IP Library Granted Patent US 12,371,503
Granted Patent B2
US 12,371,503 · App. 17/737,965 · Granted Jul 29, 2025

Methods of treatment using a leptin receptor agonist antibody

Inventors: Jesper Gromada (Scarsdale, NY); Panayiotis Stevis (West Orange, NJ); Judith Altarejos (Chappaqua, NY); Andrew J. Murphy (Croton-on-Hudson, NY)
Assignee: REGENERON PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
C07K16/2869A61K9/0019A61K39/3955A61K45/06A61P3/00A61P3/04A61P3/06A61P3/10A61K38/2264A61K2039/505A61K2039/54A61K2039/545C07K14/5759C07K2317/21C07K2317/33C07K2317/34C07K2317/565C07K2317/75C07K2317/76C07K2317/92C07K2317/94
View Patent ↗
Loading inventors, assignments & file history…
Monitor This Case
Get email alerts when status or documents change.
Order Certified Copies
Most orders are placed with the USPTO same day — all within 24 business hours.
Order via The Patent Place →
Pre-filled with this patent's details
Quick Facts
Patent No.
US 12,371,503
App. No.
17/737,965
Granted
Jul 29, 2025
Kind
B2
Abstract

Provided herein are therapeutic methods of treatment using agonist leptin receptor (LEPR) antibodies, antigen-binding fragments thereof, or compositions comprising the LEPR antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof. Such therapeutic methods include treatment for conditions related to metabolic dysfunction, including for example, lipodystrophy, adiposity or obesity, reducing body weight, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hyperphagia, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hepatic steatosis, and infertility.

Claims (22)

1. A method for increasing bone mass in a subject in need thereof having low bone mass which is a symptom of hypoleptinemia, wherein the subject has hypoleptinemia and also has lipodystrophy, comprising administering an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof that binds human leptin receptor (LEPR) and activates LEPR signaling comprising:

a heavy chain variable region (HCVR) that comprises the HCDR1, HCDR2 and HCDR3 of a HCVR that comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 26, and a light chain variable region (LCVR) that comprises the LCDR1, LCDR2 and LCDR3 of a LCVR that comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 10; and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent, to the subject.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein the lipodystrophy is selected from the group consisting of congenital lipodystrophy, generalized lipodystrophy, acquired lipodystrophy, partial lipodystrophy, congenital partial lipodystrophy, congenital generalized lipodystrophy, and acquired generalized lipodystrophy.

3. The method of claim 2 wherein the lipodystrophy is generalized lipodystrophy.

4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is a monospecific antibody that is a tetramer comprising two heavy chains that comprise heavy chain variable regions that comprise the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 26, and two light chains that comprise light chain variable regions that comprise the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 10, inter-connected by disulfide bonds.

5. The method of claim 2 wherein the lipodystrophy is partial lipodystrophy.

6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is a monospecific antibody that is a tetramer comprising two heavy chains that comprise heavy chain variable regions that comprise the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 26, and two light chains that comprise light chain variable regions that comprise the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 10, inter-connected by disulfide bonds.

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises:

a heavy chain variable region that comprises:

an HCDR1 that comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 28,

an HCDR2 that comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 30, and

an HCDR3 that comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 32;

and

a light chain variable region that comprises:

an LCDR1 that comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 12,

an LCDR2 that comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 14, and

an LCDR3 that comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 16.

8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises: a heavy chain variable region that comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 26; and a light chain variable region that comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 10.

9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is a monospecific antibody that is a tetramer comprising two heavy chains that comprise heavy chain variable regions that comprise the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 26, and two light chains that comprise light chain variable regions that comprise the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 10, inter-connected by disulfide bonds.

10. The method of claim 9 wherein the heavy chain variable region is linked to a human heavy chain constant region and the light chain variable region is linked to a human kappa light chain constant region.

11. The method of claim 1 , further comprising administering a second therapeutic agent to the subject.

12. The method of claim 11 wherein the second therapeutic agent is selected from the group consisting of: a recombinant human leptin, a PCSK9 inhibitor, a statin, ezetimibe, insulin, an insulin variant, an insulin secretagogue, metformin, a sulfonylurea, a sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) Inhibitor, a GLP-1 agonist/analogue, a glucagon (GCG) inhibitor, a glucagon receptor (GCGR) inhibitor, an angiopoietin-like protein (ANGPTL) inhibitor, phentermine, orlistat, topiramate, bupropion, topiramate/phentermine, bupropion/naltrexone, bupropion/zonisamide, pramlintide/metreleptin, lorcaserin, cetilistat, tesofensine, velneperit, an anticonvulsant, digoxin, coumadin, vitamin D, thyroxine, a thyroid supplement, a vitamin supplement, a calcium supplement, carnitine, coenzyme Q10, an anti-constipation medication, an anti-allergic medications, gabapentin, a narcotic, ketamine, lidocaine, and venlafaxine hydrochloride.

