Chlor-alkali and carbon monoxide electrolyzer integration
Integrations of carbon monoxide electrolyzers and chlor-alkali electrolyzers are disclosed herein. The disclosed integrations include novel process chains for the valorization of oxocarbons into hydrochloric acid, vinyl chloride, vinyl acetate, ethylene oxide, and other useful chemicals. The disclosed integrations further include novel ways to operate the electrolyzers in tandem to increase the efficiency of both reactors. This disclosure also includes novel ways to balance the operation of both electrolyzers to assure they are operating at an optimal level to take advantage of the benefits of the disclosed integrations.
1. A method comprising:
generating a volume of chlorine gas using a chlor-alkali reactor;
generating a volume of dihydrogen using a carbon monoxide electrolyzer;
separating the volume of dihydrogen from an output stream, including an electrolyte, of the carbon monoxide electrolyzer;
generating a volume of hydrochloric acid using a hydrochloric acid reactor, the volume of dihydrogen, and the volume of chlorine gas;
acidifying the output stream of the carbon monoxide electrolyzer using the volume of hydrochloric acid;
converting, via the acidifying, a metal hydroxide in the output stream into a volume of a metal salt;
supplying the volume of the metal salt to the chlor-alkali reactor;
generating a volume of the metal hydroxide using the volume of the metal salt and the chlor-alkali reactor; and
supplying the volume of the metal hydroxide to the carbon monoxide electrolyzer to be used as the electrolyte.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
(i) the output stream includes a volume of carboxylates; and (ii) the acidifying of the output stream converts the volume of carboxylates to a volume of carboxylic acid.
3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
generating a volume of acetate using the carbon monoxide electrolyzer and a volume of carbon monoxide;
monitoring a rate of production of the acetate; and
changing a rate of production of the volume of hydrochloric acid based on the rate of production of the acetate, wherein the rate of production of the volume of hydrochloric acid is increased when the rate of production of the acetate increases, and wherein the rate of production of the volume of hydrochloric acid is decreased when the rate of production of the acetate decreases.
4. The method of claim 3 , further comprising:
supplying a first portion of the volume of dihydrogen to the chlor-alkali reactor;
wherein: (i) the generating of the hydrochloric acid uses a second portion of the volume of dihydrogen; and (ii) the changing of the rate of production of the volume of hydrochloric acid includes changing the first portion relative to the second portion.
5. The method of claim 4 , further comprising:
capturing a first portion of the volume of chlorine gas;
wherein: (i) the generating of the volume of hydrochloric acid uses a second portion of the volume of chlorine gas; and (ii) the changing of the rate of production of the volume of hydrochloric acid includes changing the first portion of the volume of chlorine gas relative to the second portion of the volume of chlorine gas.
6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
separating, using a liquid-gas separator, the volume of dihydrogen into a gaseous output stream from the output stream of the carbon monoxide electrolyzer; and
separating, using a gas separator, the volume of dihydrogen from the gaseous output stream.
7. The method of claim 6 , further comprising:
separating, using the gas separator, a volume of ethylene from the gaseous output stream;
generating a volume of ethylene dichloride using an ethylene chlorination reactor, the volume of hydrochloric acid, and the volume of ethylene; and
generating a volume of vinyl chloride using an ethylene dichloride to vinyl chloride reactor and the volume of ethylene dichloride.
8. The method of claim 7 , further comprising:
separating, a second volume of hydrochloric acid from an output stream of the vinyl chloride reactor;
wherein: (i) the output stream of the carbon monoxide electrolyzer includes a volume of carboxylates; and (ii) the acidifying of the output stream of the carbon monoxide electrolyzer converts the volume of carboxylates to a volume of carboxylic acid.
9. The method of claim 7 , further comprising:
separating a second volume of hydrochloric acid from an output stream of the vinyl chloride reactor.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the output stream includes a volume of carboxylates;
the acidifying of the output stream converts the volume of carboxylates to a volume of carboxylic acid; and
the method further comprises: distilling a volume of acetic acid from the volume of carboxylic acid; and
generating a volume of vinyl acetate using a vinyl acetate synthesis reactor, the volume of acetic acid, a volume of ethylene, and a volume of oxygen.
11. A method comprising:
generating a volume of a metal hydroxide and a volume of chlorine gas using a metal salt and a chlor-alkali reactor;
generating an output stream using a volume of carbon monoxide and a carbon monoxide electrolyzer, wherein the volume of metal hydroxide is an electrolyte of the carbon monoxide electrolyzer;
supplying the volume of metal hydroxide to the carbon monoxide electrolyzer to be used as the electrolyte of the carbon monoxide electrolyzer;
generating a volume of dihydrogen using the carbon monoxide electrolyzer;
separating the volume of dihydrogen from the output stream of the carbon monoxide electrolyzer;
generating a volume of hydrochloric acid using a hydrochloric acid reactor, the volume of dihydrogen, and the volume of chlorine gas;
acidifying the output stream of the carbon monoxide electrolyzer using the volume of hydrochloric acid, wherein the output stream includes the electrolyte;
converting, via the acidifying, a metal hydroxide in the output stream into a volume of the metal salt; and
supplying the volume of the metal salt to the chlor-alkali reactor.
