IP Library › Granted Patent US 12,321,821
Granted Patent B2
US 12,321,821 · App. 17/460,385 · Granted Jun 3, 2025

All-connected, cavity-mediated quantum computing with local quantum processors

Inventors: Joshua Ramette (Cambridge, MA); Josiah Sinclair (Cambridge, MA); Vladan Vuletic (Cambridge, MA)
Assignee: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
G06N10/00G06F9/30101
View Patent ↗
Loading inventors, assignments & file history…
Monitor This Case
Get email alerts when status or documents change.
Order Certified Copies
Most orders are placed with the USPTO same day — all within 24 business hours.
Order via The Patent Place →
Pre-filled with this patent's details
Quick Facts
Patent No.
US 12,321,821
App. No.
17/460,385
Granted
Jun 3, 2025
Kind
B2
Abstract

An all-to-all coupled, high-fidelity, error-correctable quantum computer can scale to hundreds of qubits within a single cavity of moderate cooperativity with existing neutral atom technology. This quantum processor can enact teleported gates among any pair of qubits using a local Rydberg interaction between each qubit and a separate network of atoms that distribute entanglement via a cavity mode. Small atomic ensembles at network nodes allow for ultrafast, nondestructive readout with high fidelity by substantially shifting the resonance of even a poor-quality cavity. Fast readout enables near-deterministic entanglement distribution among network atoms despite cavity losses as well as syndrome measurements of qubit atoms for error correction.

Claims (44)

1. A method of quantum information processing with a cavity containing a first qubit register, a first network element, a second qubit register, and a second network element, the method comprising:

attempting to entangle the first network element with the second network element via a mode of the cavity;

determining whether the first network element is entangled with the second network element; and

in response to determining that the first network element is entangled with the second network element, enacting a teleported quantum gate on the first qubit register and the second qubit register via the first network element and the second network element.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first network element is a first atom and the second network element is a second atom.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first network element comprises a first trapped ion and the second network element comprises a second trapped ion.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first qubit register and the second qubit register are non-neighboring qubit registers in an array of qubit registers and the first network element and the second network element are non-neighboring network elements in an array of network elements.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein attempting to entangle the first network element with the second network element comprises:

causing the first network element to emit a first photon into the mode of the cavity; and

causing the second network element to absorb the first photon.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein determining whether the first network element is entangled with the second network element comprises measuring the second network element.

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein determining whether the first network element is entangled with the second network element comprises:

causing the second network element to emit a second photon into the mode of the cavity; and

absorbing the second photon by a third network element.

8. The method of claim 1 , wherein enacting the teleported quantum gate occurs with an error of less than 10 −2 .

9. The method of claim 1 , wherein enacting the teleported quantum gate comprises:

performing a first local operation between the first qubit register and the first network element; and

performing a second local operation between the second qubit register and the second network element.

10. The method of claim 9 , wherein performing the first local operation comprises enacting a Rydberg interaction between the first qubit register and the first network element.

11. The method of claim 9 , wherein performing the first local operation comprises enacting a Coulomb interaction between the first qubit register and the first network element.

12. The method of claim 9 , further comprising, before attempting to entangle the first network element with the second network element:

trapping the first qubit register within a Rydberg blockade radius of the first network element; and

trapping the second qubit register within the Rydberg blockade radius of the second network element.

13. The method of claim 9 , further comprising, before attempting to entangle the first network element with the second network element:

trapping the first qubit register within an ion chain containing the first network element; and

trapping the second qubit register within an ion chain containing the second network element.

14. A method of quantum information processing with a first qubit register, a first network element, a second qubit register, and a second network element, the method comprising:

deterministically establishing a Bell pair between the first network element and the second network element;

enacting local gates between the first network element and the first qubit register and between the second network element and the second qubit register;

measuring states of the first network element and the second network element; and

enacting single-qubit gates on the first qubit register and the second qubit register based on the states of the first network element and the second network element,

wherein deterministically establishing the Bell pair between the first network element and the second network element comprises:

transmitting a photon from the first network element to the second network element through a cavity containing the first network element and the second network element;

absorbing the photon at a second network element; and

measuring the second network element to have absorbed the photon to ensure that first network element and the second network element are projected into a Bell state.

15. A method of quantum information processing with a first qubit register, a first network element, a second qubit register, and a second network element, the method comprising:

deterministically establishing a Bell pair between the first network element and the second network element;

enacting local gates between the first network element and the first qubit register and between the second network element and the second qubit register;

measuring states of the first network element and the second network element; and

enacting single-qubit gates on the first qubit register and the second qubit register based on the states of the first network element and the second network element,

wherein deterministically establishing the Bell pair between the first network element and the second network element comprises:

transmitting a photon from the first network element to the second network element via an optical fiber connecting a first cavity containing the first network element and the first qubit register and a second cavity containing the second network element and the second qubit register;

absorbing the photon at the second network element; and

measuring the second network element to have absorbed the photon to ensure that first network element and the second network element are projected into a Bell state.

