Laser-markable insulation material for wire or cable assemblies
The present disclosure is directed to laser-markable insulation material and cable or wire assemblies containing such insulation material. In certain embodiments, the laser-markable insulation material can include a fluoropolymer and an inorganic laser-markable pigment. The pigment can have a mean crystal size in a range of about 0.4 microns to about 2 microns and/or a median particle size (d 50 ) in a range of about 0.45 microns to about 2 microns. The insulation material can exhibit improved initial and heat-aged contrast ratios without diminishing the ability of a cable or wire containing the insulation material to meet industry standards for electric-arc tracking and propagation resistance.
1. A cable assembly comprising a transmission member and an insulation material, wherein the insulation material comprises an inorganic laser-markable pigment and a polymer material, wherein the polymer material comprises a non-melt-processable fluorinated copolymer material in an amount of no greater than 80 wt % based on the total weight of the polymer material and wherein the cable assembly meets the requirements for wet electric-arc tracking and propagation resistance in accordance with SAE AS4373E 4.5.9 Method 509.
2. The cable assembly of claim 1 , wherein the cable assembly has an initial contrast ratio of at least about 55%.
3. The cable assembly of claim 1 , wherein the cable assembly has a heat-aged contrast ratio of at least about 42% after aging for 168 hours at a temperature in the range of 290 degrees Celsius to 310 degrees Celsius.
4. The cable assembly of claim 1 , wherein the cable assembly meets the requirements for dry electric-arc tracking and propagation resistance in accordance with SAE AS 4373E 4.5.8 Method 508.
5. The cable assembly of claim 1 , wherein the inorganic laser-markable pigment has a mean crystal size in a range from 0.4 microns to 2 microns.
6. The cable assembly of claim 1 , wherein the inorganic laser-markable pigment has a median particle size (d50) in a range from 0.45 microns to 2 microns.
7. The cable assembly of claim 1 , wherein the inorganic laser-markable pigment has a ratio of median particle size to mean crystal size of no greater than about 2:1.
8. The cable assembly of claim 1 , wherein the polymer material comprises homopolymer PTFE.
9. The cable assembly of claim 1 , wherein the laser-markable pigment is present in the insulation material in an amount of at least 1.0 pph and not greater than 3.0 pph.
10. The cable assembly of claim 1 , wherein the insulation material comprises a first insulation member wrapped around the transmission member, and a second insulation member wrapped around the wrapped first insulation member.
11. The cable assembly of claim 1 , wherein the insulation material has an average (nominal) thickness of no greater than about 0.005 inches.
12. The cable assembly of claim 1 , wherein the insulation material comprises an additional pigment adapted to improve the luminescence of the polymer material, and wherein the additional pigment is present in the laser-markable insulation material in a range of from about 0.01 pph to about 1 pph.
13. The cable assembly of claim 1 , wherein the insulation material comprises an additional conventional white pigment, and wherein the additional pigment is different from the inorganic laser-markable pigment.
14. The cable assembly of claim 1 , wherein the laser-markable pigment comprises a coating comprising silicon oxide.
15. The cable assembly of claim 1 , wherein the laser-markable pigment comprises a coating comprising aluminum oxide.
16. The cable assembly of claim 1 , wherein the laser-markable pigment comprises a metal oxide comprising TiO 2 , Cr 2 O 3 , NiO, V 2 O 5 , Fe 2 O 3 , CuO, CdO, Tl 2 O 3 , CeO 2 , Nb 2 O 5 , MoO 3 , WO 3 , Sb 2 O 3 , SnO 2 , ZrO, or ZnO 2 .
17. The cable assembly of claim 1 , wherein the polymer material consists essentially of one or more of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), non-melt-processable modified PTFE, perfluoroalkoxy copolymer (PFA); ethylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (ETFE); polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE); fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer (FEP); polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF); amorphous fluoropolymer (AF); and ethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene (ECTFE).