Epinephrine spray formulations
Provided herein are epinephrine spray formulations. Also provided herein are methods of treating anaphylaxis by administering epinephrine spray formulations to subjects in need of such treatment.
1. A nasal delivery device adapted for delivery of a pharmaceutical nasal spray formulation into a nostril of a human subject, the nasal delivery device comprising:
a vial containing from about 125 μL to about 250 μL of the pharmaceutical nasal spray formulation;
a cannula;
a rubber stopper; and
a plunger,
wherein the pharmaceutical nasal spray formulation comprises
(a) from about 1% to about 10% (w/w) of epinephrine, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in water;
(b) from about 0.01% to about 0.1% (w/w) of sodium bisulfite or sodium metabisulfite;
(c) chlorobutanol or chlorobutanol hemihydrate; and
(d) one or more of an absorption enhancer, a viscosity modifier, a buffering agent, an isotonicity agent,
wherein the pharmaceutical nasal spray formation has a weight ratio of the epinephrine or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to the chlorobutanol or chlorobutanol hemihydrate of about 12:1 to about 30:1;
wherein the rubber stopper is configured to occlude an opening of the vial, and the cannula is configured to pierce the rubber stopper when the plunger applies sufficient force to the cannula; and
wherein the nasal delivery device is configured to administer the pharmaceutical nasal spray formulation into a nostril of a human subject as one or two nasal sprays.
2. The nasal delivery device of claim 1 , wherein the formulation comprises no more than about 4% total impurities after storage for a period of one month at a temperature of about 40° C.
3. The nasal delivery device of claim 2 , wherein the pharmaceutical nasal spray formulation comprises from about 0.2% to about 0.5% (w/w) of the chlorobutanol or chlorobutanol hemihydrate.
4. The nasal delivery device of claim 3 , wherein the pharmaceutical nasal spray formulation comprises:
(i) about 1% (w/w) of the absorption enhancer, wherein the absorption enhancer comprises diethylene glycol monoethyl ether; and
(ii) from about 0.01% to about 0.2% (w/w) of the viscosity modifier, wherein the viscosity modifier comprises hypromellose.
5. The nasal delivery device of claim 4 , wherein the pharmaceutical nasal spray formulation comprises from about 0.1% to about 1% (w/w) of the buffering agent, wherein the buffering agent comprises citric acid, citric acid monohydrate, sodium phosphate, sodium citrate, or any combination thereof.
6. The nasal delivery device of claim 5 , wherein the pharmaceutical nasal spray formulation comprises from about 0.1 to about 1% (w/w) of the isotonicity agent, wherein the isotonicity agent comprises sodium chloride.
7. The nasal delivery device of claim 6 , wherein the pH of the pharmaceutical nasal spray formulation is about 4.0 to about 6.5.
8. The nasal delivery device of claim 7 , wherein the device is configured to deliver from about 50 μL to about 250 μL of the pharmaceutical nasal spray formulation from the vial upon each actuation of the device.
9. The nasal delivery device of claim 8 , wherein the device is configured to deliver about 2 mg, about 3 mg, about 4 mg, about 5 mg, about 6 mg, about 7 mg, or about 8 mg of epinephrine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof from the vial upon each actuation of the device.
10. The nasal delivery device of claim 9 , wherein the device is configured to deliver about 2 mg of epinephrine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof from the vial upon each actuation of the device.
11. The nasal delivery device of claim 9 , wherein the pharmaceutical nasal spray formulation comprises about 2% (w/w) of the epinephrine, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in water.
12. The nasal delivery device of claim 9 , wherein the device is configured to deliver about 6 mg of the epinephrine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof from the vial upon each actuation of the device.
13. The nasal delivery device of claim 9 , wherein the pharmaceutical nasal spray formulation comprises about 6.5% (w/w) of the epinephrine, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in water.
14. The nasal delivery device of claim 2 , wherein the pharmaceutical nasal spray formulation comprises no more than about 2% total impurities after storage for a period of one month at a temperature of about 40° C.
15. The nasal delivery device of claim 1 , wherein the nasal delivery device is a pre-primed device that is configured to be actuatable with one hand.
16. The nasal delivery device of claim 15 , wherein the nasal delivery device is configured to deliver from about 1 mg to 10 mg of the epinephrine or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof from the vial upon each actuation of the device.
17. The nasal delivery device of claim 16 , wherein the nasal delivery device is configured to deliver about 2 mg of the epinephrine or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof from the vial upon each actuation of the device.
18. The nasal delivery device of claim 16 , wherein the nasal delivery device is configured to deliver about 6 mg of the epinephrine or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof from the vial upon each actuation of the device.