Assignments (1)
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST Recorded Oct 13, 2021
From: VULETIC, VLADAN; RAMETTE, JOSHUA; SINCLAIR, JOSIAH
To: MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Reel/Frame 057778/0422 →
Continuity (3)
Provisional Application 63169496 · Apr 1, 2021
Provisional Application 63107666 · Oct 30, 2020
Related Publication 20220138608A1 · May 5, 2022
References Cited (60)
US 11119773B1 · Soeken · 2021 [cited by examiner]
US 11475347B1 · Rudolph · 2022 [cited by examiner]
US 11985233B2 · Berend · 2024 [cited by examiner]
US 12093783B1 · Buck, Jr. · 2024 [cited by examiner]
US 20200028312A1 · Monroe · 2020 [cited by examiner]
US 20200372389A1 · Nam · 2020 [cited by examiner]
US 20210374586A1 · Kliuchnikov · 2021 [cited by examiner]
US 20210398009A1 · Vuletic · 2021 [cited by examiner]
US 20220172096A1 · Rudolph · 2022 [cited by examiner]
US 20220222560A1 · Monroe · 2022 [cited by examiner]
US 20220222567A1 · Reagor · 2022 [cited by examiner]
US 20220231844A1 · Berend · 2022 [cited by examiner]
US 20220269301A1 · Hatridge · 2022 [cited by examiner]
US 20230040289A1 · Sels · 2023 [cited by examiner]
US 20240296360A1 · Blumel · 2024 [cited by examiner]
Altman et al. “Quantum Simulators: Architectures and Opportunities.” arXiv e-prints (2019): arXiv-1912, 41 pages. [cited by applicant]
Auger et al. “Blueprint for fault-tolerant quantum computation with Rydberg atoms.” Physical Review A 96.5 (2017): 052320, 6 pages. [cited by applicant]
Bauer et al. “Report on the NSF Workshop on Enabling Quantum Leap: Quantum algorithms for quantum chemistry and materials.” Report on a National Science Foundation Workshop, Alexandria, VA: Jan. 2019, 115 pages. [cited by applicant]
Bernien et al. “Probing many-body dynamics on a 51-atom quantum simulator.” Nature 551.7682 (2017): 579-584. [cited by applicant]
Bombin “Gauge color codes: optimal transversal gates and gauge fixing in topological stabilizer codes.” New Journal of Physics 17.8 (2015): 083002, 14 pages. [cited by applicant]
Borregaard et al., “Efficient quantum computation in a network with probabilistic gates and logical encoding.” arXiv preprint arXiv:1612.06812 (2016). 5 pages. [cited by applicant]
Borregaard et al., “Heralded quantum gates with integrated error detection in optical cavities.” Physical Review Letters 114.11 (2015): 110502. 5 pages. [cited by applicant]
Borregaard et al., “Long-distance entanglement distribution using individual atoms in optical cavities.” arXiv preprint arXiv:1504.03703 (2015). 17 pages. [cited by applicant]
Brask et al., “A Hybrid Long-Distance Entanglement Distribution Protocol.” arXiv preprint arXiv:1004.0083 (2010). 5 pages. [cited by applicant]
Brask et al., “Fast entanglement distribution with atomic ensembles and fluorescent detection.” Physical Review A 81.2 (2010): 020303. 4 pages. [cited by applicant]
Bravyi et al. “A no-go theorem for a two-dimensional self-correcting quantum memory based on stabilizer codes.” New Journal of Physics 11.4 (2009): 043029, 21 pages. [cited by applicant]
Bravyi et al. “Classification of topologically protected gates for local stabilizer codes.” Physical Review Letters 110.17 (2013): 170503, 5 pages. [cited by applicant]
Brion et al., “Quantum repeater with Rydberg-blocked atomic ensembles in fiber-coupled cavities.” Physical Review A 85.4 (2012): 042324. 9 pages. [cited by applicant]
Campbell et al. “Roads towards fault-tolerant universal quantum computation.” Nature 549.7671 (2017): 172-179. [cited by applicant]
Chen et al., “Carving complex many-atom entangled states by single-photon detection.” Physical Review Letters 115.25 (2015): 250502. 5 pages. [cited by applicant]
Childress et al., “Fault-tolerant quantum repeaters with minimal physical resources and implementations based on single-photon emitters.” Physical Review A 72.5 (2005): 052330. 16 pages. [cited by applicant]
Chou et al., “Deterministic teleportation of a quantum gate between two logical qubits.” Nature 561.7723 (2018): 368-373. [cited by applicant]
Cirac et al., “Quantum communication in a quantum network.” Physica Scripta 1998.T76 (1998): 223. 11 pages. [cited by applicant]
