AC submarine power cable with reduced losses
A static AC submarine power cable configured for at least 72 kV operation including: a power core including: a conductor, an insulation system surrounding the conductor, and a smooth metallic water-blocking sheath surrounding the insulation system, wherein the metallic water-blocking sheath includes stainless steel.
1. A static AC submarine power cable configured for at least 72 kV operation, comprising:
a power core comprising:
a conductor,
an insulation system surrounding the conductor, the insulation system comprising an inner semiconducting layer arranged radially outside of the conductor, an insulation layer arranged radially outside of the inner semiconducting layer, and an outer semiconducting layer arranged radially outside of the insulation layer,
a smooth metallic water-blocking sheath surrounding the insulation system, the metallic water-blocking sheath comprising austenitic stainless steel, the metallic water-blocking sheath being made from an austenitic stainless-steel sheet that is folded or wrapped around the insulation system and that has facing edges which are welded together,
a swellable semiconductive bedding which is a moisture barrier, the semiconductive beddinq being a semiconductive tape wound around the outer semiconducting layer and arranged between the outer semiconducting layer and the metallic water-blocking sheath, and
a semiconducting polymeric sheath surrounding the metallic water-blocking sheath,
a plurality of armour wires forming an armour layer around the power core, and
an outer serving arranged around the armour layer.
2. The submarine power cable as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the metallic water-blocking sheath consists of austenitic stainless steel.
3. The submarine power cable as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the metallic water-blocking sheath is a welded non-corrugated tube.
4. The submarine power cable as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the austenitic stainless steel is SAE 316L.
5. The submarine power cable as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the submarine power cable is at least 1500 m long.
6. The submarine power cable as claimed in claim 1 , comprising a semiconducting adhesive provided on the outer surface of the metallic water-blocking sheath, bonding the metallic water-blocking sheath to the polymeric sheath.
7. The submarine power cable as claimed in claim 6 , wherein the polymeric sheath has a thickness which is equal to or greater than (D-6)/24,
where D is the outer diameter of the submarine power cable in millimetres.
8. The submarine power cable as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the power core is a first power core, and wherein the submarine power cable comprises a second power core and a third power core, each of the second power core and the third power core including a respective:
conductor,
an insulation system surrounding the conductor, and
a smooth metallic water-blocking sheath surrounding the insulation system,
wherein the metallic water-blocking sheath comprises austenitic stainless steel;
and
wherein the first power core, the second power core and the third power core are stranded.
9. The submarine power cable as claimed in claim 8 , wherein for each of the second power core and the third power core the metallic water-blocking sheath consists of austenitic stainless steel.
10. The submarine power cable as claimed in claim 8 , wherein the plurality of armour wires are arranged around the first power core, the second power core and the third power core, wherein the armour wires are laid helically around the first power core, the second power core and the third power core in the same direction as the stranding direction of said power cores, wherein the armour wires have an armour wire pitch and the first power core, the second power core and the third power core are stranded with a core stranding pitch, wherein the armour wire pitch differs no more than 30% from the core stranding pitch.
11. The submarine power cable as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the semiconductive tape is arranged directly between the outer semiconducting layer and the metallic water-blocking sheath.
12. The submarine power cable as claimed in claim 11 , wherein the radial thickness of the metallic water-blocking sheath is in a range of 0.4-0.8 mm for the submarine power cable having an outer diameter of 60 mm.
13. The submarine power cable as claimed in claim 11 , wherein the radial thickness of the metallic water-blocking sheath is in a range of 0.5-1.0 mm for the submarine power cable having an outer diameter of 90 mm.
14. The submarine power cable as claimed in claim 11 , wherein the radial thickness of the metallic water-blocking sheath is in a range of 0.6-1.2 mm for the submarine power cable having an outer diameter of 120 mm.
15. The submarine power cable as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the metallic water-blocking sheath has a radial thickness in a range of 0.4-1.25 mm.
16. A method of manufacturing a static AC submarine power cable configured for at least 72 kV operation, wherein the method comprises:
manufacturing a power core, which comprises:
providing an insulation system around a conductor, the insulation system comprising an inner semiconducting layer arranged radially outside of the conductor, an insulation layer arranged radially outside of the inner semiconducting layer, and an outer semiconducting layer arranged radially outside of the insulation layer,
applying a swellable semiconductive bedding which is a moisture barrier,
the semiconductive bedding being a semiconductive tape wound around the outer semiconducting layer,
providing a smooth metallic water-blocking sheath including austenitic stainless steel around the insulation system and the semiconductive bedding, wherein the step of providing the smooth metallic water-blocking sheath involves folding an austenitic stainless-steel sheet around the insulation system and welding facing edges of the austenitic stainless-steel sheet to form the metallic water-blocking sheath, and
surrounding the metallic water blocking sheath with a semiconductive polymeric sheath:
forming an armour layer around the power core, the armour layer comprising a plurality of armour wires; and
arranging an outer serving around the armour laver.
17. The method as claimed in claim 16 , wherein the metallic water-blocking sheath consists of austenitic stainless steel.
18. The method as claimed in claim 16 , wherein the power core is a first power core and wherein the method comprises:
manufacturing a second power core and a third power core, wherein for each of the second power core and the third power core, the method comprises:
providing an insulation system around a conductor,
providing a smooth metallic water-blocking sheath including austenitic stainless steel around the insulation system; and
wherein the method comprises assembling the first power core, the second power core and the third power core by stranding.
19. A static AC submarine power cable configured for at least 72 KV operation, comprising:
a plurality of power cores, each power core comprising:
a conductor,
an insulation system surrounding the conductor, the insulation system including an inner semiconducting layer arranged radially outside of the conductor, an insulation layer arranged radially outside of the inner semiconducting layer, and an outer semiconducting layer arranged radially outside of the insulation layer,
a smooth metallic water-blocking sheath surrounding the insulation system, the metallic water-blocking sheath comprising austenitic stainless steel,
the metallic water-blocking sheath being made from an austenitic stainless-steel sheet that is folded or wrapped around the insulation system and that has facing edges which are welded together,
a swellable semiconductive bedding arranged coaxially with the conductor between the outer semiconducting layer and the metallic water-blocking sheath,
the swellable semiconductive bedding being a moisture barrier in the form of a semiconductive tape wound around the outer semiconducting layer, and
a semiconductive polymeric sheath surrounding the metallic water-blocking sheath;
an armour layer arranged radially outside of all swellable semiconductive beddings of the power cores, the armour layer comprising a plurality of armour wires arranged helically around the power cores; and
an outer serving arranged around the armour laver.