19. The nasal delivery device of claim 1 , wherein the pharmaceutical nasal spray formulation comprises no more than about 4% total impurities after storage for a period of one month at a temperature of about 40° C.
20. The nasal delivery device of claim 19 , wherein the pharmaceutical nasal spray formulation comprises from about 0.2% to about 0.5% (w/w) of the chlorobutanol or chlorobutanol hemihydrate.
21. The nasal delivery device of claim 19 , wherein the pharmaceutical nasal spray formulation comprises:
(i) about 1% (w/w) of the absorption enhancer, wherein the absorption enhancer comprises diethylene glycol monoethyl ether; and
(ii) from about 0.01% to about 0.2% (w/w) of the viscosity modifier, wherein the viscosity modifier comprises hypromellose.
22. The nasal delivery device of claim 21 , wherein the pharmaceutical nasal spray formulation comprises from about 0.1% to about 1% (w/w) of the buffering agent, wherein the buffering agent comprises citric acid, citric acid monohydrate, sodium phosphate, sodium citrate, or any combination thereof.
23. A nasal delivery device adapted for delivery of a pharmaceutical nasal spray formulation into a nostril of a human subject, the nasal delivery device comprising:
a vial containing from about 125 μL to about 250 μL of the pharmaceutical nasal spray formulation;
a cannula;
a rubber stopper; and
a plunger,
wherein the pharmaceutical nasal spray formulation comprises
(a) from about 1% to about 10% (w/w) of epinephrine, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in water;
(b) from about 0.1% to about 2% (w/w) of absorption enhancer, wherein the absorption enhancer comprises diethylene glycol monoethyl ether;
(c) from about 0.01% to about 2% (w/w) of viscosity modifier, wherein the viscosity modifier comprises polyethylene glycol, methylcellulose, hypromellose, or any combination thereof;
(d) from 0.01% to about 0.5% (w/w) of an antioxidant, wherein the antioxidant is sodium bisulfite or sodium metabisulfite;
(e) from about 0.01% to about 1% (w/w) of an antimicrobial preservative, wherein the antimicrobial preservative is chlorobutanol or chlorobutanol hemihydrate;
(f) from about 0.01% to about 2% (w/w) of a buffering agent, wherein the buffering agent is citric acid, citrate, citric acid monohydrate, sodium phosphate, or sodium citrate; and
(g) from about 0.1% to about 1.0% (w/w) of sodium chloride,
wherein the pharmaceutical nasal spray formation comprises no more than about 4% total impurities after storage for a period of one month at a temperature of about 40° C.; and
wherein the pharmaceutical nasal spray formation has a weight ratio of the epinephrine or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to the chlorobutanol or chlorobutanol hemihydrate of about 12:1 to about 30:1;
wherein the rubber stopper is configured to occlude an opening of the vial, and the cannula is configured to pierce the rubber stopper when the plunger applies sufficient force to the cannula; and
wherein the nasal delivery device is configured to administer the pharmaceutical nasal spray formulation into a nostril of a human subject as one or two nasal sprays.
24. The nasal delivery device of claim 23 , wherein the pharmaceutical nasal spray formulation comprises about 2% (w/w) of epinephrine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
25. The nasal delivery device of claim 24 , wherein the pharmaceutical nasal spray formulation comprises
(a) from about 0.1% to about 2% (w/w) of diethylene glycol monoethyl ether;
(b) from about 0.01% to about 0.2% (w/w) of hypromellose;
(c) from about 0.01% to about 0.1% (w/w) of sodium bisulfite or sodium metabisulfite;
(d) from about 0.1% to about 1.0% (w/w) of chlorobutanol hemihydrate;
(e) from about 0.1% to about 1% (w/w) of citric acid monohydrate; and
(f) from about 0.1% to about 1% (w/w) of sodium chloride.
26. The nasal delivery device of claim 23 , wherein the pharmaceutical nasal spray formulation comprises about 6% (w/w) of epinephrine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
27. The nasal delivery device of claim 26 , wherein the pharmaceutical nasal spray formulation comprises
(g) from about 0.1% to about 2% (w/w) of diethylene glycol monoethyl ether;
(h) from about 0.01% to about 0.2% (w/w) of hypromellose;
(i) from about 0.01% to about 0.1% (w/w) of sodium bisulfite or sodium metabisulfite;
(j) from about 0.1% to about 1.0% (w/w) of chlorobutanol hemihydrate;
(k) from about 0.1% to about 1% (w/w) of citric acid monohydrate; and
(l) from about 0.1% to about 1% (w/w) of sodium chloride.