Acid treatment method for making bioderived wearable film
A bio-derived wearable film includes an acid-hydrolyzed palm stem pith, a starch, a cellulose, a synthetic polymer, a plant hydrogel, glycerin, and a dye, and a method of producing the bio-derived wearable film. The bio-wearable film has a water absorption of 0.00 to 0.16% measured according to ASTM D570; a carbonate content of 100 to 200 ppm; and shows no cracks when tested according to ASTM D5419.
1. An acid treatment method of producing a bio-derived wearable film, the method comprising
washing palm stem pith with a sodium hypochlorite solution; then
blending the palm stem pith and water to form a raw plant mixture;
heating the raw plant mixture to form a cooked plant mixture;
acid treating the cooked plant mixture with an aqueous inorganic acid selected from the group consisting of nitric acid, sulfuric acid, and phosphoric acid at 30 to 60° C. to form a treated plant mixture;
mixing the treated plant mixture with a starch, a cellulose, a synthetic polymer, a plant hydrogel, glycerin, and a dye to form an uncured mixture;
adjusting a pH of the uncured mixture to a pH of 6.5 to 8.5;
heating the uncured mixture to 125 to 175° C. to form a cured mixture; and
drying the cured mixture at 60 to 100° C. to form the bio-derived wearable film.
2. The method of claim 1 ,
wherein the dye is a flower dye obtained by:
blending a flower in the genus Bougainvillea and water to form a flower extract;
adding ethanol to the flower extract to form a raw dye mixture; and
heating the raw dye mixture to 25 to 65° C. to produce the dye,
wherein the palm stem pith is undried date palm stem pith,
wherein aqueous acid is 80% sulfuric acid,
wherein the starch is present in an amount of 5 to 15 wt. %;
wherein the synthetic polymer is present in an amount of 2.5 to 7.5 wt. %;
wherein the plant hydrogel is present in an amount of 12.5 to 22.5 wt. %;
wherein the glycerin is present in an amount of 3.5 to 8.5 wt. %; and
wherein the treated plant mixture is present in an amount of 31.5 to 76.5 wt. %,
wherein wt. % is based on a total weight of the bio-derived wearable film,
wherein the synthetic polymer is polyvinyl chloride,
wherein the plant hydrogel comprises aloe vera gel, okra gel, and acacia arabica gel,
wherein the bio-derived wearable film comprises 32.5 to 45 wt. % cellulose based on a total weight of bio-derived wearable film, has a tensile modulus of 0.25 to 2.0 GPa, and has a tensile strength of 50 to 100 MPa/kg·m 3 ;
wherein the cellulose is in the form of nanofibrils having a diameter of 5-10 nm and a length of less than 100 nm; and
wherein the starch is a functionalized with a secondary alkyl xanthate.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the raw plant mixture is heated to 125 to 175° C. at 15 to 45 PSI gauge.
4. The method of claim 1 , the aqueous acid is 80% sulfuric acid.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein
the starch is present in an amount of 5 to 15 wt. %;
the synthetic polymer is present in an amount of 2.5 to 7.5 wt. %;
the plant hydrogel is present in an amount of 12.5 to 22.5 wt. %;
the glycerin is present in an amount of 3.5 to 8.5 wt. %; and
the treated plant mixture is present in an amount of 31.5 to 76.5 wt. %, each based on a total weight of the bio-derived wearable film.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the synthetic polymer is polyvinyl chloride.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plant hydrogel comprises aloe vera gel, okra gel, and acacia arabica gel.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the dye is a dye derived from a flower in the genus Bougainvillea and the method further comprises:
blending a flower in the genus Bougainvillea and water to form a flower extract;
adding ethanol to the flower extract to form a raw dye mixture; and
heating the raw dye mixture to 25 to 65° C. to produce the dye.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the bio-derived wearable film comprises nanocellulose having a mean particle size of 10 to 35 nm.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the bio-derived wearable film comprises 32.5 to 45 wt % cellulose based on a total weight of bio-derived wearable film,
has a tensile modulus of 0.25 to 2.0 GPa, and
has a tensile strength of 50 to 100 MPa/kg·m 3 .