Input coupler component, optical display system and electronics apparatus
An input coupler component, optical display system and electronics apparatus are disclosed. The input coupler component comprises: an input polarization volume grating, which is disposed to deflect an input polarized electromagnetic wave into a waveguide in a total internal reflection manner; and an input polarization management layer, which adjusts the polarization of the deflected electromagnetic wave to a polarization state different from that of electromagnetic wave to be deflected by the input polarization volume grating.
1. An input coupler component for coupling an input electromagnetic wave having an initial polarization state into a waveguide, comprising:
an input polarization volume grating, disposed to deflect the input electromagnetic wave into the waveguide as a deflected electromagnetic wave in a total internal reflection (TIR) manner; and
an input polarization management layer coupled to the input polarization grating and adapted to adjust the deflected electromagnetic wave from the initial polarization state to a different polarization state,
wherein the waveguide has an upper side and a lower side such that the input electromagnetic wave is input from the lower side, and the input polarization management layer is disposed between a back of the input polarization volume grating and the upper side of the waveguide,
wherein the waveguide is positioned such that the deflected electromagnetic wave is TIR-reflected at the lower side of the waveguide to pass through the input polarization volume grating and encounter the input polarization management layer; and
further TIR-reflected from the upper side of the waveguide to encounter the input polarization management layer for adjustment to the different polarization state and pass through the input polarization volume grating.
2. The component according to claim 1 , wherein the input polarization management layer is adapted to adjust the deflected electromagnetic wave from the initial polarization state to a polarization state opposite to that of the initial polarization state.
3. The component according to claim 1 , wherein the input polarization volume grating is adapted to deflect one of a left-handedness or right-handedness polarized electromagnetic wave, and the input polarization management layer is adapted to adjust the deflected electromagnetic wave from the left-handedness to a right-handedness polarization state or from the right-handedness to a left-handedness polarization state.
4. An optical display system, comprising:
the input coupler component according to claim 1 ; and
an output coupler component.
5. The optical display system according to claim 4 , wherein the output coupler component comprises:
an output polarization volume grating, disposed to selectively deflect the electromagnetic wave guided by the waveguide out of the waveguide; and
an output polarization management layer coupled to the output polarization grating and adapted to manage an amount of the electromagnetic wave to be deflected by the output polarization volume grating by adjusting polarization of at least a portion of the electromagnetic wave to a polarization state to be deflected.
6. The optical display system according to claim 5 , wherein the waveguide has an upper side and a lower side; the electromagnetic wave is output from the lower side, and
wherein the output polarization management layer is selected from the group consisting of a layer disposed between a backside of the output polarization volume grating and the upper side, and a layer disposed between a front side of the output polarization volume grating and the lower side.
7. The optical display system according to claim 5 , wherein the electromagnetic wave guided in the waveguide is one of a left-handedness or a right-handedness polarized electromagnetic wave, and the output polarization management layer is adapted to adjust the at least portions of the electromagnetic wave from the left-handedness to a right-handedness polarization state or from the right-handedness to a left-handedness polarization state.
8. The optical display system according to claim 4 , further comprising:
an eye-tracking module, which detects a location of a viewer's eye, and
wherein the output polarization management layer is controlled based on the detected location to adjust the polarization of the at least portions at various positions along the output polarization management layer, to track the pupil of the viewer's eye.
9. An electronic device comprising the optical display system according to claim 4 .
10. The optical display system according to claim 4 , wherein the output polarization management layer is configured to be electrically addressed using a designed electrode pattern to manage the polarization state of light such that intensity of the light is maximized near a pupil when the light is out-coupled by the output coupler.