Assignments (1)
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST Recorded Jun 5, 2024
From: GROMADA, JESPER; STEVIS, PANAYIOTIS; ALTAREJOS, JUDITH; MURPHY, ANDREW J.
To: REGENERON PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
Reel/Frame 067627/0669 →
Continuity (3)
Division 16377089 · Apr 5, 2019
Provisional Application 62653731 · Apr 6, 2018
Related Publication 20220280641A1 · Sep 8, 2022
References Cited (400)
US 4596556A · Morrow et al. · 1986 [cited by applicant]
US 4790824A · Morrow et al. · 1988 [cited by applicant]
US 4941880A · Burns · 1990 [cited by applicant]
US 4946778A · Ladner et al. · 1990 [cited by applicant]
US 5064413A · McKinnon et al. · 1991 [cited by applicant]
US 5312335A · McKinnon et al. · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5383851A · McKinnon, et al. · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5399163A · Peterson et al. · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5717073A · Wijdenes et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5932448A · Tso et al. · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 5965521A · Stephens et al. · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 6005080A · Snodgrass et al. · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 6096002A · Landau · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6096506A · Lee et al. · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6129914A · Weinert et al. · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6329511B1 · Vasquez et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6380363B1 · Tartaglia et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6620135B1 · Weston et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6977240B1 · Tartaglia et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 7067472B1 · Feng et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 7067477B2 · MacLeod · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 7183254B2 · DePaoli et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 7261893B2 · Veldman et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 7294754B2 · Poueymirou et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 7307142B2 · Gertler et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 7320789B2 · Aghahanian et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 7521048B2 · Gliniak et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 7524937B2 · Carter et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 7575878B2 · Tavernier et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 7576259B2 · Poueymirou et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 7632499B2 · Davies et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 7635760B2 · Han et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 7659442B2 · Poueymirou et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7807159B2 · Chin et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7863240B2 · Ilan et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 7888486B2 · Walsh et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 8017634B2 · Sinclair et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 8318666B2 · DePaoli et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8697396B2 · Dall'Acqua et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8840894B2 · Stitt et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8846724B2 · Sinclair et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8871209B2 · Stitt et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8969291B2 · Ilan et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9221902B2 · Smider et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9260515B2 · Stitt et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9332742B2 · McWhirter et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9334331B2 · Igawa et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9421257B2 · Ilan et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9718881B2 · Gromada et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9890212B2 · Stitt et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 10023644B2 · Gromada et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 10253102B2 · Gromada et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10400036B2 · Stitt et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10421807B2 · Gonzales et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10526403B2 · Gromada et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 10550192B2 · Gromada et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 10618968B2 · Gromada et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 10934249B2 · Pordy et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 11248044B2 · Donahue et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11535675B2 · Gromada et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11608381B2 · Gromada et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 11834500B2 · Gromada et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 20020182676A1 · Tartaglia et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 20040202652A1 · Karsenty et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20040253242A1 · Bowdish et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20060068429A1 · Bailleul et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20070178095A1 · Smith et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20080078000A1 · Poueymirou et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20090148436A1 · Lavallie et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090234106A1 · Han et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20100166764A1 · Sayers et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100260772A1 · Karsenty · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20110092417A1 · Artymiuk et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110293630A1 · Stitt et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20120204278A1 · Bradley et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120258073A1 · Gerdes et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20130122007A1 · Stitt et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20140134162A1 · Stavenhagen et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140171623A1 · Dall'Acqua et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140243504A1 · Davis et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20170101477A1 · Gromada · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20180037648A1 · Ilan et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180127508A1 · Gromada et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20190002569A1 · Belaid-Choucair et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20190185562A1 · Gromada et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20190309079A1 · Gromada · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20200031946A1 · Gromada et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 20200123264A1 · Gromada et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 20220098313A1 · Oral et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 20220112293A1 · Gromada et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 20230235068A1 · Gromada et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 20240158497A1 · Gromada et al. · 2024 [cited by applicant]
AU 2004201496C1 · 2018 [cited by applicant]
CN 107760761 · 2018 [cited by applicant]
EP 981365B1 · 2004 [cited by applicant]
EP 885299B1 · 2005 [cited by applicant]
EP 0730606B1 · 2005 [cited by applicant]
EP 0879286B1 · 2008 [cited by applicant]
EP 1619250B1 · 2009 [cited by applicant]
EP 1444516B1 · 2010 [cited by applicant]
EP 1019432B1 · 2012 [cited by applicant]
EP 2219031B1 · 2013 [cited by applicant]
EP 2780368 · 2014 [cited by applicant]
EP 2649184B1 · 2015 [cited by applicant]
EP 3298889A1 · 2018 [cited by applicant]
