heating and fusing during the additive manufacturing process.
1. A method of additive manufacturing comprising:
(i) heating a condensation polymer to form a first layer that is fused by directed application of heating thereby fusing said condensation polymer within said first layer, and
(ii) sequentially depositing and heating subsequent layers of the condensation polymer to fuse such subsequent layers within and between the layers, wherein at least a portion of the condensation polymer has a chain extender deposited thereon the condensation polymer of the subsequent layers before depositing each of the subsequent layers and before heating the chain extender, and wherein the condensation polymer comprises a first condensation polymer that has been previously subjected to heat whereby the condensation polymer was cleaved and end capped with the chain extender having a functionality of 1 with the first condensation polymer and a second condensation polymer that is react-able with the chain extender that has end capped the first condensation polymer.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein none of the chain extender has reacted with the first and/or second condensation polymers prior to heating.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the chain extender is comprised of an epoxide, anhydride or carboxylic acid.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the chain extender is comprised of one or more of tetrabromophthalic anhydride, hexahydrophthalic anhydride, trimellitic anhydride, 1,8-naphthalic anhydride, phthalic anhydride, or sulfophthalic anhydride, phenylenebisoxazoline, pyromellitic dianhydride, Bisphenol A-diglycidyl ether tetraepoxide tetraglycidyldiaminodiphenyl methane.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first and/or second condensation polymers areis a polyamide, polyester, polycarbonate or combination thereof.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first and/or second condensation polymers are formed into a filament or powder and coated with the chain extender.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the chain extender has a functionality of 2 to 4 with the second condensation polymer.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first and second condensation polymers are comprised of at least two polymers and at least one of these is chemically different than another of these polymers.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of the first and/or second condensation polymers has a filler physically mixed within, wherein the filler is present in an amount of 20 percent to about 90 percent by weight of the first and/or second condensation polymers, and wherein the filler comprises hydroxyl groups that are configured to react with the chain extenders and/or the first and/or second condensation polymers.
10. A method of additive manufacturing comprising:
(i) heating a condensation polymer to form a first layer that is fused by directed application of heating thereby fusing said condensation polymer within said first layer, and
(ii) sequentially depositing and heating subsequent layers of the condensation polymer to fuse such subsequent layers within and between the layers, wherein at least a portion of the condensation polymer has a chain extender physically mixed within or deposited thereon before heating the chain extender, and wherein the condensation polymer comprises a first condensation polymer that has been previously subjected to heat whereby the condensation polymer was cleaved and end capped with the chain extender having a functionality of 1 with the first condensation polymer and a second condensation polymer that is react-able with the chain extender that has end capped the first condensation polymer, wherein the first or second condensation polymer is comprised of a polyamide filament and the other of the first or second polymer is comprised of a polyester filament, wherein one or both are coated or mixed with the chain extender and the additive manufacturing method is a fused filament fusion method.