IP Library › Granted Patent US 12,376,817
Granted Patent B2
US 12,376,817 · App. 17/979,601 · Granted Aug 5, 2025

Optimized functionality through interoperation of doppler and image based vessel differentiation

Inventors: Steffan Sowards (Salt Lake City, UT); Anthony K. Misener (Bountiful, UT); William Robert McLaughlin (Bountiful, UT)
Assignee: Bard Access Systems, Inc.
A61B8/06A61B8/488A61B8/0833
View Patent ↗
Loading inventors, assignments & file history…
Monitor This Case
Get email alerts when status or documents change.
Order Certified Copies
Most orders are placed with the USPTO same day — all within 24 business hours.
Order via The Patent Place →
Pre-filled with this patent's details
Quick Facts
Patent No.
US 12,376,817
App. No.
17/979,601
Granted
Aug 5, 2025
Kind
B2
Abstract

An ultrasound-imaging system includes an ultrasound probe coupled with a console. Operations of the system can include detecting one or more blood vessels within the ultrasound image and identifying each blood vessel as a vein, an artery or other anatomic element using doppler ultrasound functionality of the ultrasound probe. Operations can also include determining a confidence for the blood vessel identification, and defining a window for doppler ultrasound operation. Operations can further include assessing a blood flow rate within blood vessels, and superimposing notifications atop the ultrasound image pertaining to the identity of the blood vessel including a confidence for the identity.

Claims (51)

1. An ultrasound-imaging system, comprising:

an ultrasound probe including an array of ultrasonic transducers, activated ultrasonic transducers of the array of ultrasonic transducers configured to emit generated ultrasound signals into a patient, receive reflected ultrasound signals from the patient, and convert the reflected ultrasound signals into corresponding electrical signals of the reflected ultrasound signals for processing into ultrasound image data and doppler ultrasound data; and

a console configured to communicate with the ultrasound probe, the console including one or more processors and a non-transitory computer-readable medium having stored thereon logic that, when executed by the one or more processors, causes operations including:

obtaining ultrasound image data of a predefined target area of the patient;

defining an ultrasound image from the ultrasound image data;

detecting one or more blood vessels within the ultrasound image;

obtaining doppler ultrasound data pertaining to blood flow within the one or more blood vessels;

determining a condition of the blood flow based at least partially on doppler ultrasound data; and

identifying the one or more blood vessels as a vein or alternatively as an artery based at least partially on the condition of the blood flow within the one or more blood vessels,

wherein:

determining the condition of the blood flow includes determining a pulse timing difference between a first point in time of a blood flow pulse within a first blood vessel of the one or more blood vessels and a corresponding second point in time of the blood flow pulse within a second blood vessel of the one or more blood vessels based on the doppler ultrasound data; and

the operations further include identifying (i) the first blood vessel as a vein, and (ii) the second blood vessel as an artery based at least partially on the pulse timing difference.

2. The ultrasound-imaging system of claim 1 , wherein determining the condition includes determining a direction of the blood flow within the one or more blood vessels based on doppler ultrasound data, the direction determined with respect to an image plane of the ultrasound image, the operations further including identifying the one or more blood vessels based at least partially on the direction of the blood flow.

3. The ultrasound-imaging system of claim 1 , wherein determining the condition includes determining a magnitude of the blood flow within the one or more blood vessels based on doppler ultrasound data, the operations further including identifying the one or more blood vessels based at least partially on the magnitude of the blood flow.

4. The ultrasound-imaging system of claim 1 , wherein determining the condition includes determining a pulsatility of the blood flow within the one or more blood vessels based on doppler ultrasound data, the operations further including:

comparing the pulsatility with a pulsatility limit stored in memory; and

as a result of the comparing, further at least partially identifying the one or more blood vessels (i) as an artery when the pulsatility exceeds the pulsatility limit or (ii) as a vein when the pulsatility is less than the pulsatility limit.

5. The ultrasound-imaging system of claim 4 , wherein:

the ultrasound-imaging system is configured to obtain an ECG signal from the patient via an ECG monitor coupled with the console, and

the operations further include determining the pulsatility of the blood flow in coordination with the ECG signal.

6. The ultrasound-imaging system of claim 1 , wherein the operations further include:

determining a cross-sectional shape of the one or more blood vessels based on ultrasound image data; and

further identifying the one or more blood vessels as a vein or an artery based at least partially on the cross-sectional shape.