EP 3538554 · 2019 [cited by applicant]
EP 2989894B1 · 2020 [cited by applicant]
EP 3362477B1 · 2022 [cited by applicant]
JP 1991219894 · 1991 [cited by applicant]
WO WO1996005309 · 1996 [cited by applicant]
WO WO199608510 · 1996 [cited by applicant]
WO WO1997019952 · 1997 [cited by applicant]
WO WO1997025425 · 1997 [cited by applicant]
WO WO199726272 · 1997 [cited by applicant]
WO WO199726335 · 1997 [cited by applicant]
WO WO199726370 · 1997 [cited by applicant]
WO WO199726523 · 1997 [cited by applicant]
WO WO199727286 · 1997 [cited by applicant]
WO WO199741263 · 1997 [cited by applicant]
WO WO199822128A1 · 1998 [cited by applicant]
WO WO199848831 · 1998 [cited by applicant]
WO WO200236789 · 2002 [cited by applicant]
WO WO200266630 · 2002 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2005049655 · 2005 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2006053883 · 2006 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2010070094 · 2010 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2011004192 · 2011 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2011097603 · 2011 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2011130499A1 · 2011 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2012141798 · 2012 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2012148873 · 2012 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2013022782 · 2013 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2013184761 · 2013 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2014043361 · 2014 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2015124588 · 2015 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2016039796A2 · 2016 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2016168613A1 · 2016 [cited by applicant]
WO WO201766204 · 2017 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2018089532 · 2018 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2019195796 · 2019 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2020131910A1 · 2020 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2022060827A2 · 2022 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2022060827A3 · 2022 [cited by applicant]
Haque et al. Serum adiponectin and leptin levels in patients with lipodystrophies. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. vol. 87(5):2395-2398 (2002). (Year: 2002). [cited by examiner]
Simha et al. Effect of subcutaneous leptin replacement therapy on bone metabolism in patients with generalized lipodystrophy. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. vol. 87(11):4942-4945; (2002). (Year: 2… [cited by examiner]
Christensen et al. Increased bone mineral content in patients with congenital generalized lipodystrophy is unaffected by metreleptin replacement therapy. Endocrine Reviews, vol. 35, Supp. Suppl. 3. Abstract No. OR43-6. … [cited by examiner]
Park et al. Long term of leptin replacement in patients with Dunnigan-type familial partial lipodystrophy. Metabolism Clinical and Experimental 56:508-516; (2007). (Year: 2007). [cited by examiner]
2008 Guidance Document Ethical Considerations for Clinical Trials on Medicinal Products Conducted with the Pediatric Population. [cited by applicant]
Addy et al. (2008) ““Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamic properties of taranabant, a novel selective cannabinoid-1 receptor inverseagonist, for the treatment of obesity: results from a double-bli… [cited by applicant]
Aijluni (2017) “Efficacy and Safety of Metreleptin in Patients with Partial Lipodystrophy: Lessons from an Expanded Access Program” Journal of Diabetes & metabolism 7(3):1000659, 7 pages. [cited by applicant]
Al-Attar et al. (2007) “Quantitative and qualitative differences in subcutaneous adipose tissue stores across lipodystrophy types shown by magnetic resonance imaging” BMC Med Imaging. 7:3. [cited by applicant]
Al-Lazikani et al. (1997) “Standard Conformations for the Canonical Structures of Immunoglobulins” J. Mol. Biol. 273:927-948. [cited by applicant]
Allen, Loyd V. Jr. Ph.D. “The Art, Science and Technology of Pharmaceutical Compounding” in American Pharmacists Association (Washington, D.C., 1999), Introduction pp. xxxii-xxxvii. [cited by applicant]
Allison et al. (2014) ““Connecting leptin signaling tobiological function”” J Endocrinol 223(1):T25-35. [cited by applicant]
Altschul et al. (1990) “Basic Local Alignment Search Tool” J. Mol. Biol. 215:403-410. [cited by applicant]
Altschul et al. (1997) “Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: a New Generation of Protein Database Search Programs” Nucleic Acids Res. 25:3389-402. [cited by applicant]
Angrisani et al. (2017) “Bariatric Surgery and Endoluminal Procedures: IFSO Worldwide Survey 2014” Obes Surg. 27(9):2279-2289. [cited by applicant]
Aronis, et al. (2011) “Preadipocyte Factor-1 Levels Are Higher in Women with Hypothalamic Amenorrhea and Are Associated with Bone Mineral Content and Bone Mineral Density through a Mechanism Independent of Leptin”, J. C… [cited by applicant]
Barash et al. (1996) “Leptin is a metabolic signal to the reproductive system” Endocrinology 137(7): 3144-3147. [cited by applicant]
Baumann et al. (1996) “The full-length leptin receptor has signaling capabilities of interleukin 6-type cytokine receptors” Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 93:8374-8378. [cited by applicant]
Boden et al. (1996) “Effect of Fasting on Serum Leptin in Nomal Human Subjects”, J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 81(9): 3419-3423. [cited by applicant]
Brown et al. (2016) “The Diagnosis and Management of Lipodystrophy Syndromes: A Multi-Society Practice Guideline” J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 101(12):4500-4511. [cited by applicant]
Buettner et al. (2002) “Definition and characterization of relative hypo- andhyperleptinemia in a large Caucasian population”J Endocrinol. 175(3): 745-756. [cited by applicant]
Burakiewicz et al. (2017) “Quantifying fat replacement of muscle by quantitative MRI in muscular dystrophy” J Neurol. 264(10):2053-2067. [cited by applicant]
Campfield et al. (1995) “Recombinant mouse OB protein: evidence for a peripheral signal linking adiposity and central neural networks” Science 269:546-549. [cited by applicant]
Carpenter et al. (2012) “Structure of the Human Obesity Receptor Leptin-Binding Domain Reveals the Mechanism of Leptin Antagonism by a Monoclonal Antibody” Structure 20(3):487-97. [cited by applicant]
Chan et al. (2003) “The role of falling leptin levels in the neuroendocrine and metabolic adaptation to short-term starvation in healthy men” J Clin Invest. 111(9): 1409-1421. [cited by applicant]
Chan et al. (2016) “Immunogenicity associated with Metreleptin treatment in patients with obesity or lipodystrophy” Clin Endocrinol. 85(1):137-149. [cited by applicant]
Chehab et al. (1996) “Correction of the sterility defect in homozygous obese female mice by treatment with the human recombinant leptin” Nat Genet 12:318-320. [cited by applicant]
Ciofi et al. (2009) “Brain-endocrine interactions: a microvascular route in the mediobasal hypothalamus” Endocrinology 150:5509-5519. [cited by applicant]
Clement et al. (1998) “A mutation in the human leptin receptor gene causes obesity and pituitary dysfunction” Nature 392(6674):398-401. [cited by applicant]
Cohen et al. (2001) “Selective deletion of leptin receptor in neurons leads to obesity” J Clin Invest 108:1113-1121. [cited by applicant]
Considine et al. (1996) “Serum Immunoreactive-Leptin Concentrations in Normal-Weight and Obese Humans” N. Engl. J. Med. 334(5): 292-295. [cited by applicant]
Coppari et al. (2005) “The hypothalamic arcuate nucleus: a key site for mediating leptin's effects on glucose homeostasis and locomotor activity” Cell Metab 1:63-72. [cited by applicant]
Courteix, et al. (2007) “Preserved Bone Health in Adolescent Elite Rhythmic Gymnasts Despite Hypoleptinemia”, Hormone Research, 68:20-27. [cited by applicant]
