Method for determining the pregnancy state of an animal
Disclosed herein is a method for determining a pregnancy state of an animal. The method comprises detecting an amount of one or more biomarkers in a breath sample from the animal, the amount of the or each biomarker being indicative of a pregnancy state of the animal.
1. A method for determining whether an animal is pregnant, the method comprising:
collecting a breath sample from the nose of the animal;
detecting an amount of one or more biomarkers in the breath sample, wherein at least one of the one or more biomarkers is a metabolite of a metabolic process affected by the animal being pregnant; and
comparing the detected amounts of the one or more biomarkers with ambient air and a predetermined biomarker profile, the amount of each biomarker being indicative of the animal being pregnant;
wherein the one or more biomarkers are selected from one or more of the following:
toluene, hexanal, tridecane, tetradecane, propanoic acid, pentane, 1,3-epoxy-4-methyl, 3,5 dimethyl 2 octanone, 4-undecanone and 4-octanone.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the predetermined biomarker profile comprises an accumulation of detected amounts of the one or more biomarkers in breath samples from animals of the same species having a categorised pregnancy state.
3. The method of claim 2 , further comprising producing mass spectra for a plurality of points of the chromatographically resolved breath sample, whereby a mass spectral dataset is produced.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the mass spectral dataset is analysed to determine whether the animal is pregnant.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the analysis is a multivariate analysis.
6. The method of claim 3 , wherein the analysis is a partial least squared discriminant analysis.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein detecting the amount of the one or more biomarkers comprises chromatographically resolving the breath sample.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein detecting an amount of the one or more biomarkers comprises contacting the breath sample with a plurality of sensors that are configured to sense the one or more biomarkers, whereby a cumulative response of the sensors is indicative of the animal being pregnant.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the one or more biomarkers is a metabolite of a metabolic process affected by the pregnancy of a cow, sheep or pig.