Granted Patent B2

US 12,376,763 · App. 18/202,140 · Granted Aug 5, 2025

Inventors: Miaolei Yan (Santa Clara, CA); Tong Chen (Fremont, CA); Nicholas C. Soldner (Los Altos, CA)

Assignee: Apple Inc.

A61B5/0873A61B5/0082A61B5/6803

Abstract

Claims (60)

1. A head mounted device, comprising:

a housing;

one or more interferometric sensors disposed in the housing, each of the one or more interferometric sensors configured to:

emit electromagnetic radiation towards an expected airflow path for respiration of a user; and

generate one or more interferometric signals including information about particle movement in the expected airflow path for respiration of the user, wherein:

the one or more interferometric sensors comprise a first interferometric sensor and a second interferometric sensor; and

the first interferometric sensor includes one or more of a focal length, a depth of field, a numerical aperture, an angle of incidence with respect to a plane located in the expected airflow path for respiration of the user, and one or more characteristics of the electromagnetic radiation emitted therefrom that is different from the second interferometric sensor.

2. The head mounted device of claim 1 , further comprising processing circuitry communicably coupled to the one or more interferometric sensors and configured to determine respiration information about the user using the one or more interferometric signals.

3. The head mounted device of claim 2 , wherein the respiration information includes one or more of:

respiration rate;

respiration velocity;

respiration volume;

respiration quality;

whether a user is breathing through a nose or a mouth;

information about particles inhaled; or

information about particles exhaled.

4. The head mounted device of claim 1 , wherein the one or more interferometric sensors include self-mixing interferometric (SMI) sensors.

5. The head mounted device of claim 1 , wherein the one or more interferometric sensors include Mach-Zender interferometric (MZI) sensors.

6. The head mounted device of claim 1 , further comprising one or more reference interferometric sensors, the one or more reference interferometric sensors configured to:

emit electromagnetic radiation towards an area outside the expected airflow path for respiration of the user; and

generate one or more reference interferometric signals including information about particle movement in the area outside the expected airflow path for respiration of the user.

7. The head mounted device of claim 6 , wherein the processing circuitry is communicably coupled to the one or more reference interferometric sensors and configured to determine the respiration information about the user based on the one or more interferometric signals and the one or more reference interferometric signals.

8. The head mounted device of claim 1 , further comprising a display disposed in the housing.

9. The head mounted device of claim 8 , wherein the processing circuitry is communicably coupled to the display and configured to cause the display to change in response to respiration of the user.

10. A method of operating a head mounted device, comprising:

generating, from a set of one or more interferometric sensors disposed in a housing of the head mounted device, one or more interferometric signals including information about particle movement caused by respiration of a user;

determining, by processing circuitry in the head mounted device, respiration information about the user based on the one or more interferometric signals; and

generating, from a set of one or more reference interferometric sensors in the housing of the head mounted device, one or more reference interferometric signals including information about particle movement that is not caused by respiration of the user.

11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the respiration information about the user includes one or more of:

respiration rate;

respiration velocity;

respiration volume;

respiration quality;

whether a user is breathing through a nose or a mouth;

information about particles inhaled; and

information about particles exhaled.

12. The method of claim 10 , wherein the one or more interferometric sensors are self-mixing interferometric (SMI) sensors.

13. The method of claim 10 , wherein the one or more interferometric sensors are Mach-Zender interferometric (MZI) sensors.

14. The method of claim 10 , wherein the respiration information about the user is determined based on the one or more interferometric signals and the one or more reference interferometric signals.

15. A head mounted device, comprising:

a housing;

a first interferometric sensor disposed in the housing and configured to:

emit first electromagnetic radiation towards a first expected airflow path for respiration of a user; and

generate first interferometric signals including information about particle movement in the first expected airflow path for respiration of the user;

a second interferometric sensor disposed in the housing and configured to:

emit second electromagnetic radiation towards a second expected airflow path for respiration of the user, the second expected airflow path different from the first expected airflow path; and

generate second interferometric signals including information about particle movement in the second expected airflow path for respiration of the user; and

a plurality of electromagnetic radiation detectors distributed within the housing and comprising:

first electromagnetic radiation detectors configured to generate first detector signals including information about reflections of the first electromagnetic radiation emitted from the first interferometric sensor from one or more particles in the first expected airflow path; and

second electromagnetic radiation detectors configured to generate second detector signals including information about reflections of the second electromagnetic radiation emitted from the second interferometric sensor from one or more particles in the second expected airflow path.

16. The head mounted device of claim 15 , further comprising processing circuitry communicably coupled to the first and second interferometric sensors and the first and second electromagnetic radiation detectors, the processing circuitry configured to determine a particle size of one or more particles in the first and second expected airflow paths for respiration of the user based on the first and second interferometric signals and the first and second detector signals.

17. The head mounted device of claim 16 , wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to determine respiration information about the user based on the first and second interferometric signals and the first and second detector signals.

18. The head mounted device of claim 17 , wherein the respiration information includes one or more of:

respiration rate;

respiration velocity;

respiration volume;

respiration quality;

whether a user is breathing through a nose or a mouth;

information about particles inhaled; and

information about particles exhaled.

Assignments (1)

Continuity (3)

References Cited (104)