Cowley et al. (2001) “Leptin activates anorexigenic POMC neurons through a neural network in the arcuate nucleus” Nature 411:480-484. [cited by applicant]
Dalton et al. (2015) “Preliminary validation and principal components analysis ofthe Control of Eating Questionnaire (CoEQ) for the experience of food craving” Eur J Clin Nutr. Nature Publishing Group 69(12):1313-7. [cited by applicant]
Dardeno, et al. (2010) “Leptin in Human Physiology and Therapeutics”, Front Neuroendocrinol., 31(3):377-393. [cited by applicant]
De Luca et al. (2005) “Complete rescue of obesity, diabetes, and infertility in db/db mice by neuron-specific LEPR-B transgenes” J Clin Invest 115:3484-3493. [cited by applicant]
Deddish et al. (1990 “Carboxypeptidase M in Madin-Darby Canin Kidney Cells” J. Biological Chemistry 265:25:15083-89. [cited by applicant]
Denroche et al. (2013) “Leptin administration enhances islet transplant performance in diabetic mice” Diabetes 62:2738-2746. [cited by applicant]
Dubern et al. (2012) “Leptin and leptin receptor-related monogenic obesity.” Biochimie 94(10): 2111-5. [cited by applicant]
Ducy et al. (2000) “Leptin Inhibits Bone Formation Through a Hypothalamic Relay:A Central Control of Bone Mass” Cell, 100:197-207. [cited by applicant]
Ebihara et al. (2007) “Efficacy and Safety of Leptin-Replacement Therapy and Possible Mechanisms of Leptin Actions in Patients with Generalized Lipodystrophy” J Clin Endocrinol Metab 92(2):532-541. [cited by applicant]
Edwards et al. (2003) “The Remarkable Flexibility of the Human antibody Repertoire; Isolation of Over One Thousand Different Antibodies to a Single Protein”, BLYS. Journal of Molecular Biology, 334:103-118. [cited by applicant]
Ehring (1999) Analytical Biochemistry 267(2):252-259 “Hydrogen Exchange/Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry Studies of Structural Features of Proteins and Protein/Protein Interactions”. [cited by applicant]
El-Zayadi (2008) “Hepatic steatosis: a benign disease or a silent killer” World J Gastroenterol 14(26):4120-4126. [cited by applicant]
Engen and Smith (2001) Anal. Chem. 73:256A-265A “The Basics of Ion Chromatography”. [cited by applicant]
Farooqi et al. (1999) “Effects of Recombinant Leptin Therapy in a Child with Congenital Leptin Deficiency” The New England Journal of Medicine 341(12):879-884. [cited by applicant]
Farooqi et al. (2002) “Beneficial effects of leptin on obesity, T cell hyporesponsiveness, and neuroendocrine/metabolic dysfunction of human congenital leptin deficiency.” J Clin Invest. 110(8): 1093-1103. [cited by applicant]
Farooqi et al. (2007) N Engl J Med 356(3): 237-247 “Clinical and Molecular Genetic Spectrum of Congeintal Deficiency of the Leptin Receptor”. [cited by applicant]
Federico et al. (2006) “Treatment of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Current views and perspectives” Digestive & Liver Disease 38(11):789-801. [cited by applicant]
Feng et al. (2018) “Roles and Mechanisms of Leptin in Osteogenic Stimulation in Cervical Ossification of the Posterior longitudinal Ligament”, Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research, 13:165, 8 pages. [cited by applicant]
Fenton et al. (2020) “Rheostat Positions: A New Classification of Protein Positions Relevant to Pharmacogenomics Medicinal Chemistry Research”, 29:1133-1146. [cited by applicant]
Festi et al. (2004) “Hepatic steatosis in obese patients: clinical aspects and prognostic significance” Obes Rev. 5(1):27-42. [cited by applicant]
Flak and Myers (2016) “Minireview: CNS Mechanisms of Leptin Action” Mol Endocrinol. 30: 3-12. [cited by applicant]
Flegal et al. (2016) “Trends in Obesity Among Adults in the United States,2005 to 2014” JAMA. American Medical Association. 315(21):2284-2291. [cited by applicant]
Flint et al. (2000) “Reproducibility, power and validity of visual analogue scalesin assessment of appetite sensations in single test meal studies” Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord. 24(1):38-48. [cited by applicant]
Friedman et al. (2014) “Leptin at 20” an Overview J Endocrinol 223(1):T1-8. [cited by applicant]
Funcke et al. (2014) “Monogenic forms of childhood obesity due to mutations in the leptin gene” Mol Cell Pediatr. 1(1):3. [cited by applicant]
Gavrila et al. (2003) “Diurnal and Ultradian Dynamics of Serum Adiponectin in Healthy Men: Comparison with Leptin, Circulating Soluble Leptin Receptor, and Cortisol Patterns” J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 88(6):2838-2843. [cited by applicant]
Ghazali et al. (2003) “Bone Mineral Density Directly Correlates With Elevated SerumLeptin in Haemodialysis Patients”, Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, 18:1882-1890. [cited by applicant]
Ghorban-Sabbagh et al. (2016) “Correlation Between Serum Leptin and Bone Mineral Density in Hemodialysis Patients”, J. Renal Inj. Prev. 5(3):112-117. [cited by applicant]
Gibson et al. (2004) “Congenital Leptin Deficiency Due to Homozygosity for the Delta133G Mutation: Report of Another Case and Evaluation of Response to Four Years of Leptin Therapy” J Clin Endocrin. & Metab. 2004; 89(10… [cited by applicant]
Gonnet et al. (1992) “Exhaustive Matching of the Entire Protein Sequence Database” Science 256: 1443-1445. [cited by applicant]
Goodson (1984) in Medical Applications of Controlled Release, supra, vol. 2, pp. 115-138. [cited by applicant]
Halaas et al. (1995) “Weight-reducing effects of the plasma protein encoded by the obese gene” Science 269:543-546. [cited by applicant]
Halaas et al. (1997) “Physiological response to long-term peripheral and central leptin infusion in lean and obese mice” Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94:8878-8883. [cited by applicant]
Haniu et al. (1998) “Human Leptin Receptor” J Biol Chem 273(44): 28691-699. [cited by applicant]
Harris et al. (1998) “A leptin dose-response study in obese (ob/ob) and lean (+/?) mice” Endocrinology 139:8-19. [cited by applicant]
Herrick et al. (2016) “Leptin, Leptin Soluble Receptor, and the Free LeptinIndex following a Diet and Physical Activity LifestyleIntervention in Obese Males and Females” J Obes. Hindawi. 2016(2): 8375828-5. [cited by applicant]
Heymsfield et al. (1999) “Recombinant Leptin for Weight Loss in Obese and Lean Adults, A Randomized, Controlled, Dose-Escalation Trial” JAMA. 282(16): 1568-1575. [cited by applicant]
Hochleitner et al. (2000) “Characterization of a Discontinuous Epitope of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Core Protein p24 by Epitope Excision and Differential Chmeical modification Followed by Mass Psectrometric… [cited by applicant]
International Search Report from PCT/US2019/026173 dated Jul. 30, 2019, 15 pages. [cited by applicant]
Jing et al. (2016) “Mechanical Vibration Mitigates the Decrease of Bone Quantity and Bone Quality of Leptin Receptor-Deficient Db/Db Mice by Promoting Bone Formation and Inhibiting Bone Resorption”, Journal of Bone and … [cited by applicant]
Junghans et al. (1990) “Anti-Tac-H, a Humanized Antibody to the Interluekin 2 Receptor with new Features for Immunotherapy in Malignant and Immune Disorders” Cancer Res. 50:1495-1502. [cited by applicant]
Kazane et al. (2013) “Self-Assembled Antibody Multimers through Peptide Nucleic Acid Conjugation” J. Am. Chem. Soc. [Epub: Dec. 4, 2012], 135:340-346. [cited by applicant]
Klein et al. (2012) “Progress in Overcoming the Chaim Association Issue in Bispecific Heterodimeric IgG Antibodies” mAbs 4:6, 1-11. [cited by applicant]
Klopfenstein et al. (2012) “Comparison of 3 T MRI and CT for the measurementof visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue in humans” Br J Radiol. 85(1018):e826-30. [cited by applicant]
Krishna et al. (2009) “Potent and selective agonism of the melanocortinreceptor 4 with MK-0493 does not induce weight loss in obese human subjects: energy intake predicts lack of weight loss efficacy” Clin Pharmacol The… [cited by applicant]
