High contrast laser markable cables and marking methods
Cable sheathing compositions are provided for use in laser marking methods. Cable sheathing compositions include amounts of laser marking additives and color concentrates to enhance the absorption of laser energy and create an indelible mark. Laser marking methods employ cables formed with sheathing compositions and provide advantages to both the speed and power efficiency required by the laser source, as well as the quality and contrast ratio of the resulting laser mark. Cable manufacturing methods and apparatus employing the laser marking methods are also contemplated.
1. A laser marking method comprising:
focusing a laser source onto a markable portion of a cable sheathing, the cable sheathing comprising a lubricating additive;
emitting an electromagnetic radiation from the laser source and onto the markable portion; and
forming an indelible mark on the markable portion of the cable sheathing;
wherein:
an amount of the electromagnetic radiation emitted onto the markable portion is less than about from about 0.01 kJ/m 2 to about 2 kJ/m 2 ; and
the cable sheathing contains less than 0.5 wt. % of a laser marking additive; and
a contrast ratio between a color of the indelible mark and a background color of the cable sheathing is at least about 2.
2. The laser marking method of claim 1 , wherein:
the laser source is a Yb:fiber laser; and
the electromagnetic radiation has:
a wavelength of about 1064 nm;
a pulse frequency in a range from about 15 kHz to 200 kHz;
an average power in a range from about 1 W to about 50 W; and
a pulse duration of about 10 ns to about 1 ms; and
a width of the indelible mark corresponds to a line width in a range from about 50 nm to about 1 mm.
3. The laser marking method of claim 1 , wherein focusing the laser source onto a markable portion of the cable comprises:
scanning the laser at a scan speed of at least about 500 mm/sec; and
moving the cable sheathing along a longitudinal axis of a cable comprising the cable sheathing, and relative to a stationary laser marking field, at a line speed in a range from about 50 to 1000 feet per minute.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the lubricating additive comprises a fatty acid, a fatty amide, a hydrocarbon oil, a fluorinated organic resin, a plasticizer, or a combination thereof.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the lubricating additive is selected from the group consisting of erucamide, oleamide, oleyl palmitamide, stearyl stearamide, stearamide, behenamide, ethylene bisstearamide, ethylene bisoleamide, stearyl erucamide, and erucyl stearamide, or any combination thereof.
6. The method of claim 4 , wherein the lubricating additive comprises mineral oil, silicone oil, or both.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cable sheathing comprises an organic polymer, the organic polymer comprises a polyolefin, a polyester, a polycarbonate, a polyamide, a polyether ketone, a polyetherimide, a polyarylene ketone, a liquid crystal polymer, a polyarylene sulfide, a polyacetal, a polyurethane, a polycarbonate, a styrenic polymer, or combinations thereof.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the organic polymer is a polyamide.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cable sheathing further comprises a laser marking additive.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein an amount of the laser marking additive in the cable sheathing is in a range from about 0.05 wt. % to about 1 wt. %.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the amount of the laser marking additive is in a range from about 0.15 wt. % to about 0.75 wt. %.
12. The method of claim 9 , wherein the laser marking additive is a charring additive comprising Iriotec® 8208, Iriotec® 8850, or a combination thereof.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein:
the background color is white and/or has an RGB value of RGB(177,166, 139) or any RGB value having an RGB differentiation therefrom of less than 30;
the background color is orange and/or has an RGB value of RGB(156,81,25) or any RGB value having an RGB differentiation therefrom of less than 30;
the background color is yellow and/or has an RGB value of RGB(158,148,58) or any RGB value having an RGB differentiation therefrom of less than 30;
the background color is green and/or has an RGB value of RGB(19,112,42) or any RGB value having an RGB differentiation therefrom of less than 30;
the background color is pink and/or has an RGB value of RGB(176,122, 100) or any RGB value having an RGB differentiation therefrom of less than 30; or
the background color is tan and/or has an RGB value of RGB(176,135,93) or any RGB value having an RGB differentiation therefrom of less than 30.
14. The method of claim 9 , wherein the laser marking additive is a foaming additive comprising Iriotec® 8825, Fabulase® 361, LaserSafe 040, or any combination thereof.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein:
the background color is black and/or has an RGB value of RGB(15,13,7) or any RGB value having an RGB differentiation therefrom of less than 30;
the background color is red and/or has an RGB value of RGB(130,26,10) or any RGB value having an RGB differentiation therefrom of less than 30;
the background color is blue and/or has an RGB value of RGB(46,65,96) or any RGB value having an RGB differentiation therefrom of less than 30;
the background color is gray and/or has an RGB value of RGB(89,86,75) or any RGB value having an RGB differentiation therefrom of less than 30;
the background color is purple and/or has an RGB value of RGB(95,59,92) or any RGB value having an RGB differentiation therefrom of less than 30; or
the background color is brown and/or has an RGB value of RGB(145,84,29) or any RGB value having an RGB differentiation therefrom of less than 30.
16. The method of claim 10 , wherein:
the amount of the electromagnetic radiation emitted onto the markable portion is in a range from about 0.01 kJ/cm 2 to about 2 kJ/cm 2 ;
the amount of the laser marking additive is less than 0.5 wt. %; and
the contrast ratio between a color of the indelible mark and the background color is in a range from about 2 to about 4.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein:
the background color is selected from:
yellow and/or has an RGB value of RGB(158,148,58) or any RGB value having an RGB differentiation therefrom of less than 30;
gray and/or has an RGB value of RGB(89,86,75) or any RGB value having an RGB differentiation therefrom of less than 30; or
pink and/or has an RGB value of RGB(176,122,100) or any RGB value having an RGB differentiation therefrom of less than 30;
the amount of the laser marking additive is less than about 0.2 wt. %; and
the contrast ratio between a color of the indelible mark and the background color is in a range from about 2 to about 4.
18. The method of claim 16 , wherein:
the background color is selected from:
orange and/or has an RGB value of RGB(156,81,25) or any RGB value having an RGB differentiation therefrom of less than 30;
green and/or has an RGB value of RGB(19,112,42) or any RGB value having an RGB differentiation therefrom of less than 30;
tan and/or has an RGB value of RGB(176,135,93) or any RGB value having an RGB differentiation therefrom of less than 30;
the amount of the laser marking additive is less than about 0.3 wt. %; and
the contrast ratio between a color of the indelible mark and the background color is in a range from about 2 to about 4.