Two-part epoxy adhesive with working life color change indicator
A two-part epoxy adhesive comprises a Part A and a Part B. Part A comprises, based on the total weight of components a) and b): a) 99.5 to 99.99 weight percent of at least one curable epoxy resin; and b) 0.01 to 0.5 weight percent of at least one pH indicator dye exhibiting an abrupt color change from colorless to a color in the pH range of 8.0-10.6. Part B comprises, based on the total weight of components c)-f): c) 89 to 97 weight percent of at least one aliphatic primary polyamine; d) 1 to 3 weight percent of at least one tris(2,4,6-dialkylaminoalkyl)phenol having from 13 to 24 carbon atoms; e) 1 to 3 weight percent of at least one aliphatic tertiary 1,3-bis(N,N-dialkylaminoalkyl)urea having from 6 to 24 carbon atoms; and f) 1 to 5 weight percent at least one of an alkali metal nitrate or an alkaline earth nitrate. The ratio of the total combined weight of components a) and b) to the total combined weight of components c)-f) is in the range 1.0 to 1.5. A reaction product thereof and a method of bonding are also disclosed.
1. A two-part epoxy adhesive comprising:
a Part A comprising, based on the total weight of components a) and b):
a) 99.5 to 99.99 weight percent of at least one curable epoxy resin;
b) 0.01 to 0.5 weight percent of at least one pH indicator dye exhibiting an abrupt color change from colorless to a color in the pH range of 8.0-10.6; and
a Part B comprising, based on the total weight of components c)-f):
c) 89 to 97 weight percent of at least one aliphatic primary polyamine;
d) 1 to 3 weight percent of at least one tris(2,4,6-dialkylaminoalkyl) phenol having from 13 to 24 carbon atoms;
e) 1 to 3 weight percent of at least one aliphatic tertiary 1,3-bis(N,N-dialkyl-aminoalkyl) urea having from 6 to 24 carbon atoms; and
f) 1 to 5 weight percent at least one of an alkali metal nitrate and an alkaline earth nitrate,
wherein the ratio of the total combined weight of components a) and b) to the total combined weight of components c)-f) is in the range 1.0 to 1.5.
2. The two-part epoxy adhesive of claim 1 , wherein at least one of Part A and Part B further comprises reflective pigment.
3. The two-part epoxy adhesive of claim 2 , wherein the reflective pigment comprises at least one of metal flakes and metal powder.
4. The two-part epoxy adhesive of claim 1 , wherein at least one of Part A and Part B further comprises at least one filler selected from the group consisting of core-shell rubber particles, wollastonite, potassium magnesium aluminum silicate, and polydimethylsilane-surface-functionalized fumed silica.
5. The two-part epoxy adhesive of claim 1 , wherein the at least one pH indicator dye comprises phenolphthalein or a substituted derivative thereof.
6. The two-part epoxy adhesive of claim 5 , wherein the at least one pH indicator dye comprises o-cresolphthalein.
7. The two-part epoxy adhesive of claim 1 , wherein the ratio of the total combined weight of components a) and b) to the total combined weight of components c)-f) is in the range 1.3 to 1.4.
8. The two-part epoxy adhesive of claim 1 , wherein Part A further comprises from 0.001 to 0.5 weight percent bromothymol blue based on the total weight of Part A.
9. A reaction product prepared by mixing Part A and of Part B of the two-part epoxy adhesive of claim 1 .
10. The reaction product of claim 9 , wherein according to ASTM test method D1002-10 (2019) “Standard Test Method for Apparent Shear Strength of Single-Lap-Joint Adhesively Bonded Metal Specimens by Tension Loading (Metal-to-Metal)”, the reaction product has an overlap shear strength of at least 10 megapascals when bonding hot-dipped galvanized steel specimens.
11. The reaction product of claim 9 , wherein the reaction product is flowable and curable, and wherein the reaction product is capable of undergoing a visible color change that indicates curing has advanced to a predetermined working life endpoint of the reaction product.
12. A method of bonding two substrates, the method comprising:
disposing the reaction product of claim 11 between first and second substrates prior to said undergoing the visible color change; and
sufficiently curing the reaction product to form an adhesive bond between the first and second substrates.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein at least one of the first and second substrates comprises steel.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein at least one of the first and second substrates comprises galvanized steel.
15. The method of claim 13 , wherein the method further comprises comparing color of the reaction product against a working time endpoint reference color standard.