Kufer et al. (2004) “A Revival of Bispecific Antibodies” Trends Biotechnol. 22:238-244. [cited by applicant]
Lammert et al. (2001) “Soluble leptin receptor represents the main leptin bindingactivity in human blood” Biochem Biophys Res Commun 283(4):982-988. [cited by applicant]
Langer (1990) “New Methods of Drug Delivery” Science 249:1527-1533. [cited by applicant]
Licinio et al. (2004) “Phenotypic effects of leptin replacement on morbid obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypogonadism, and behavior in leptin-deficient adults.” Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 101(13): 4531-4536. [cited by applicant]
Lou et al. (2010) “Reduced body weight and increased energy expenditure intransgenic mice over-expressing soluble eptin receptor” PLoS One 5(7):e11669. [cited by applicant]
Mantzoros et al. (2011) “Leptin in Human Physiology and Pathophysiology”, Am J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab., 301(4):E567-584. [cited by applicant]
Martin et al. (1989) “Modeling Antibody Hypervariable Loops: A Combined Algorithm” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86:9268-9272. [cited by applicant]
Mazen et al. (2011) “Homozygosity for a novel missense mutation in the leptin receptor gene (P316T) in two Egyptian cousins with severe early onset obesity” Mol Genet Metab 102:461-464. [cited by applicant]
McDuffie et al. (2004) “Effects of exogenous leptin on satiety and satiation inpatients with lipodystrophy and leptin insufficiency” J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 89(9):4258-63. [cited by applicant]
Minicocci et al. (2012) “Mutations in the ANGPTL3 gene and familial combined hypolipidemia: a clinical and biochemical characterization” J Clin Endocrinol Metab 97(7):E1266-1275. [cited by applicant]
Montague et al. (1997) “Congenital leptin deficiency is associated with severe early-onset obesity in humans” Nature 387(6636):903-908. [cited by applicant]
Mordenti et al. (1991) “Interspecies Scaling of Clearance and Volume of Distribution Data for Five Therapeutic Proteins” Pharmaceut. Res. 8:1351. [cited by applicant]
Muniyappa et al. (2017) “Metreleptin therapy lowers plasma angiopoietin-likeprotein 3 in patients with generalized lipodystrophy” Journal of Clin Lipidol 11(2):543-550. [cited by applicant]
Muzzin et al. (1996) “Correction of obesity and diabetes in genetically obese mice by leptin gene therapy” Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93:14804-14808. [cited by applicant]
Ng et al. (2014) “Global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013” Lancet 384(9945):766-781. [cited by applicant]
Nidhina Haridas (2015) “Regulation of Angiopoietin-Like Proteins(ANGPTLs) 3 and 8 by Insulin” J Clin Endocrinol Metab 100(10):E1299-1307. [cited by applicant]
Norsted et al. (2008) “Protein components of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in the mediobasal hypothalamus” Journal of chemical neuroanatomy 36:107-121. [cited by applicant]
Oral et al. (2002) “Leptin-Replacement Therapy for Lipodystrophy” N Engl J Med. 346(8):570-578. [cited by applicant]
Oral, E., “Clinical Protocol to Investigate the Efficacy of Recombinant Human Leptin (Metreleptin) in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) or Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) Associated With Lipodystrophy”, Unive… [cited by applicant]
Oral, E., “Clinical Protocol to Investigate the Long-term Safety and Efficacy of Metreleptin in Various Forms of Partial Lipodystrophy”, Unviersity of Michigan, Sep. 29, 2015, 8 pages, [online] U.S. National Library of … [cited by applicant]
Özsu, et al. (2017) “Early-onset severe obesity due to complete deletion of the leptin gene in a boy.” J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 30(11): 1227-1230. [cited by applicant]
Patni and Gard (2015) “Congenital generalized lipodystrophies—new insights into metabolic dysfunction” Nat Rev Endocrinol 11:522-534. [cited by applicant]
Paz-Filho et al. (2011) “Ten years of leptin replacement therapy” Obesity reviews 12: e315-e323. [cited by applicant]
Pearson (1994) “Using the FASTA Program to Search Protein and DNA Sequence Databases”Methods Mol. Biol. 24: 307-331. [cited by applicant]
Pelleymounter et al. (1995) “Effects of the obese gene product on body weight regulation in ob/ob mice” Science 269:540-543. [cited by applicant]
Powell et al. (1998) “Compendium of excipients for parenteral formulations” PDA J Pharm Sci Technol 52:238-311. [cited by applicant]
Ravussin et al. (2009) “Enhanced Weight Loss With Pramlintide/Metreleptin: An Integrated Neurohormonal Approach to Obesity Pharmacotherapy” Obesity 17(9):1736-1743. [cited by applicant]
Reddy et al. (2000) J. Immunol. 164:1925-1933 “Elimination of Fc Receptor-Dependent Effector Functions of a Modified IgG4 Monoclonal Antibody to Human CD4”. [cited by applicant]
Roemmich et al. (2003) “Relationship of Leptin to Bone Mineralization inChildren and Adolescents”, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 88(2):599-604. [cited by applicant]
Ruhl and Everhart (2001) “Leptin concentrations in the United States: relations with demographic and anthropometric measures” Am J Clin Nutr. 74(3):295-301. [cited by applicant]
Sienkiewicz et al. (2011) “Long-term Metreleptin Treatment Increases Bone MineralDensity and Content at the Lumbar Spine of Lean Hypoleptinemic Women”, Metabolism Clinical and Experimental, 60:1211-1221. [cited by applicant]
Simha (2014) “Metreleptin for Metabolic Disorders Associated with Generalized or Partial Lipodystrophy” Expert Rev. Endorinol. Metab., 9(3):205-212. [cited by applicant]
Schoeller et al. (1997) “Entrainment of the diurnal rhythm of plasma leptin to meal timing” J Clin Invest. 100(7):1882-1887. [cited by applicant]
Schurgin et al. (2004) “Endocrine and Metabolic Effects of Physiologic r-metHuLeptin Administration during Acute Caloric Deprivation in Normal-Weight Women” J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 89(11): 5402-5409. [cited by applicant]
Sefton (1987) “Implantable Pumps” CRC Crit. Ref. Biomed. Eng. 14:201. [cited by applicant]
Shimomura et al. (1998) “Insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus in transgenic mice expressing nuclear SREBP-1c in adipose tissue: model for congenital generalized lipodystrophy” Genes Dev 12:3182-3194. [cited by applicant]
Shimomura et al. (1999) “Leptin reverses insulinresistance anddiabetesmellitus in mice with congenital lipodystrophy” Letters to Nature 401:73-76. [cited by applicant]
Sinha et al. (1996) “Evidence of free and bound leptin in human circulation. Studies in lean and obese subjects and during short-term fasting” J Clin Invest 98(6):1277-1282. [cited by applicant]
Sjöström (1998) “Randomised placebo-controlled trial of orlistat for weight loss and prevention of weight regain in obese patients” Lancet 352(9123):167-172. [cited by applicant]
Smith et al. (2010) “Multicenter, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Lorcaserin for Weight Management” N. Engl. J. Med. 363(3):245-256. [cited by applicant]
Stoner, L., “Setemelanotide in a Single Patient With Partial Lipodystrophy”, Rhythm Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ann Arbor, MI, Aug. 25, 2017, 5 pages, [online] U.S. National Library of Medicine, retrieved on Oct. 28, 2021, C… [cited by applicant]
Tartaglia et al. (1995) “Identification and Expression Cloning of a Leptin Receptor, OB-R” Cell 83:1263-1271. [cited by applicant]
Tartaglia et al. (1996) “The full-length leptin receptor has signaling capabilities of interleukin 6-type cytokine receptors” Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93:8374-8378. [cited by applicant]
Tartaglia et al. (1997) “The Leptin Receptor” J Biol Chem 7:272(10):6093-6. [cited by applicant]