7. The ultrasound-imaging system of claim 6 , wherein identifying the one or more blood vessels based on the cross-sectional shape includes:

comparing the cross-sectional shape of the one or more blood vessels with an elliptical shape limit stored in memory, and

as a result of the comparing, identifying the one or more blood vessels (i) as an artery when the cross-sectional shape is less than the elliptical shape limit or (ii) as a vein when the cross-sectional shape exceeds the elliptical shape limit.

8. The ultrasound-imaging system of claim 1 , wherein the operations further include determining a confidence for the identification of the one or more blood vessels based on one or more of:

a direction of the blood flow,

a magnitude of the blood flow,

a pulsatility of the blood flow,

the pulse timing difference of the blood flow, or

a cross-sectional shape.

9. The ultrasound-imaging system of claim 1 , wherein:

the operations further include defining a doppler ultrasound window extending at least partially across the ultrasound image,

the doppler ultrasound window defines a portion of the ultrasound image for obtaining doppler ultrasound data, and

the doppler ultrasound window encompasses the one or more blood vessels.

10. The ultrasound-imaging system of claim 9 , wherein defining the doppler ultrasound window includes automatically defining the doppler ultrasound window upon detecting the one or more blood vessels.

11. The ultrasound-imaging system of claim 9 , wherein defining the doppler ultrasound window includes:

receiving an input via an input device of the ultrasound-imaging system; and

defining the doppler ultrasound window based on the input, the input including a selected portion of the ultrasound image.

12. The ultrasound-imaging system of claim 11 , wherein the input device includes a graphical user interface of a display.

13. The ultrasound-imaging system of claim 11 , wherein the input device includes control buttons of the ultrasound probe.

14. The ultrasound-imaging system of claim 9 , wherein the ultrasound probe further includes an array of magnetic sensors configured to convert magnetic signals from a magnetized medical device including a needle into corresponding electrical signals of the magnetic signals for processing by the one or more processor into at least one of position information and orientation information of the magnetized medical device with respect to the predefined target area.

15. The ultrasound-imaging system of claim 14 , wherein the operations further include superimposing an iconographic representation of the magnetized medical device atop the ultrasound image.

16. The ultrasound-imaging system of claim 15 , wherein the operations further include defining the doppler ultrasound window based on at least one of a position or an orientation of the iconographic representation of the magnetized medical device atop the ultrasound image.

17. The ultrasound-imaging system of claim 15 , wherein the operations further include selecting a blood vessel of interest from the one or more blood vessels based on at least one of a position and an orientation of the iconographic representation of the magnetized medical device atop the ultrasound image.

18. The ultrasound-imaging system of claim 1 , the ultrasound probe further including: an accelerometer, a gyroscope, a magnetometer, or a combination thereof configured to provide tracking data to the console, the tracking data pertaining to at least one of a position and an orientation of the ultrasound probe with respect to a trajectory of the one or more blood vessels, wherein the operations further include processing the tracking data in combination with obtaining the doppler ultrasound data to enhance an accuracy of determining of at least one of a direction or a magnitude of blood flow within the one or more blood vessels.

19. The ultrasound-imaging system of claim 1 , wherein the operations further include:

portraying the ultrasound image on a display of the system; and

superimposing a notification atop the ultrasound image, the notification including the identification of the blood vessel.

20. The ultrasound-imaging system of claim 19 , wherein the notification further includes a confidence for the identification of the one or more blood vessels.

