Carbon dioxide removal systems using a geothermal heat source
In a general aspect, a carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) removal system uses geothermal energy. In some implementations, a method to remove CO 2 gas from a gaseous feed includes directing a gaseous feed to interact with an alkaline capture solution in a first gas-liquid contactor. A first portion of CO 2 from the gaseous feed dissolves into the alkaline capture solution to form a CO 2 -rich alkaline capture solution. Steam is generated using heat from a geothermal heat source, and the steam heats the CO 2 -rich alkaline capture solution in a second gas-liquid contactor. A second portion of the CO 2 is separated from the CO 2 -rich alkaline capture solution in the second gas-liquid contactor to form a CO 2 -lean alkaline capture solution. The CO 2 -lean alkaline capture solution is directed to the first gas-liquid contactor.
1. A method to remove carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) gas from a gaseous feed, the method comprising:
directing a gaseous feed to interact with an alkaline capture solution in a first gas-liquid contactor, thereby causing a first portion of CO 2 from the gaseous feed to dissolve into the alkaline capture solution to form a CO 2 -rich alkaline capture solution, the alkaline capture solution comprising:
an aqueous ionic base,
a phase transfer catalyst,
an amine or a mixture of amines, and
a carboxylic acid salt of an amino acid or a mixture of carboxylic acid salts of amino acids;
generating steam using heat from a geothermal heat source;
using the steam to heat the CO 2 -rich alkaline capture solution in a second gas-liquid contactor, wherein a second portion of CO 2 is separated from the CO 2 -rich alkaline capture solution in the second gas-liquid contactor to form a CO 2 -lean alkaline capture solution; and
directing the CO 2 -lean alkaline capture solution to the first gas-liquid contactor.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the geothermal heat source comprises a geothermal working fluid, and generating steam using heat from a geothermal heat source comprises:
passing the CO 2 -lean alkaline capture solution from the second gas-liquid contactor to a reboiler heater; and
passing the geothermal working fluid through the reboiler heater, wherein the reboiler heater transfers heat from the geothermal working fluid to the CO 2 -lean alkaline capture solution to generate the steam.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein directing the CO 2 -lean alkaline capture solution to the first gas-liquid contactor comprises:
passing the CO 2 -lean alkaline capture solution to the first gas-liquid contactor from the reboiler heater.
4. The method of claim 3 , comprising:
passing the CO 2 -lean alkaline capture solution from the reboiler heater through a heat exchanger; and
passing the CO 2 -rich alkaline capture solution from the first gas-liquid contactor through the heat exchanger, wherein the heat exchanger transfers heat from the CO 2 -lean alkaline capture solution to the CO 2 -rich alkaline capture solution.
5. The method of claim 4 , comprising:
prior to passing the CO 2 -rich alkaline capture solution from the first gas-liquid contactor through the heat exchanger and prior to directing the CO 2 -lean alkaline capture solution to the first gas-liquid contactor,
passing the CO 2 -rich alkaline capture solution from the first gas-liquid contactor and the CO 2 -lean alkaline capture solution from the reboiler heater through a crystallization drum;
by operation of the crystallization drum, generating a first output stream comprising a slurry and a second output stream comprising a liquid;
directing the first output stream to the second gas-liquid contactor; and
directing the second output stream to the first gas-liquid contactor.
6. The method of claim 2 , comprising:
at a heat pump, receiving the geothermal working fluid at a first temperature; and
by operation of the heat pump, heating a heat pump fluid to a second temperature using heat from the geothermal working fluid, wherein the first temperature is less than the second temperature.
7. The method of claim 2 , comprising:
passing the geothermal working fluid from the reboiler heater through a heat exchanger; and
passing the CO 2 -rich alkaline capture solution from the first gas-liquid contactor through the heat exchanger, wherein the heat exchanger transfers heat from the geothermal working fluid to the CO 2 -rich alkaline capture solution.
8. The method of claim 1 , comprising:
passing a gas exhaust stream from the second gas-liquid contactor through a condenser to remove water from the gas exhaust stream;
collecting the water removed from the gas exhaust stream in a reflux drum; and
passing the water from the reflux drum to the second gas-liquid contactor.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the geothermal heat source comprises a geothermal working fluid.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the geothermal working fluid comprises a brine solution.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the gaseous feed is directed to interact with the alkaline capture solution in the first gas-liquid contactor at a partial pressure of CO 2 in a range of 10 −8 to 10 8 psig.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the geothermal heat source comprises a geothermal working fluid from a sedimentary geothermal resource.