Taylor et al. (1992) “A transgenic mouse that expresses a diversity of human sequence heavy and light chain Immunoglobulins” Nucl. Acids Res. 20:6287-6295. [cited by applicant]
Tikka (2016) “The role of ANGPTL3 in controlling lipoprotein metabolism” Endocrine 52(2):187-93. [cited by applicant]
Tokuriki et al. (2009) “Stability Effects of Mutations and Protein Evolvability” Current Opinion Struc. Biol., 19:596-604. [cited by applicant]
“Trial of Leptin Replacement Therapy in Patients with Lipodystrophy” [online] Mar. 11, 2009 (retrieved on Aug. 4, 2021), Retrieved from ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCTO0896289 (Year:2009). [cited by applicant]
Tutt et al. (1991) “Trispecific F(ab')3 Derivatives that Use Cooperative Signaling Via the TCR/CD3 Complex and CD2 to Activate and Redirect Resting Cytotoxic T Cells”, J. Immunol. 147:60-69. [cited by applicant]
Upadhyay (2015) “The Role of Leptin in Regulating Bone Metabolism”, Metabolism, 64(1):105-113. [cited by applicant]
Valenzuela et al. (2003) “High-throughput Engineering of the Mouse Genome Coupled with High-Resolution Expression Analysis” Nature Biotechnology, 21(6):652-659. [cited by applicant]
Wabitsch et al. (2015) “Severe Early-Onset Obesity Due to Bioinactive Leptin Caused by a p.N103K Mutation in the Leptin Gene.” J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 100(9): 3227-3230). [cited by applicant]
Warren et al. (1999) “Functional Hypothalamic Amenorrhea: Hypoleptinemiaand Disordered Eating”, The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 84(3):873-877. [cited by applicant]
Welt et al. (2004) “Recombinant Human Leptin in Women with Hypothalamic Amenorrhea”, N. Engl. J. Med., 351:987-997. [cited by applicant]
White and Tartaglia (1996) “Leptin and OB-R: body weight regulation by a cytokine receptor” Cytokine & growth factor reviews 7:303-309. [cited by applicant]
Wu et al. (1987) “Receptor-Mediated in Vitro Gene Transformation by a Soluble DNA Carrier System” J. Biol. Chem. 262:4429-4432. [cited by applicant]
Yadav and Pitchumoni (2003) “Issues in Hyperlipidemic Pancreatitis” J Clinical Gastroenterol 36(1):54-62. [cited by applicant]
Zhang et al. (1994) “Positional cloning of the mouse obese gene and its human homologue”, Nature 372: 425-432. [cited by applicant]
Zhang et al. (2016) “Characteristics of patients potentially eligible for pharmacotherapy for weight loss in primary care practice in the United States” Obes Sci Pract. 2(2): 104-114. [cited by applicant]
Zuchero et al. (2016) “Discovery of Novel Blood-Brain Barrier Targets to Enhance Brain Uptake of Therapeutic Antibodies” Neuron 89:70-82. [cited by applicant]
European Publication Notice received for EP Application No. 21207469.4, dated Sep. 14, 2022, 1 page. [cited by applicant]
Mould and Green (2010) “Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Monoclonal Antibodies,” BioDrugs, 24(1):29-39. [cited by applicant]
Tyagi and Gupta (1998) “Chemical Modification and Chemical Crosslinking for Protein/Engzyme Stabilization,” Biochmistry, 63(3):395-407, Abstract Only. [cited by applicant]
Ahmann, et al. (2015) “Efficacy and safety of liraglutide versus placebo added to basal insulin analogues (with or without metformin) in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial,” Diabetes, … [cited by applicant]
Bhaskar, et al. (2016) “An Allosteric Antibody to the Leptin Receptor Reduces Body Weight and Reverses the Diabetic Phenotype in the Lep [cited by applicant]
Bray and Wadden (2015) “Improving Long-Term Weight Loss Maintenance: Can We Do It?”, Obesity 23:2-3. [cited by applicant]
Chagnon et al. (2000) “Associations Between the Leptin Receptor Gene and Adiposity in Middle-Aged Caucasian Males from the Heritage Family Study”, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 85(1):29-34. [cited by applicant]
Ehring (1999) “Hydrogen Exchange/Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry Studies of Structural Features of Proteins and Protein/Protein Interactions” Analytical Biochemistry 267(2):252-259. [cited by applicant]
Farooqi, et al. (2007) “Clinical and Molecular Genetic Spectrum of Congenital Deficiency of the Leptin Receptor,” N. Engl. J. Med. 356:237-247. [cited by applicant]
Friedman and Halaas (1998) “Leptin and the regulation of body weight in mammals” Nature 395(6704):763-70. [cited by applicant]
Garg (2011) “Lipodystrophies: Genetic and Acquired Body Fat Disorders”, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 96(11):3313-3325. [cited by applicant]
Goel, et al. (2004) “Plasticity Within The Antigen-Combining Site May Manifest as Molecular Mimicry in the Humoral Immune Response”, J. Immunol., 173:7358-7367. [cited by applicant]
Goodson (1984) in Medical Applications of Controlled Release, vol. 2, pp. 115-138. [cited by applicant]
Gorska, et al. (2010) “Leptin Receptors”, European Journal of Medical Research, 15(Supplemental II):50-54. [cited by applicant]
Halpern, et al. (2010) “Combinations of Drugs in the Treatment of Obesity”, Pharmaceuticals, 3:2398-2415. [cited by applicant]
Iepsen, et al. (2014) “Treatment With a GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Diminishes the Decrease in Free Plasma Leptin During Maintenance of Weight Loss,” International Journal of Obesity, 39(5):834-841. [cited by applicant]
Justice, et al. (2016) “Using the Mouse to Model Human Disease: Increasing Validity and Reproducibility”, Disease, Models & Mechanisms 9:101-103. [cited by applicant]
Kazane et al., (2012) “Synthesis of Bispecific Antibodies using Genetically Encoded Unnatural Amino Acids”, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 134:9918-9921 [Epub: Dec. 4, 2012]. [cited by applicant]
Khan, et al. (2014) “Adjustable Locks and Flexible Keys: Plasticity of Epitope-Paratope Interactions in Germline Antibodies”, J. Immunol. 192:5398-5405. [cited by applicant]
Li, et al. (2016) “The Role of Leptin in Central Nervous System Diseases”, NeuroReport 27(5):350-355. [cited by applicant]
Lin, et al. (2018) “Leptin signaling axis specifically associates with clinical prognosis and is multifunctional in regulating cancer progression”, Oncontarget 9(24):17210-17219. [cited by applicant]
Lloyd, et al. (2009) “Modeling the Human Immune Response: Performance of a 10(11) Human Antibody Repertoire Against a Broad Panel of Therapeutically Relevant Antigens.” Protein Engineering & Selection 22(3):159-168. [cited by applicant]
Mancour, et al. (2012) “Ligand-Induced Architecture of the Leptin Receptor Signaling Complex,” Molecular Cell 48:655-661. [cited by applicant]
Marcic et al. (2000) “Replacement of the Transmembrane Anchor in Angiotensin I-converting Enzyme (ACE) with a Glycosylphosphatidylinositol Tail Affects Activation of the B [cited by applicant]
Mak, et al. (2014) “Exploiting the therapeutic potential of leptin signaling in cachexia”, Current Opinion in Supportive and Palliative Care 8(4):352-357. [cited by applicant]
Mayo Clinic (2015) “Lipodystrophy Syndromes: New Treatment, Newer Questions”, Published online Sep. 1, 2015, 4 pages. [cited by applicant]
McMurphy et al., (2014) “The Anti-Tumor Activity of a Neutralizing Nanobody Targeting Leptin Receptor in a Mouse Model of Melanoma”, PLOS One (2014) 9(2):e89895. [cited by applicant]
Meehan, et al. (2016) “Metreleptin for Injection to Treat the Complications of Leptin Efficiency in Patients with Congenital or Acquired Generalized Lipodystrophy,” Clinical Pharmacology 9(1):59-68. [cited by applicant]
Molek, et al. ( 2014) “Screening of synthetic phage display scFv libraries yields competitive ligands of human leptin receptor”, Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 452(3):479-483. [cited by applicant]
Moon et al. (2013) “Leptin's Role in Lipodystrophic and Nonlipodystrophic Insulin-Resistant and Diabetic Individuals”, Endocrine Reviews, 34(3):377-412. [cited by applicant]