Continuity (2)
Provisional Application 63275242 · Nov 3, 2021
Related Publication 20230138970A1 · May 4, 2023
References Cited (400)
US 3697917A · Orth et al. · 1972 [cited by applicant]
US 5148809A · Biegeleisen-Knight et al. · 1992 [cited by applicant]
US 5181513A · Touboul et al. · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5325293A · Dorne · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5349865A · Kavli et al. · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5441052A · Miyajima · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5549554A · Miraki · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5573529A · Haak et al. · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5758650A · Miller et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5775322A · Silverstein et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5879297A · Haynor et al. · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 5897503A · Lyon et al. · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 5908387A · LeFree et al. · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 5967984A · Chu et al. · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 5970119A · Hofmann · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 6004270A · Urbano et al. · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 6019724A · Gronningsaeter et al. · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6068599A · Saito et al. · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6074367A · Hubbell · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6129668A · Haynor et al. · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6132379A · Patacsil et al. · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6216028B1 · Jaynor et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6233476B1 · Strommer et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6245018B1 · Lee · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6263230B1 · Haynor et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6375615B1 · Flaherty et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6436043B2 · Bonnefous · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6498942B1 · Esenaliev et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6503205B2 · Manor et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6508769B2 · Bonnefous · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6511458B2 · Milo et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6524249B2 · Moehring et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6543642B1 · Milliorn · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6554771B1 · Buil et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6592520B1 · Peszynski et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6592565B2 · Twardowski · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6601705B2 · Molina et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6612992B1 · Hossack et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6613002B1 · Clark et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6623431B1 · Sakuma et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6641538B2 · Nakaya et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6647135B2 · Bonnefous · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6687386B1 · Ito et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 6733458B1 · Steins et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 6749569B1 · Pellegretti · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 6754608B2 · Svanerudh et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 6755789B2 · Stringer et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 6840379B2 · Franks-Farah et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 6857196B2 · Dalrymple · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 6979294B1 · Selzer et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 7074187B2 · Selzer et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 7244234B2 · Ridley et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 7359554B2 · Klingensmith et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 7534209B2 · Abend et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 7599730B2 · Hunter et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 7637870B2 · Flaherty et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 7681579B2 · Schwartz · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7691061B2 · Hirota · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7699779B2 · Sasaki et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7720520B2 · Willis · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7727153B2 · Fritz et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7734326B2 · Pedain et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7831449B2 · Ying et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7905837B2 · Suzuki · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 7925327B2 · Weese · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 7927278B2 · Selzer et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 8014848B2 · Birkenbach et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 8038619B2 · Steinbacher · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 8060181B2 · Rodriguez Ponce et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 8075488B2 · Burton · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 8090427B2 · Eck et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8105239B2 · Specht · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8172754B2 · Watanabe et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8175368B2 · Sathyanarayana · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8200313B1 · Rambod et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8211023B2 · Swan et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8228347B2 · Beasley et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8298147B2 · Huennekens et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8303505B2 · Webler et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8323202B2 · Roschak et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8328727B2 · Miele et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8336536B1 · Wood-Putnam et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8388541B2 · Messerly et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8409103B2 · Grunwald et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8449465B2 · Nair et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8553954B2 · Saikia · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8556815B2 · Pelissier et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8585600B2 · Liu et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8622913B2 · Dentinger et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8706457B2 · Hart et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8727988B2 · Flaherty et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8734357B2 · Taylor · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8744211B2 · Owen · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8754865B2 · Merritt et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8764663B2 · Smok et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8781194B2 · Malek et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8781555B2 · Burnside et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8790263B2 · Randall et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8849382B2 · Cox et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8939908B2 · Suzuki et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 8961420B2 · Zhang · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9022940B2 · Meier · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9087147B1 · Fonte · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9138290B2 · Hadjicostis · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9199082B1 · Yared et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9204858B2 · Pelissier et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9220477B2 · Urabe et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9295447B2 · Shah · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9320493B2 · Visveshwara · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9357980B2 · Toji et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9364171B2 · Harris et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9427207B2 · Sheldon et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9445780B2 · Hossack et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9456766B2 · Cox et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9456804B2 · Tamada · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9468413B2 · Hall et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9492097B2 · Wilkes et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9521961B2 · Silverstein et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9554716B2 · Burnside et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9582876B2 · Specht · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9610061B2 · Ebbini et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9636031B2 · Cox · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9649037B2 · Lowe et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9649048B2 · Cox et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9702969B2 · Hope Simpson et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9715757B2 · Ng et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9717415B2 · Cohen et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9731066B2 · Liu et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9814433B2 · Benishti et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9814531B2 · Yagi et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9861337B2 · Patwardhan et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 9895138B2 · Sasaki · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 9913605B2 · Harris et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 9949720B2 · Southard et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 10043272B2 · Forzoni et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 10449330B2 · Newman et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10524691B2 · Newman et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 10751509B2 · Misener · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 11564861B1 · Gaines · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 11900593B2 · Dhatt et al. · 2024 [cited by applicant]