12. The method of claim 11 , whereby:
the output stream includes a volume of carboxylates; and
the acidifying of the output stream converts the volume of carboxylates to a volume of carboxylic acid.
13. The method of claim 12 , further comprising:
generating a volume of acetate using the carbon monoxide electrolyzer and the volume of carbon monoxide; and
changing a rate of production of the volume of hydrochloric acid based on a rate of production of the acetate, wherein the rate of production of the volume of hydrochloric acid is increased when the rate of production of the acetate increases, and wherein the rate of production of the volume of hydrochloric acid is decreased when the rate of production of the acetate decreases.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein:
the generating of the volume of dihydrogen uses the volume of carbon monoxide;
the method further comprises supplying a first portion of the volume of dihydrogen to the chlor-alkali reactor;
the generating of the hydrochloric acid uses a second portion of the volume of dihydrogen; and
the changing of the rate of production of the volume of hydrochloric acid includes changing the first portion relative to the second portion.
15. The method of claim 14 , further comprising:
capturing a first portion of the volume of chlorine gas;
wherein: (i) the generating of the hydrochloric acid uses a second portion of the volume of chlorine gas; and (ii) the changing of the rate of production of the volume of hydrochloric acid includes changing the first portion of the volume of chlorine gas relative to the second portion of the volume of chlorine gas.
16. The method of claim 11 , further comprising:
separating a volume of ethylene from the output stream;
generating a volume of ethylene dichloride using an ethylene chlorination reactor and the volume of ethylene; and
generating a volume of vinyl chloride using an ethylene dichloride to vinyl chloride reactor and the volume of ethylene dichloride.
17. The method of claim 16 , further comprising:
separating a second volume of hydrochloric acid from an output stream of the ethylene dichloride to vinyl chloride reactor.
18. The method of claim 11 , further comprising:
generating a volume of oxygen using the carbon monoxide electrolyzer;
separating a volume of ethylene from the output stream; and
generating a volume of vinyl acetate using a vinyl acetate synthesis reactor, a volume of acetic acid, the volume of ethylene, and the volume of oxygen;
wherein: (i) the output stream includes a volume of carboxylates; (ii) the acidifying of the output stream converts the volume of carboxylates to a volume of carboxylic acid; and (iii) the volume of acetic acid is distilled from the volume of carboxylic acid.
19. A method comprising:
generating a volume of chlorine gas using a chlor-alkali reactor;
generating a volume of dihydrogen using a carbon monoxide electrolyzer;
separating the volume of dihydrogen from an output stream of the carbon monoxide electrolyzer;
generating a volume of acetate, in the output stream, using the carbon monoxide electrolyzer and a volume of carbon monoxide;
generating a volume of hydrochloric acid using a hydrochloric acid reactor, the volume of dihydrogen, and the volume of chlorine gas;
acidifying the output stream of the carbon monoxide electrolyzer using the volume of hydrochloric acid;
converting, via the acidifying, a metal hydroxide in the output stream into a volume of a metal salt;
converting, via the acidifying, the volume of acetate in the output stream into a volume of acetic acid;
separating the volume of the metal salt from the volume of acetic acid;
supplying the volume of the metal salt to the chlor-alkali reactor;
generating a volume of the metal hydroxide using the volume of the metal salt and the chlor-alkali reactor; and
supplying the volume of the metal hydroxide to the carbon monoxide electrolyzer to be used as an electrolyte.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein:
the generating of the volume of dihydrogen uses the volume of carbon monoxide;
the method further comprises supplying a first portion of the volume of dihydrogen to the chlor-alkali reactor and changing a rate of production of the volume of hydrochloric acid;
the generating of the volume of hydrochloric acid uses a second portion of the volume of dihydrogen; and
the changing of the rate of production of the volume of hydrochloric acid includes changing the first portion relative to the second portion.
21. The method of claim 19 , further comprising:
capturing a first portion of the volume of chlorine gas; and
changing a rate of production of the hydrochloric acid;
wherein: (i) the generating of the hydrochloric acid uses a second portion of the volume of chlorine gas; and (ii) the changing of the rate of production of the volume of hydrochloric acid includes changing the first portion relative to the second portion.
22. The method of claim 21 , wherein:
the generating of the volume of dihydrogen uses the volume of carbon monoxide.
23. The method of claim 19 , further comprising:
generating a volume of chlorine gas using the chlor-alkali reactor;
separating a volume of ethylene from the output stream of the carbon monoxide electrolyzer;
generating a volume of ethylene dichloride using an ethylene chlorination reactor, the volume of chlorine gas, and the volume of ethylene; and
generating a volume of vinyl chloride using an ethylene dichloride to vinyl chloride reactor and the volume of ethylene dichloride.
24. The method of claim 23 , further comprising:
separating a second volume of hydrochloric acid from an output stream of the ethylene dichloride to vinyl chloride reactor.
25. The method of claim 19 , further comprising:
generating a volume of oxygen using the carbon monoxide electrolyzer;
separating a volume of ethylene from the output stream of the carbon monoxide electrolyzer; and
generating a volume of vinyl acetate using a vinyl acetate synthesis reactor, the volume of acetic acid, the volume of ethylene, and the volume of oxygen.