Morris, et al. (1996) “Epitope Mapping of Protein Antigens by Competition ELISA”, The Protein Protocols Handbook, Humana Press, pp. 595-600. [cited by applicant]
Osorio (2014) “Leptin and Leptin Receptor Expressions in Prostate Tumors May Predict Disease Aggressiveness?”, Acta Cirurgica Brasileira, 29(supl.3), 5pages. [cited by applicant]
Padlan (1994) “Anatomy of the Antibody Molecule”, Molecular Immunology, 31(3):169-217. [cited by applicant]
Park and Ahima (2014) “Leptin Signaling”, F1000Prime Reports, 73(6), 8 pages. [cited by applicant]
Paz-Filho, et al. (2014) “Leptin treatment: Facts and expectations,” Metabolism, pp. 1-11, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2014.07.014. [cited by applicant]
International Search Report and Written Opinion received for PCT/US2017/060690 on Jan. 10, 2018, 17 pages. [cited by applicant]
PCT International Search Report and Written Opinion received for PCT/US2016/056465, on Jan. 10, 2017. [cited by applicant]
Peelman, et al. (2014) “Insights into signaling assemblies of the leptin receptor,” Journal of Endocrinology 223:T9-T23. [cited by applicant]
Poosarla, et al. (2017) “Computational De Novo Design of Antibodies Binding to a Peptide With High Affinity”, Biotechn. Bioeng., 114(6):1331-1342. [cited by applicant]
Procaccini, et al. (2015) “Leptin in autoimmune diseases,” Metabolism Clinical and Experimental 64:92-104. [cited by applicant]
Rabia, et al. (2018) “Understanding and Overcoming Trade-Offs Between Antibody Affinity, Specificity, Stability and Solubility,” Biochemical Engineer Journal, 137:365-374. [cited by applicant]
Rosenbaum, et al. (2002) “Low Dose Leptin Administration Reverse Effects of Sustained Weight-Reduction on Energy Expenditure and Circulating Concentrations of Thyroid Hormones,” The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & M… [cited by applicant]
Rosenbaum, et al. (2005) “Low-dose Leptin Reverses Skeletal Muscle, Autonomic, and Neuroendocrine Adaptations to Maintenance of Reduced Weight” The Journal of Clinical Investigation 115(12):3579-3586. [cited by applicant]
Sweeney (2002) “Leptin signaling”, Cell Signal 14(8):655-663. [cited by applicant]
Tomer (2000) “Characterization of a discontinuous epitope of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) core protein p24 by epitope excision and differential chemical modification followed by mass spectrometric peptide mapp… [cited by applicant]
University of Utah Healthcare (2014) “Knowing the Difference Between Inherited and Acquired Cancers Can Save Lives”, Published online Sep. 5, 2014, 3 pages. [cited by applicant]
Ussar, et al. (2011) “Receptor Antibodies as Novel Therapeutics for Diabetes,” Science Translational Medicine, 3(113):22-24. [cited by applicant]
Wauman, et al. (2011) “Leptin Receptor Signaling: Pathways to Leptin Resistance”, Frontiers in Biosciences 16:2771-2793. [cited by applicant]
Zabeau et al. (2014) “Antagonizing leptin: current status and future directions” Biol. Chem. 395(5):499-514. [cited by applicant]
Akinci, et al. (2018) “Update on Therapeutic Options in Lipodystrophy,” Current Diabetes Reports 18 :139, pp. 1-12. [cited by applicant]
Al Qaraghuli, et al. (2020) “Antibody-Protein Binding and Conformational Changes: Identifying Allosteric Signaling Pathways to Engineer a Better Effector Response”, Nature Scientific Reports, 10:13969. [cited by applicant]
Kawaji, et al. (2001) “Anti-leptin Receptor Antibody Mimics the Stimulation of Lipolysis Induced by Leptin in Isolated Mouse Fat Pads”, Journal of Lipid Research, 42(10):1671-1677. [cited by applicant]
Kyratsous et al. (2015) “Reply to Dimitrov et al.:VelociSuite Technologies are a Foundation for Rapid Therapeutic Antibody Development”, PNAS 112(37) E5116. [cited by applicant]
Molina, et al. (2014) “Pressure Ulcers—Burns/Annals of Physical Rehabilitation Medicine,” Lipoatrophia Semicircularis: A case report Abstract P159-e, 57S : e212-e217. [cited by applicant]
Murphy, et al. (2014) “Mice with Megabase Humanization of their Immunoglobulin Genes Generate Antibodies as Efficiently as Normal Mice”, PNAS 111(14):5153-5158. [cited by applicant]
Nolis (2014) “Exploring the Pathophysiology Behind the More Common Genetic and Acquired Lipodystrophies,” Journal of Human Genetics, 59 : 16-23. [cited by applicant]
Phillips (2001) “The Challenge of Gene Therapy and DNA Delivery”, J. Pharm. Pharmacology 53:1169-1174. [cited by applicant]
Purdham, et al. (2008) “A Neutralizing Leptin Receptor Antibody Mitigates Hypertrophy and Hemodynamic Dysfunction in the Postinfarcted Rat Heart”, Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol., 295(1):H441-H446. [cited by applicant]
Accession No. NP_002294.2 TO: Protein [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US), National Center for Biotechnology Information; [2016]—Accession No. NP_002294.2, “Leptin Receptor Isoform 1 Precursor [ [cited by applicant]
Accession No. XP_005543194.1 TO: Protein [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US), National Center for Biotechnology Information; [2016]—Accession No. XP_005543194.1, “Predicted: Leptin Receptor Isof… [cited by applicant]
Fazeli et al. (2006) “Identification of a Monoclonal Antibody Against the Leptin Receptor That Acts as an Antagonist and Blocks Human Monocyte and T Cell Activation,” J Immunol. Methods, 312:190-200. [cited by applicant]
Hukshorn et al. (2000) “Weekly Subcutaneous Pegylated Recombinant Native Human Leptin (PEG-OB) Administration in Obese Men,” J Clin Endocrinol Metab., 85(11): 4003-4009. [cited by applicant]
Jakubke et al. (1985) “Amino Acids, Peptides, Proteins,” M. Mir., pp. 93-94 (Russian reference). [cited by applicant]
Jakubke et al. (1985) “Amino Acids, Peptides, Proteins,” M. Mir., pp. 93-94 (English translation of the Russian reference). [cited by applicant]
Kabat et al. (1991) “Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest,” 5th Edition (Bethesda, MD), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service National Institutes of Health, NIH Publication No. 9… [cited by applicant]
Klein et al. (2012) “Progress in Overcoming the Chain Association Issue in Bispecific Heterodimeric IgG Antibodies,” mAbs 4(6): 653-663. [cited by applicant]
Mashkovsky (2012) “Drugs,” 16th ed., revised, corrected and supplemented, M.:New Wave pp. 12-13 (Russian reference). [cited by applicant]
Mashkovsky (2012) “Drugs,” 16th ed., revised, corrected and supplemented, M.:New Wave pp. 12-13 (English translation of the Russian reference). [cited by applicant]
Mironov et al. (2012) “Guidelines for Conducting Preclinical Studies of Drugs, Part One,” M.:Grif and K, pp. 858-860, table 2 (Russian reference). [cited by applicant]
Mironov et al. (2012) “Guidelines for Conducting Preclinical Studies of Drugs, Part One,” M.:Grif and K, pp. 858-860, table 2 (English translation of the Russian reference). [cited by applicant]
Ravussin et al. (2014) “A Missing Link in Bodyweight Homeostasis: The Catabolic Signal of the Overfed State,” Cell Metab., 20(4): 565-572. [cited by applicant]
Selezneva et al. (2015) “Complex Approach to Study Pharmacological Agents In Vitro, Ex Vivo, In Vivo,” International Research Journal, 6(37): 125-127 In Russian with English Abstract. [cited by applicant]
Van Dielen et al. (2002) “Leptin and Soluble Leptin Receptor Levels in Obese and Weight-Losing Individuals,” J Clin Endocrinol Metab., 87(4): 1708-1716. [cited by applicant]
Yue et al. (2016) “Leptin Receptor Promotes Adipogenesis and Reduces Osteogenesis by Regulating Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Adult Bone Marrow,” Cell Stem Cell, 18(6): 782-796. [cited by applicant]
Horiuchi (2010) “Regulation of Bone Metabolism by Leptin, a Product of the Obese Gene”, The Journal of the Tokyo Dental College Society, 110(4): 448-451. [cited by applicant]
Accession No. NP_001003679.1 TO: Protein [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US), National Center for Biotechnology Information; [2019]—Accession No. NP_001003679.1, “Leptin Receptor Isoform 3 Precu… [cited by applicant]