US 20020038088A1 · Imran et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 20030047126A1 · Tomaschko · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 20030106825A1 · Molina et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 20030109910A1 · Lachenbruch et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 20030120154A1 · Sauer et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 20030125629A1 · Ustuner · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 20030135115A1 · Burdette et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 20030149366A1 · Stringer et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 20030216648A1 · Lizzi et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 20040015080A1 · Kelly et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20040055925A1 · Franks-Farah et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20040197267A1 · Black et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20050000975A1 · Carco et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20050049504A1 · Lo et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20050075597A1 · Vournakis et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20050165299A1 · Kressy et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20050251030A1 · Azar et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20050267365A1 · Sokulin et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20060004290A1 · Smith et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20060013523A1 · Childlers et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20060015039A1 · Cassidy et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20060020204A1 · Serra et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20060047617A1 · Bacioiu et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20060079781A1 · Germond-Rouet et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20060184029A1 · Haim et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20060210130A1 · Germond-Rouet et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20060241463A1 · Shau · 2006 [cited by examiner]
US 20070043341A1 · Anderson et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070049822A1 · Bunce et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070073155A1 · Park et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070167738A1 · Timinger et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070199848A1 · Ellswood et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070239005A1 · Ogasawara · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070239120A1 · Brock et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070249911A1 · Simon · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070287886A1 · Saadat · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20080021322A1 · Stone et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080033293A1 · Beasley et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080033759A1 · Finlay · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080051657A1 · Rold · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080108930A1 · Weitzel et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080125651A1 · Watanabe et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080146915A1 · McMorrow · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080177186A1 · Slater et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080221425A1 · Olson et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080269605A1 · Nakaya · 2008 [cited by examiner]
US 20080294037A1 · Richter · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080300491A1 · Bonde et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20090012399A1 · Sunagawa et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090012401A1 · Steinbacher · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090074280A1 · Lu et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090105594A1 · Reynolds et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090124903A1 · Osaka · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090137887A1 · Shariati et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090137907A1 · Takimoto et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090143672A1 · Harms et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090143684A1 · Cermak et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090156926A1 · Messerly et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090281413A1 · Boyden et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090306509A1 · Pedersen et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20100010348A1 · Halmann · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100168576A1 · Poland et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100211026A2 · Sheetz et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100249598A1 · Smith et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100286515A1 · Gravenstein et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100312121A1 · Guan · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100324423A1 · El-Aklouk et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20110002518A1 · Ziv-Ari et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110026796A1 · Hyun et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110071404A1 · Schmitt et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110074244A1 · Osawa · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110087107A1 · Lindekugel et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110166451A1 · Blaivas et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110282188A1 · Burnside et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110295108A1 · Cox et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110313293A1 · Lindekugel et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20120136242A1 · Qi et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120136256A1 · Nozaki et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120165679A1 · Orome et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120179038A1 · Meurer et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120179042A1 · Fukumoto et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120179044A1 · Chiang et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120197132A1 · O'Connor · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120220865A1 · Brown et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120277576A1 · Lui · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20130041250A1 · Pelissier · 2013 [cited by examiner]
US 20130102889A1 · Southard et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130131499A1 · Chan et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130131502A1 · Blaivas et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130144166A1 · Specht et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130150724A1 · Blaivas et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130188832A1 · Ma et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130197367A1 · Smok et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130218024A1 · Boctor et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130323700A1 · Samosky et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130338503A1 · Cohen et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130338508A1 · Nakamura et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130345566A1 · Weitzel · 2013 [cited by examiner]
US 20140005530A1 · Liu et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140031694A1 · Solek · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140066779A1 · Nakanishi · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140073976A1 · Fonte et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140100440A1 · Cheline et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140114194A1 · Kanayama et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140170620A1 · Savitsky et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140180098A1 · Flaherty et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140180116A1 · Lindekugel et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140188133A1 · Misener · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140188440A1 · Donhowe et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140276059A1 · Sheehan · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140276069A1 · Amble et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140276081A1 · Tegels · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140276085A1 · Miller · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140276690A1 · Grace · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140296694A1 · Jaworski · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140343431A1 · Vajinepalli et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140357994A1 · Jin et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20150005738A1 · Blacker · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150011887A1 · Ahn et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150065916A1 · Maguire et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150073279A1 · Cai et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150112200A1 · Oberg et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150141821A1 · Yoshikawa et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150190111A1 · Fry · 2015 [cited by examiner]