Cohen et al., “Deterministic Quantum Network for Distributed Entanglement and Quantum Computation.” arXiv preprint arXiv:1802.08124 (2018). 10 pages. [cited by applicant]
Dennis et al. “Topological quantum memory.” Journal of Mathematical Physics 43.9 (2002): 4452-4505. [cited by applicant]
Duan et al. “Robust quantum gates on neutral atoms with cavity-assisted photon scattering.” Physical Review A 72.3 (2005): 032333, 4 pages. [cited by applicant]
Duan et al., “Scalable trapped ion quantum computation with a probabilistic ion-photon mapping.” arXiv preprint quant-ph/0401020 (2004). 6 pages. [cited by applicant]
Endres et al. “Atom-by-atom assembly of defect-free one-dimensional cold atom arrays.” Science 354.6315 (2016): 1024-1027. [cited by applicant]
Garcia-Alvarez et al. “Digital quantum simulation of minimal AdS/CFT.” Physical Review Letters 119.4 (2017): 040501, 6 pages. [cited by applicant]
Gottesman et al. “Demonstrating the viability of universal quantum computation using teleportation and single-qubit operations.” Nature 402.6760 (1999): 390-393. [cited by applicant]
Jiang et al., “Distributed quantum computation based on small quantum registers.” Physical Review A 76.6 (2007): 062323. 22 pages. [cited by applicant]
Jiang et al., “Scalable Quantum Networks based on Few-Qubit Registers.” arXiv preprint quant-ph/0703029. Nov. 6, 2007. 4 pages. [cited by applicant]
Julsgaard et al., “Measurement-induced two-qubit entanglement in a bad cavity: Fundamental and practical considerations.” arXiv preprint arXiv:1202.4854 (2012). 13 pages. [cited by applicant]
Kastoryano et al., “Dissipative preparation of entanglement in optical cavities.” arXiv preprint arXiv:1011.1441 (2010). 4 pages. [cited by applicant]
Kastoryano et al., “Dissipative preparation of entanglement in optical cavities.” Physical Review Letters 106.9 (2011): 090502. 4 pages. [cited by applicant]
Madjarov et al. “High-fidelity entanglement and detection of alkaline-earth Rydberg atoms.” Nature Physics 16.8 (2020): 857-861. [cited by applicant]
Pedersen et al., “Few qubit atom-light interfaces with collective encoding.” Physical Review A 79.1 (2009): 012320. 5 pages. [cited by applicant]
Pellizzari et al. “Decoherence, continuous observation, and quantum computing: A cavity QED model.” Physical Review Letters 75.21 (1995): 3788, 4 pages. [cited by applicant]
Reiter et al., “Driving two atoms in an optical cavity into an entangled steady state using engineered decay.” New Journal of Physics 14.5 (2012): 053022. 38 pages. [cited by applicant]
Sorensen et al., “Error-free quantum communication through noisy channels.” Physical Review A 58.4 (1998): 2745. 5 pages. [cited by applicant]
Sorensen et al., “Measurement induced entanglement and quantum computation with atoms in optical cavities.” Physical Review Letters 91.9 (2003): 097905. 4 pages. [cited by applicant]
Sorensen et al., “Probabilistic generation of entanglement in optical cavities.” arXiv preprint quant-ph/0206142. Feb. 4, 2003. 5 pages. [cited by applicant]
Sun et al. “Analysis of atom-photon quantum interface with intracavity Rydberg-blocked atomic ensemble via two-photon transition.” Optica 5.12 (2018): 1492-1501. [cited by applicant]
Svore et al. “Local fault-tolerant quantum computation.” Physical Review A 72.2 (2005): 022317, 17 pages. [cited by applicant]
Terhal “Quantum error correction for quantum memories.” Reviews of Modern Physics 87.2 (2015): 307, 40 pages. [cited by applicant]
Van Enk et al., “Ideal quantum communication over noisy channels: a quantum optical implementation.” Physical Review Letters 78.22 (1997): 4293. 4 pages. [cited by applicant]
Van Enk et al., “Purifying two-bit quantum gates and joint measurements in cavity QED.” Physical Review Letters 79.25 (1997): 5178. 4 pages. [cited by applicant]
Volz et al., “Measurement of the internal state of a single atom without energy exchange.” Nature 475.7355 (2011): 210-213. [cited by applicant]
Wade et al. “Single-atom single-photon coupling facilitated by atomic-ensemble dark-state mechanisms.” Physical Review A 94.5 (2016): 053830, 7 pages. [cited by applicant]
Zhao et al., “Efficient quantum repeater based on deterministic Rydberg gates.” arXiv preprint arXiv:1003.1911 (2010). 5 pages. [cited by applicant]
Cited By (1)
US 12,541,579