Method and system for CO
Method and system are disclosed for the production and use of a chemical compound, where a given amount of CO 2 is emitted in the production and the use, including producing a second chemical compound that is required for the production or the use of the first compound, where the production of the second compound consumes CO 2 and sequesters it from the atmosphere so that the total net CO 2 emitted in the production and use of the first compound is now reduced. In one embodiment, the second chemical compound is a negative-CO 2 -emissions hydrogen, oxygen or chlorine gas produced in an electrolytic cell.
1. A method for reducing CO 2 emission in a production and use of a chemical compound using a gas as a reagent, the gas comprising at least one of oxygen gas and hydrogen gas, during which a predetermined amount of CO 2 is emitted to the atmosphere, the method comprising:
substituting the gas with a negative-CO 2 -emission gas for reducing the predetermined amount of CO 2 emission;
producing the negative-CO 2 -emission gas in an electrochemical cell, having an anode, a cathode, an electrolyte solution containing magnesium salt solution, generating an acidic solution and the oxygen gas at the anode, and magnesium hydroxide solution and the hydrogen gas at the cathode;
in another container:
(i) supplying the acidic solution removed at the anode;
(ii) supplying, from a source disposed externally to the electrolytic container, a metal silicate mass soluble in the acidic solution, the metal silicate mass comprising 38% of magnesium oxide;
(iii) irrigating said metal silicate mass with the removed acidic solution at an irrigation rate from 0.08 to 0.4 liters per minute per square meter of the metal silicate mass to generate water and magnesium salt solution;
(iv) supplying the magnesium salt solution to the electrochemical cell as the electrolyte solution; and
reacting magnesium hydroxide derived from the magnesium hydroxide solution removed at the cathode with carbon dioxide to form one or more of the metal bicarbonate and the metal carbonate, thereby sequestering the carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and producing the negative-CO 2 -emission gas.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the gas further comprises chlorine gas.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the chemical compound is one of:
a chemical compound containing hydrogen atoms;
a chemical compound containing oxygen atoms;
a chemical compound containing chlorine atoms;
a chemical compound containing a reduced metal.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the chemical compound is selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbons, organic compounds, acids, ammonia, peroxide, and water.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the chemical compound is obtained by a process selected from the group consisting of metal oxide smelting, oil refining, hydrogenation of margarine, and oxidation or partial oxidation of compounds.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the carbon dioxide is derived from one or more of the following:
the atmosphere;
biomass, soil or the ocean;
a fossil source of the carbon dioxide.
7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising setting a mass ratio of the removed acidic solution and the metal silicate mass within a range from 2:1 to 6:1.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step (iii) comprises irrigating at the irrigation rate from 0.12 to 0.28 liters per minute per square meter of the metal silicate mass.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the producing the negative-CO 2 -emission gas further comprises removing the acidic solution at the anode and adding de-ionized water at the anode at such rates that a concentration of the removed acidic solution is >7 wt %, corresponding to pH<3.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the producing the negative-CO 2 -emission gas further comprises removing a portion of the metal hydroxide solution at the cathode, wherein a removal rate is such that at least about 10 wt %, corresponding to pH>12, of the metal hydroxide solution is removed.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reacting further comprising dissolving the magnesium hydroxide and adding the dissolved magnesium hydroxide to a water body in a concentration that effects a water body pH of <9.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the acidic solution is sulfuric acid solution, and the magnesium salt is magnesium sulfate.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein a molar ratio of the sulfuric acid supplied in the step (i) versus the magnesium sulfate formed in the step (iii) ranges from 0.35 to 0.95.
14. The method of claim 1 , further comprising supplying said water generated in the step (iii) back to the electrochemical cell, thereby regenerating water in the electrolyte solution of the electrochemical cell.
15. A method for reducing total CO 2 emissions in a production and use of a chemical compound using a gas as a reagent, wherein a predetermined amount of CO 2 is emitted to the atmosphere during the production and the use, the method comprising:
substituting the gas with a negative-CO 2 -emission gas for reducing the predetermined amount of CO 2 emissions, comprising producing the negative-CO 2 -emission gas, comprising:
(a) supplying a direct current from an electrical source at a predetermined voltage to an electrolytic container having an anode, a cathode, an electrolyte solution containing a monovalent metal salt, an anode region adapted to generate an oxidative gas and an acidic solution, and a cathode region adapted to generate hydrogen gas and a dissolved metal hydroxide solution, the metal in said dissolved metal hydroxide solution being derived from the metal salt of the electrolyte solution;
in another container:
(i) supplying the acidic solution removed at the anode;
(ii) supplying, from a source disposed externally to the electrolytic container, a metal silicate soluble in the acidic solution, the metal silicate mass comprising 38% of magnesium hydroxide;
(iii) irrigating said metal silicate mass with the removed acidic solution at an irrigation rate from 0.08 to 0.4 liters per minute per square meter of the metal silicate mass to generate water and magnesium salt solution;
(b) reacting the magnesium salt solution from the step (iii) with the dissolved metal hydroxide solution of the step (a) to produce a reaction solution and generate magnesium hydroxide;
(c) separating the magnesium hydroxide from the remaining reaction solution in the step (d); and
(d) exposing said magnesium hydroxide to carbon dioxide from air causing a reaction with the carbon dioxide to form one or more of the metal bicarbonate and the metal carbonate, thereby removing and sequestering the carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and producing the negative-CO 2 -emission gas.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the metal hydroxide is NaOH or KOH.
17. The method in claim 15 wherein the gas used in said production and use of a chemical compound is hydrogen, oxygen or chlorine gas.
18. The method of claim 15 wherein said chemical compound is a hydrocarbon, organic compound, acid, ammonia, peroxide, or water.
19. The method of claim 15 , further comprising setting a mass ratio of the removed acidic solution and the metal silicate mass within a range from 2:1 to 6:1.
20. The method of claim 15 , wherein the step (iii) comprises irrigating at the irrigation rate from 0.12 to 0.28 liters per minute per square meter of the metal silicate mass.