Organic light-emitting device
Provided is an organic light-emitting device including an emission layer that includes a sensitizer, a fluorescent emitter, and a host.
1. An organic light-emitting device comprising:
a first electrode; a second electrode; and an organic layer between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein
the organic layer comprises an emission layer,
the emission layer comprises a sensitizer, a fluorescent emitter, and a host, the sensitizer comprises ruthenium (Ru), palladium (Pd), rhenium (Re), osmium (Os), platinum (Pt), or any combination thereof,
and
the sensitizer and the fluorescent emitter satisfy Inequality 1 below:
| E adia T1 SE)− E vert S1 (FL)|<0.2 eV Inequality 1
In Inequality 1,
E adia T1 (SE) indicates an adiabatic triplet excitation energy of the sensitizer, and
E vert S1 (FL) indicates a vertical singlet excitation energy of the fluorescent emitter,
wherein the fluorescent emitter is a compound represented by Formula 511:
wherein, in Formula 511,
L 511 to L 514 are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 cycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10 heterocycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 cycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10 heterocycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60 heteroarylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,
xd11 to xd14 are each independently 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5,
R 511 to R 514 are each independently a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, or a dibenzothiophenyl group; or
a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, or a dibenzothiophenyl group, each substituted with at least one of deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C 1 -C 20 alkyl group, a C 1 -C 20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, or any combination thereof, and
xe11 to xe14 are each independently 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8.
2. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1 , wherein the sensitizer comprises an organometallic compound represented by Formula 101 below:
M 11 (L 11 ) n11 (L 12 ) n12 Formula 101
In Formula 101,
M 11 is Ru, Pd, Re, Os, or Pt;
L 11 is a ligand represented by one of Formulae 1-1 to 1-4 below;
L 12 is a monodentate ligand or a bidentate ligand;
n11 is 1; and
n12 is 0, 1, or 2,
wherein when n12 is 2, then each occurrence of L 12 is the same or different,
wherein, in Formulae 1-1 to 1-4,
A 1 to A 4 are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted C 5 -C 30 carbocyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 30 heterocyclic group, or a non-cyclic group,
Y 11 to Y 14 are each independently a chemical bond, O, S, N(R 91 ), B(R 91 ), P(R 91 ), or C(R 91 )(R 92 ),
T 1 to T 4 are each independently a single bond, a double bond, *—N(R 93 )—*′, *—B(R 93 )—*′, *—P(R 93 )—*′, *—C(R 93 )(R 94 )—*′, *—Si(R 93 )(R 94 )—*′, *—Ge(R 93 )(R 94 )—*′, *—S—*′, *—Se—*′, *—O—*′, *—C(═O)—*′, *—S(═O)—*′, *—S(═O) 2 —*′, *—C(R 93 )—*′, *═C(R 93 )—*′, *—C(R 93 )═C(R 94 )—*′, *—C(═S)—*′, or *—C≡C—*′,
a substituent of the C 5 -C 30 carbocyclic group, a substituent of the substituted C 1 -C 30 heterocyclic group, and R 91 to R 94 are each independently hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —SF 5 , a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 60 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 60 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q 1 )(Q 2 )(Q 3 ), —B(Q 1 )(Q 2 ), —N(Q 1 )(Q 2 ), —P(Q 1 )(Q 2 ), —C(═O)(Q 1 ), —S(═O)(Q 1 ), —S(═O) 2 (Q 1 ), —P(═O)(Q 1 )(Q 2 ), or —P(═S)(Q 1 )(Q 2 ),
* 1 , * 2 , * 3 , and * 4 each indicate a binding site to M 11 , and
Q 1 to Q 3 are each independently hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C 1 -C 60 alkyl group, a C 2 -C 60 alkenyl group, a C 2 -C 60 alkynyl group, a C 1 -C 60 alkoxy group, a C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl group, a C 1 -C 10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C 3 -C 10 cycloalkenyl group, a C 1 -C 10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C 6 -C 60 aryl group, a C 7 -C 60 alkyl aryl group, a C 6 -C 60 aryloxy group, a C 6 -C 60 arylthio group, a C 1 -C 60 heteroaryl group, a C 2 -C 60 alkyl heteroaryl group, a C 1 -C 60 heteroaryloxy group, a C 1 -C 60 heteroarylthio group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a C 1 -C 60 alkyl group that is substituted with at least one deuterium, —F, a cyano group, a C 1 -C 60 alkyl group, a C 6 -C 60 aryl group, or any combination thereof, or a C 6 -C 60 aryl group that is substituted with deuterium, —F, a cyano group, a C 1 -C 60 alkyl group, a C 6 -C 60 aryl group, or any combination thereof.
3. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1 , wherein
the sensitizer comprises an organometallic compound represented by Formula 111 below:
In Formula 111,
M 11 , Y 11 to Y 14 , and T 1 to T 3 are each the same as described in claim 2 ,
A 11 to A 14 are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted C 5 -C 30 carbocyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 30 heterocyclic group, or a non-cyclic group,
X 10 , X 11 , X 20 to X 22 , X 30 to X 32 , X 40 , and X 41 are each independently C or N,
R 10 , R 20 , R 30 , and R 40 are each independently hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —SF 5 , a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 60 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 60 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q 1 )(Q 2 )(Q 3 ), —B(Q 1 )(Q 2 ), —N(Q 1 )(Q 2 ), —P(Q 1 )(Q 2 ), —C(═O)(Q 1 ), —S(═O)(Q 1 ), —S(═O) 2 (Q 1 ), —P(═O)(Q 1 )(Q 2 ), or —P(═S)(Q 1 )(Q 2 ),
b 10 , b 20 , b 30 , and b 40 are each independently an integer from 1 to 10, and
Q 1 to Q 3 are each independently hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C 1 -C 60 alkyl group, a C 2 -C 60 alkenyl group, a C 2 -C 60 alkynyl group, a C 1 -C 60 alkoxy group, a C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl group, a C 1 -C 10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C 3 -C 10 cycloalkenyl group, a C 1 -C 10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C 6 -C 60 aryl group, a C 7 -C 60 alkyl aryl group, a Co-Coo aryloxy group, a C 6 -C 60 arylthio group, a C 1 -C 60 heteroaryl group, a C 2 -C 60 alkyl heteroaryl group, a C 1 -C 60 heteroaryloxy group, a C 1 -C 60 heteroarylthio group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a C 1 -C 60 alkyl group that is substituted with at least one deuterium, —F, a cyano group, a C 1 -C 60 alkyl group, a C 6 -Coo aryl group, or any combination thereof, or a C 6 -C 60 aryl group that is substituted with at least one deuterium, —F, a cyano group, a C 1 -C 60 alkyl group, a C 6 -C 60 aryl group, or any combination thereof.
4. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1 , wherein the sensitizer comprises Pt.
5. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1 , wherein a luminescence spectrum in a film state of the sensitizer has a full-width at half maximum (FWHM) of about 10 nm to about 50 nm.
6. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1 , wherein the fluorescent emitter does not comprise a metal atom.
7. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1 , wherein the fluorescent emitter satisfies Inequality 2 below:
| T 1(FL)− S 1(FL)|>0.2 eV Inequality 2
wherein, in Inequality 2,
T1(FL) indicates a lowest excitation triplet energy level of the fluorescent emitter, and
S1(FL) indicates a lowest excitation singlet energy level the fluorescent emitter.
8. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1 , wherein an emission wavelength of the fluorescent emitter comprises a maximum emission wavelength of about 410 nm to about 490 nm.
9. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1 , wherein the host has a triplet energy level of about 2.9 eV or more.
10. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1 , wherein the host comprises at least one a fluorene-containing compound, a carbazole-containing compound, a dibenzofuran-containing compound, a dibenzothiophene-containing compound, an indenocarbazole-containing compound, an indolocarbazole-containing compound, a benzofurocarbazole-containing compound, a benzothienocarbazole-containing compound, an acridine-containing compound, a dihydroacridine-containing compound, a triindolobenzene-containing compound, pyridine-containing compound, a pyrimidine-containing compound, a triazine-containing compound, a silicon-containing compound, a cyano group-containing compound, a phosphine oxide-containing compound, a sulfoxide-containing compound, a sulfonyl-containing compound, or any combination thereof.
11. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1 , wherein the host is a mixture of two or more different compounds.
12. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1 , wherein the emission layer consists of the host, the sensitizer, and the fluorescent emitter.
13. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1 , wherein the host and the sensitizer each do not emit light.
14. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1 , wherein the emission layer emits blue light having a maximum emission wavelength of about 410 nm to about 490 nm.
15. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1 , wherein in the emission layer, an amount of the sensitizer is greater than that of the fluorescent emitter.
16. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1 , wherein
in the emission layer, a volume ratio of the host and the sensitizer is about 60:40 to about 95:5, and
in the emission layer, a volume ratio of the sensitizer and the fluorescent emitter is about 30:0.1 to about 10:3.