Accession No. NP_002175.2 TO: Protein [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US), National Center for Biotechnology Information; [2019]—Accession No. NP_002175.2, “Interleukin-6 Receptor Subunit Beta I… [cited by applicant]
Ajluni et al. (2017) “Spectrum of Disease Associated with Partial Lipodystrophy: Lessons from A Trial Cohort”, Clin Endocrinol (Oxf), 86(5): 698-707. [cited by applicant]
Akinci et al. (2020) “Adipose Tissue, Appetite, and Obesity, Mechanisms and Treatment of Obesity in Humans, The Treatment of Partial Lipodystrophy in the Setting of Neutralizing Antibody Against Metreleptin with Leptin … [cited by applicant]
Akinci et al. (2020) “The Complicated Clinical Course in A Case of Atypical Lipodystrophy After Development of Neutralizing Antibody to Metreleptin: Treatment with Setmelanotide”, Endocrinol Diabetes Metab Case Rep., 1-… [cited by applicant]
Akinci et al. (2018) “Phenotypic and Genetic Characteristics of Lipodystrophy: Pathophysiology, Metabolic Abnormalities, and Comorbidities”, Curr Diab Rep., 18(12):143, 1-12. [cited by applicant]
Akinci et al. (2018) “Renal Complications of Lipodystrophy: A Closer Look at The Natural History of Kidney Disease”, Clin Endocrinol (Oxf), 89(1):65-75. [cited by applicant]
Akinci et al. (2017) “Clinical Presentations, Metabolic Abnormalities and End-Organ Complications in Patients with Familial Partial Lipodystrophy”, Metabolism-Clin and Exp., 72: 109-119. [cited by applicant]
Altschul (1993) “A Protein Alignment Scoring System Sensitive at all Evolutionary Distances”, J. Mol. Evol., 36:290-300. [cited by applicant]
ALTSCHUL (1991) “Amino Acid Substitution Matrices from an Information Theoretic Perspective”, J. Mol. Biol., 219: 555-565. [cited by applicant]
Altschul et al. (2005) “Protein Database Searches Using Compositionally Adjusted Substitution Matrices”, FEBS J., 272(20): 5101-5109. [cited by applicant]
Anonymus (2019) “Study of REGN4461, a Leptin Receptor Agonist Antibody, in Patient with Generalized Lipodystrophy”, Full Text View, ClinicalTrials.gov, Nov. 12, 2019, 10 pages. [cited by applicant]
Anthony (2008) “Nutrition Screening Tools for Hospitalized Patients”, Nutr. Clin. Pract. 23: 373-382. [cited by applicant]
Aslam et al. (2013) “Acquired Generalized Lipodystrophy Associated with Peripheral Tcell Lymphoma with Cutaneous Infiltration”, International J. Dermatol., 54: 827-829. [cited by applicant]
Baca et al. (1997) “Antibody Humanization Using Monovalent Phage Display,” J Biol Chem., 272(16): 10678-10684. [cited by applicant]
Bahrenberg et al. (2002) “Identification of the Critical Sequence Elements in the Cytoplasmic Domain of Leptin Receptor Isoforms Required for Janus Kinase/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription Activation by R… [cited by applicant]
Barbas (1995) “Synthetic Human Antibodies”, Nat Med., 1(8): 837-839. [cited by applicant]
Barr et al. (1999) “Subcellular Localization and Internalization of the Four Human Leptin Receptor Isoforms”, J Biol Chem., 274(30): 21416-21424. [cited by applicant]
Barsh & Schwartz (2002) “Genetic Approaches to Studying Energy Balance: Perception and Integration”, Nat Rev Genet., 3(8): 589-600. [cited by applicant]
Bates & Myers (2003) “The Role of Leptin Receptor Signaling in Feeding and Neuroendocrine Function”, Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism, 14(10): 447-452. [cited by applicant]
Bates et al. (2003) “STAT3 Signaling is Required for Leptin Regulation of Energy Balance but not Reproduction”, Nature 421: 856-859. [cited by applicant]
Bendig (1995) “Humanization of Rodent Monoclonal Antibodies by CDR Grafting”, Method3: A Companion to Methods in Enzymology, 8: 83-93. [cited by applicant]
Bingham et al. (2008) “Predictors of Acquired Lipodystrophy in Juvenile-Onset Dermatomyositis and A Gradient Of Severity”, Medicine (Baltimore), 87(2): 70-86. [cited by applicant]
Bjornholm et al. (2007) “Mice Lacking Inhibitory Leptin Receptor Signals are Lean with Normal Endocrine Function”, J. Clin. Invest., 117: 1354-1360. [cited by applicant]
Boersma and Pluckthun (2011) “DARPins and Other Repeat Protein Scaffolds: Advances in Engineering and Applications”, Curr. Opin. Biotechnol., 22: 849-857. [cited by applicant]
Bolan et al. (2002) “Intensive, Long-Term Plasma Exchange Therapy for Severe Hypertriglyceridemia in Acquired Generalized Lipoatrophy”, J Clin Endocrinol Metab., 87(1): 380-384. [cited by applicant]
Brennan et al. (1985) “Preparation of Bispecific Antibodies by Chemical Recombination of Monoclonal Immunoglobulin G1 Fragments,” Science, 229: 81-83. [cited by applicant]
Brown et al. (2018) “Long-Term Effectiveness and Safety of Metreleptin in The Treatment of Patients with Generalized Lipodystrophy”, Endocrine, 60(3): 479-489. [cited by applicant]
Brown et al. (2016) “Lymphoma in Acquired Generalized Lipodystrophy”, Leuk Lymphoma, 57(1): 45-50. [cited by applicant]
Bülbül et al. (2001) “Acute Pancreatitis in A Patient with Partial Lipodystrophy and Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis”, Nephrol Dial Transplant., 16(9): 1930-1931. [cited by applicant]
Carpenter et al. (2000) “Non-Fc Receptor-Binding Humanized Anti-CD3 Antibodies Induce Apoptosis of Activated Human T Cells,” J Immunol. 165(11): 6205-6213. [cited by applicant]
Carpenter et al. (1998) “Enhancing Leptin Response by Preventing SH2-containing Phosphate 2 Interaction with Ob Receptor”, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 95: 6061-6066. [cited by applicant]
Carter (2001) “Bispecific Human IgG by Design”, J Immunol Meth., 248: 7-15. [cited by applicant]
CAsset et al. (2003) “A Peptide Mimetic of an Anti-CD4 Monoclonal Antibody by Rational Design”, Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 307: 198-205. [cited by applicant]
Ceddia (2005) “Direct Metabolic Regulation in Skeletal Muscle and Fat Tissue by Leptin: Implications for Glucose and Fatty Acids Homeostasis”, Int J Obes., 29(10): 1175-1183. [cited by applicant]
Chen et al. (1996) “Evidence That the Diabetes Gene Encodes the Leptin Receptor: Identification of a Mutation in the Leptin Receptor Gene in db/db Mice”, Cell, 84(3): 491-495. [cited by applicant]
Cheung (2014) “A Pegylated Leptin Antagonist Ameliorates CKD-Associated Cachexia in Mice”, J Am Soc Nephrol., 25(1): 119-128. [cited by applicant]
Chothia et al. (1989) “Conformations of Immunoglobulin Hypervariable Regions”, Nature, 342: 877-883. [cited by applicant]
Chothia et al. (1987) “Canonical Structures for The Hypervariable Regions of Immunoglobulins”, J. Mol. Biol., 196: 901-917. [cited by applicant]
“A Study to Examine the Safety, Tolerability and Biological Effects of REGN4461 in Healthy Volunteers [ClinicalTrials.gov posting, identifier NCT03530514]. Accessed May 21, 2018.” [cited by applicant]
“A Study to Examine the Safety, Tolerability and Biological Effects of REGN4461 in Healthy Volunteers [ClinicalTrials.gov posting, identifier NCT03530514]. Accessed Jul. 9, 2018.” [cited by applicant]
“A Study to Examine the Safety, Tolerability and Biological Effects of REGN4461 in Healthy Volunteers [ClinicalTrials.gov posting, identifier NCT03530514]. Accessed Nov. 15, 2019.” [cited by applicant]
“A Study to Examine the Safety, Tolerability and Biological Effects of REGN4461 in Healthy Volunteers [ClinicalTrials.gov posting, identifier NCT03530514]. Accessed Mar. 9, 2020.” [cited by applicant]
“Study of REGN4461, a Leptin Receptor Agonist Antibody, in Patients with Generalized Lipodystrophy [ClinicalTrials.gov posting, identifier NCT04159415]. Accessed Nov. 12, 2019.” [cited by applicant]
“Study of REGN4461, a Leptin Receptor Agonist Antibody, in Patients with Generalized Lipodystrophy [ClinicalTrials.gov posting, identifier NCT04159415]. Accessed Jan. 29, 2020.” [cited by applicant]
Cited By (1)
US 12,715,927