Composite downhole tools
A variety of methods and apparatus are disclosed, including, in one embodiment, an apparatus comprising a downhole tool for use in a borehole, the downhole tool comprising a composite of thermoplastic and fibers, wherein the fibers reinforce the thermoplastic, and wherein fiber placement gives the composite as favoring the hoop strength over the axial strength.
1. An apparatus comprising:
a downhole tool for use in a borehole, the downhole tool comprising a composite of thermoplastic and fibers, wherein the fibers reinforce the thermoplastic, wherein the composite favors hoop strength over axial strength, wherein winding angles of the fibers give the composite as favoring the hoop strength over the axial strength, wherein the winding angles are greater in an outer radial portion of the composite than in an inner radial portion of the composite, wherein the composite is configured for an axial load less than 10% of hoop stress, and wherein the composite comprises threads; and
wherein the downhole tool has a mandrel comprising the composite or wherein the downhole tool is a pressure housing.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the downhole tool is a packer having the mandrel.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the downhole tool is the pressure housing.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the winding angles are in a range of 80° to 90° for the outer radial portion of the composite and in a range of 35° to 60° for the inner radial portion of the composite.
5. The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the fibers comprise carbon fibers, glass fibers, aramid fibers, boron fibers, metal fibers, ceramic fibers, or thermoplastic fibers, or any combinations thereof, wherein the outer radial portion comprises an outer layer of the composite, and wherein the inner radial portion comprises an inner layer of the composite.
6. The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the thermoplastic comprises PEEK, PEKK, PEI, nylon, PAEK, or polyimide, or any combinations thereof, wherein the winding angles are varied in an axial direction in the inner radial portion, and wherein the downhole tool comprises a liner coupled to the composite.
7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the hoop strength is greater than the axial strength.
8. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the fibers comprise thick ply fibers that are at least 150 grams per square meter (gsm) in the outer radial portion and thin ply fibers that are less than 150 gsm in the inner radial portion.
9. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the thermoplastic comprises polyether ether ketone (PEEK), polyether ketone ketone (PEKK), polyetherimide (PEI), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyaryl ether ketone (PAEK), polyimide, polyamide, nylon, polyurethane, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polyethylene, polycarbonate, polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), or polyvinyl chloride (PVC), or any combinations thereof, and wherein the fibers comprise comingled fibers comprising first fibers comprising a second thermoplastic and second fibers comprising carbon fibers, glass fibers, aramid fibers, ceramic fibers, or boron fibers, or any combinations thereof.
10. An apparatus comprising:
a downhole tool for use in a borehole, the downhole tool comprising a composite of thermoplastic and fibers, wherein the fibers reinforce the thermoplastic, wherein the composite favors hoop strength over axial strength, wherein fiber orientation of the fibers in the composite give the composite as favoring the hoop strength over the axial strength, wherein winding angles of the fibers are greater in an outer radial portion of the composite than in an inner radial portion of the composite, wherein the composite is configured for an axial load less than 10% of hoop stress, and wherein the composite comprises threads; and
wherein the downhole tool is a packer having a mandrel comprising the composite or wherein the downhole tool is a pressure housing.
11. The apparatus of claim 10 , wherein the winding angles are in a range of 80° to 90° for the outer radial portion of the composite and in a range of 35° to 60° for the inner radial portion of the composite, wherein the winding angles are varied in an axial direction in the inner radial portion, wherein the outer radial portion comprises an outer layer of the composite, and wherein the inner radial portion comprises an inner layer of the composite.
12. The apparatus of claim 11 , wherein the thermoplastic comprises PEEK, PEKK, or PEI, or any combinations thereof, and wherein the fibers comprise carbon fibers.
13. The apparatus of claim 10 , wherein the thermoplastic comprises polyether ether ketone (PEEK), polyether ketone ketone (PEKK), polyetherimide (PEI), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyaryl ether ketone (PAEK), polyimide, polyamide, nylon, polyurethane, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polyethylene, polycarbonate, polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), or polyvinyl chloride (PVC), or any combinations thereof, wherein the fibers comprise carbon fibers, glass fibers, aramid fibers, ceramic fibers, or boron fibers, or any combinations thereof, and wherein the composite is formed by filament winding or bladder molding.
14. The apparatus of claim 10 , wherein the fibers comprise thick ply fibers that are at least 150 grams per square meter (gsm) in the outer radial portion and thin ply fibers that are less than 150 gsm in the inner radial portion, and wherein the fibers comprise comingled fibers comprising first fibers comprising a second thermoplastic and second fibers comprising carbon fibers, glass fibers, aramid fibers, ceramic fibers, or boron fibers, or any combinations thereof.
15. A method of deploying a downhole tool into a borehole, comprising:
lowering the downhole tool into the borehole, the downhole tool comprising a composite of thermoplastic and fibers, wherein the fibers reinforce the thermoplastic, wherein the composite favors hoop strength over axial strength, wherein winding angles of the fibers in the composite give the composite as favoring the hoop strength over the axial strength, wherein the winding angles are greater in an outer radial portion of the composite than in an inner radial portion of the composite, wherein the composite comprises threads, and wherein axial stress experienced by the composite in the borehole is less than 10% of hoop stress experienced by the composite in the borehole; and
wherein the downhole tool is a packer having a mandrel comprising the composite or wherein the downhole tool is a pressure housing.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the downhole tool comprises the packer, and wherein the method comprises forming a seal in the borehole between the packer and an adjacent surface comprising a liner or casing in the borehole.
17. The method of claim 15 , wherein the winding angles are in a range of 80° to 90° in the outer radial portion and in a range of 35° to 60° in the inner radial portion, wherein the outer radial portion comprises an outer layer of the composite, and wherein the inner radial portion comprises an inner layer of the composite.
18. The method of claim 15 , wherein the thermoplastic comprises polyether ether ketone (PEEK), polyether ketone ketone (PEKK), polyetherimide (PEI), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyaryl ether ketone (PAEK), polyimide, polyamide, nylon, polyurethane, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polyethylene, polycarbonate, polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), or polyvinyl chloride (PVC), or any combinations thereof, and wherein the fibers comprise carbon fibers, glass fibers, aramid fibers, boron fibers, metal fibers, ceramic fibers, or thermoplastic fibers, or any combinations thereof.
19. The method of claim 15 , wherein the fibers comprise comingled fibers comprising first fibers comprising a second thermoplastic and second fibers comprising carbon fibers, glass fibers, aramid fibers, boron fibers, metal fibers, ceramic fibers, or thermoplastic fibers, or any combinations thereof, and wherein the composite is formed by filament winding or bladder molding.
20. The method of claim 15 , wherein the winding angles are varied in an axial direction in the inner radial portion.