Glass vessel
The invention relates to a glass vessel having at least one wall and manufactured from a base material which is an alkali-containing silicate glass. It is a feature of the glass vessel that at least a surface layer is enriched in potassium and depleted of sodium and/or lithium, while an inner layer, especially one directly adjoining the surface layer, is not enriched in potassium and not depleted of sodium and/or lithium, and that the glass vessel has compressive stress up to a compressive stress depth and tensile stress beyond the compressive stress depth, wherein the tensile stress rises with increasing depth up to a tensile stress maximum within the inner layer and/or wherein the progression of the tensile stress as a function of depth does not have a linear section and/or wherein the progression of the tensile stress as a function of depth does not have a section in which tensile stress is constant.
1. A glass container ( 7 ) which has at least one wall ( 8 ) and which is made of a base material which is an alkali-containing silicate glass, characterized in that
a. at least one surface layer ( 10 ) is enriched in potassium and depleted in sodium and/or lithium, while an inner layer ( 11 ) directly bordering the surface layer ( 10 ), is not enriched in potassium and not depleted in sodium and/or lithium, and in that
b. the glass container ( 7 ), down to a compressive stress depth ( 2 ), has a compressive stress ( 3 ) and beyond the compressive stress depth ( 2 ) has a tensile stress ( 4 ), where the tensile stress ( 4 ) rises with increasing depth up to a tensile stress maximum disposed in the inner layer ( 11 ) and/or where the profile of the tensile stress ( 4 ) as a function of the depth has no linear portion and/or where the profile of the tensile stress ( 4 ) as a function of the depth has no portion in which the tensile stress ( 4 ) is constant.
2. The glass container ( 7 ) as claimed in claim 1 , characterized in that the surface layer ( 10 ) has a thickness in the range from 0.5 μm to 60 μm, more particularly in the range from 0.5 μm to 30 μm, more particularly in the range from 0.5 μm to 15 μm.
3. The glass container ( 7 ) as claimed in claim 1 , characterized in that the glass container ( 7 ) has at least one wall ( 8 ) having two surface layers ( 10 ) which more particularly are parallel to one another.
4. The glass container ( 7 ) as claimed in claim 1 , characterized in that
a. each of the two surface layers ( 10 ) is enriched in potassium and depleted in sodium and/or lithium, while an inner layer disposed between the surface layers ( 10 ) is not enriched in potassium and not depleted in sodium and/or lithium, and in that
b. the wall ( 8 ) on each of both sides, down to a compressive stress depth, has a compressive stress ( 3 ) and beyond the compressive stress depth ( 2 ) has a tensile stress ( 4 ), where the tensile stress ( 4 ) rises with increasing depth up to a tensile stress maximum disposed in the inner layer ( 11 ) and/or where the profile of the tensile stress ( 4 ) as a function of the depth has no linear portion and/or where the profile of the tensile stress ( 4 ) as a function of the depth does not have a portion in which the tensile stress ( 4 ) is constant.
5. The glass container ( 7 ) as claimed in claim 1 , characterized in that the tensile stress maximum is disposed centrically between the surface layers ( 10 ).
6. The glass container ( 7 ) as claimed in claim 1 , characterized in that the tensile stress maximum is disposed eccentrically between the surface layers ( 10 ).
7. The glass container ( 7 ) as claimed in claim 3 , characterized in that
a. only a first of the two surface layers ( 10 ) is enriched in potassium and depleted in sodium and/or lithium, while a second of the two surface layers ( 10 ) and an inner layer ( 11 ) disposed between the two surface layers ( 10 ) are not enriched in potassium and not depleted in sodium and/or lithium, and in that
b. the wall ( 8 ), more particularly on each of both sides, down to a compressive stress depth ( 2 ), has a compressive stress ( 3 ) and beyond the compressive stress depth ( 2 ) has a tensile stress ( 4 ), where the tensile stress ( 4 ) rises with increasing depth up to a tensile stress maximum disposed in the inner layer and/or where the profile of the tensile stress ( 4 ) as a function of the depth has no linear portion and/or where the profile of the tensile stress ( 4 ) as a function of the depth does not have a portion in which the tensile stress ( 4 ) is constant.
8. The glass container ( 7 ) as claimed in claim 7 , characterized in that the tensile stress maximum is disposed eccentrically between the surface layers ( 10 ).
9. The glass container ( 7 ) as claimed in claim 3 , characterized in that the wall ( 8 ) has a thickness in the range from 0.5 mm to 5 mm, or in that the wall ( 8 ) has a thickness of more than 1.5 mm.
10. The glass container ( 7 ) as claimed in claim 1 , characterized in that the strength of the glass container ( 7 ) is at least 1.5 times higher than the strength of an identical glass container of identical shape and size and identical base material as the glass container ( 7 ), that does not have the features of the characterizing clause of claim 1 .
11. The glass container ( 7 ) as claimed in claim 1 , characterized in that the surface layer ( 10 ) has an increased hardness by comparison with the inner layer ( 11 ) and/or in that the surface layer ( 10 ) has a Martens hardness, more particularly measured in accordance with DIN EN ISO 14577-1 under a test force of 2N, in the range from 3500 N/mm 2 to 3900 N/mm 2 .
12. The glass container ( 7 ) as claimed in claim 1 , characterized in that in the surface layer ( 10 ) the fraction by mass of potassium down to a depth in the range from 0.5 μm to 10 μm is greater than the total fraction by mass of sodium and lithium and in that the fraction by mass of potassium beyond a depth in the range from 0.5 μm to 10 μm is less than the total fraction by mass of sodium and lithium.
13. The glass container ( 7 ) as claimed in claim 1 , characterized in that the depletion of sodium and/or lithium in the potassium-enriched surface layer down to a depth of at least one quarter of the thickness of the surface layer is at least 50 percent by mass.
14. The glass container ( 7 ) as claimed in claim 1 , characterized in that the glass container ( 7 ) or at least one portion of the glass container ( 7 ) has a tubular embodiment.
15. The glass container ( 7 ) as claimed in claim 1 , characterized in that the glass container ( 7 ) is embodied as packaging glass, more particularly as a yoghurt jar or jam jar or preserve jar, or as a drinking glass, more particularly wine glass, or stem glass or beer glass or champagne glass or cocktail glass, or as a bottle, more particularly as a drinking bottle or beverage bottle or sparkling wine bottle or beer bottle or wine bottle.
16. The glass container ( 7 ) as claimed in claim 1 , characterized in that the glass container ( 7 ) has a rotationally symmetrical embodiment.
17. The glass container ( 7 ) as claimed in claim 1 , characterized in that the glass container ( 7 ), more particularly in a horizontal cross section, has an angular shape, more particularly a square shape.
18. The glass container ( 7 ) as claimed in claim 1 , characterized in that the glass material is an alkali metal-alkaline earth metal silicate glass, especially a soda-lime glass or a borosilicate glass.
19. The glass container ( 7 ) as claimed in claim 9 , characterized in that the wall ( 8 ) has a thickness in the range from 1 mm to 3 mm.
20. The glass container ( 7 ) as claimed in claim 19 , characterized in that the wall ( 8 ) has a thickness in the range from 1.5 mm to 3 mm.