Wet preparation of radiotherapy sources
A method of accumulating radium radionuclides, comprising providing a first solution including thorium radionuclides and a thorium-binding extractant, wherein the first solution does not bind to radium, allowing a portion of the thorium radionuclides in the first solution to decay into radium atoms and collecting radium atoms resulting from the decay. The collected radium atoms may be included in a solution in which brachytherapy sources are dipped, in a manner which collects the radium atoms onto the source.
1. A method of accumulating radium radionuclides, comprising:
providing a first solution including thorium radionuclides and a thorium-binding extractant, wherein the first solution does not bind to radium, such that radium atoms resulting from decay of the thorium diffuse out of the first solution;
allowing a portion of the thorium radionuclides in the first solution to decay into radium atoms;
allowing the radium atoms to diffuse out of the first solution; and
collecting radium atoms resulting from the decay that diffused out of the first solution, from out of the first solution,
wherein providing the first solution comprises introducing the first solution into a chamber with a second solution, which does not mix with the first solution, such that the decay radium atoms diffuse into the second solution, and
wherein the first solution is lighter than the second solution.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the thorium-binding extractant comprises TOPO (tri-octyl phosphine Oxide).
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein collecting the radium atoms comprises collecting the radium atoms into a second solution.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein collecting the radium atoms comprises collecting the radium atoms onto a brachytherapy source.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein collecting the radium atoms comprises collecting the radium atoms into a second solution and dipping the brachytherapy source into the second solution.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein providing the first solution comprises providing a solution including a diluent having a low level of solubility with the second solution.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the diluent has a specific weight lower than the specific weight of water.
8. The method of claim 6 , wherein the diluent comprises cyclohexane.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second solution comprises a salt solution.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein allowing a portion of the thorium radionuclides to decay into radium atoms comprises leaving the first solution in a chamber with walls from a material which attracts radium for a decay period, and wherein collecting the radium atoms comprises washing the radium atoms off the walls using a salt solution.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein allowing a portion of the thorium radionuclides to decay into radium atoms comprises placing the first solution in a chamber from which radium atoms are detachable without using an acid of pH lower than 4.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein providing the first solution comprises:
providing a separation solution of a diluent having a low level of solubility and a thorium-binding extractant;
combining the prepared separation solution with an initial solution including thorium radionuclides, so that thorium radionuclides from the initial solution bind to the thorium-binding extractant; and
separating the separation solution from the initial solution, to form the first solution.
13. The method of claim 4 , and comprising coating the brachytherapy source with a protective coating which prevents the radium atoms from detaching from the source, but allows daughter nuclei of the radium atoms to leave the source upon decay of the radium atoms.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein coating the brachytherapy source with a protective coating comprises coating by polysulfone or Polydimethylsiloxane.
15. The method of claim 13 , wherein coating the brachytherapy source with a protective coating comprises coating by alumina.
16. The method of claim 5 , and comprising coating the brachytherapy source with manganese oxide prior to dipping the source into the second solution.
17. The method of claim 16 , and comprising heating the brachytherapy source and allowing it to slowly cool, after coating the brachytherapy source with manganese oxide.
18. The method of claim 5 , wherein the brachytherapy source comprises a manganese oxide source.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein the thorium radionuclides remain in the first solution while the radium atoms diffuse out of the first solution.