US 20150209003A1 · Halmann et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150209113A1 · Burkholz et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150209510A1 · Burkholz et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150209526A1 · Matsubara et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150245820A1 · Tamada · 2015 [cited by examiner]
US 20150257735A1 · Ball et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150272448A1 · Fonte et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150282890A1 · Cohen et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150294497A1 · Ng · 2015 [cited by examiner]
US 20150297097A1 · Matsubara et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150342572A1 · Tahmasebi Maraghoosh et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150359520A1 · Shan et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150359991A1 · Dunbar et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20160000367A1 · Lyon · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160000399A1 · Halmann et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160026894A1 · Nagase · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160029995A1 · Navratil et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160038119A1 · Desjardins · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160081674A1 · Bagwan et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160113517A1 · Lee et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160113699A1 · Sverdlik et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160120607A1 · Sorotzkin et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160125639A1 · Park et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160157831A1 · Kang et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160166232A1 · Merritt · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160202053A1 · Walker et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160211045A1 · Jeon et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160213398A1 · Liu · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160220124A1 · Grady et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160259992A1 · Knodt et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160278869A1 · Grunwald · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160287214A1 · Ralovich et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160296208A1 · Sethuraman et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160374644A1 · Mauldin, Jr. et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20170014105A1 · Chono · 2017 [cited by examiner]
US 20170020561A1 · Cox et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170079548A1 · Silverstein et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170086785A1 · Bjaerum · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170090571A1 · Bjaerum et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170103534A1 · Park et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170143312A1 · Hedlund et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170164923A1 · Matsumoto · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170172666A1 · Govari et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170215842A1 · Ryu et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170252004A1 · Broad et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170258522A1 · Goshgarian et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170328751A1 · Lemke · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170367678A1 · Sirtori et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20180015256A1 · Southard et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180116723A1 · Hettrick et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180125450A1 · Blackbourne et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180161502A1 · Nanan et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180199914A1 · Ramachandran et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180214119A1 · Mehrmohammadi et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180228465A1 · Southard et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180235649A1 · Elkadi · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180235709A1 · Donhowe et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180289927A1 · Messerly · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180296185A1 · Cox et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180310955A1 · Lindekugel et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180333135A1 · Kim et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180344293A1 · Raju et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20190029636A1 · Lee et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20190060001A1 · Kohli et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20190060014A1 · Hazelton et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20190090855A1 · Kobayashi et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20190125210A1 · Govari et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20190200951A1 · Meier · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20190239848A1 · Bedi et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20190239850A1 · Dalvin et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20190307419A1 · Durfee · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20190307515A1 · Naito et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20190307516A1 · Schotzko et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20190365347A1 · Abe · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20190365348A1 · Toume et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20190365354A1 · Du · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20200069929A1 · Mason et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 20200107596A1 · Caruso et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 20200113540A1 · Gijsbers et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 20200163654A1 · Satir et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 20200200900A1 · Asami et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 20200229795A1 · Tadross · 2020 [cited by examiner]
US 20200230391A1 · Burkholz et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 20200237403A1 · Southard et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 20200281563A1 · Muller et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 20200359990A1 · Poland et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 20200390416A1 · Swan et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 20210045716A1 · Shiran et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 20210059639A1 · Howell · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 20210077058A1 · Mashood · 2021 [cited by examiner]
US 20210137492A1 · Imai · 2021 [cited by examiner]
US 20210146167A1 · Barthe et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 20210161510A1 · Sasaki et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 20210186467A1 · Urabe et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 20210212658A1 · McGrath et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 20210212668A1 · Li et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 20210267569A1 · Yamamoto · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 20210267570A1 · Ulman et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 20210295048A1 · Buras · 2021 [cited by examiner]
US 20210315538A1 · Brandl et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 20210373602A1 · Min · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 20210378627A1 · Yarmush · 2021 [cited by examiner]
US 20220019313A1 · He · 2022 [cited by examiner]
US 20220022969A1 · Misener · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 20220039777A1 · Durfee · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 20220039829A1 · Zijlstra et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 20220071593A1 · Tran · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 20220096053A1 · Sethuraman · 2022 [cited by examiner]
US 20220096797A1 · Prince · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 20220104791A1 · Matsumoto · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 20220104886A1 · Blanchard et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 20220117582A1 · McLaughlin et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 20220160434A1 · Messerly et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 20220168050A1 · Sowards et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 20220172354A1 · Misener et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 20220225963A1 · Sutton et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 20220233346A1 · McElya · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 20220296303A1 · McLeod · 2022 [cited by examiner]
US 20220304652A1 · Peterson et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 20220330922A1 · Sowards et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 20220334251A1 · Sowards et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 20220361840A1 · Matsumoto · 2022 [cited by examiner]
US 20230048327A1 · Lampe et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 20230107629A1 · Sowards et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 20230113291A1 · de Wild et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 20230132148A1 · Sowards et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 20230135562A1 · Misener et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 20230135757A1 · Bauer et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 20230148872A1 · Sowards et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 20230201539A1 · Howell · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 20230277153A1 · Sowards et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 20230277154A1 · Sowards et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 20230293143A1 · Sowards et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 20230338010A1 · Sturm · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 20230371928A1 · Rajguru et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 20230397900A1 · Prince · 2023 [cited by applicant]