Master-slave hybrid-electric powertrain control architecture with supervisory power management control
A method of operating a hybrid electric powertrain (HEP) may include determining, based on a HEP torque demand and a maximum torque limit for a gas turbine engine having a mechanical output coupled to a power shaft of the HEP, a target torque for the gas turbine engine. The method may also include controlling the gas turbine engine to operate according to a target speed or the target torque. The method may also include, while operating the gas turbine engine according to the target speed or the target torque, determining, based on the HEP torque demand and the target torque, a total torque compensation demand for an electric machine having a mechanical output controllably couplable to the power shaft of the HEP, and operating the electric machine according to the total torque compensation demand.
1. A method of operating a hybrid electric powertrain, the method comprising:
determining, based on a hybrid electric powertrain (HEP) power/torque demand and a maximum torque limit for a gas turbine engine having a mechanical output coupled to a power shaft of the HEP, a target torque for the gas turbine engine;
controlling the gas turbine engine to operate according to a target speed or the target torque; and
while operating the gas turbine engine according to the target speed or the target torque:
determining, based on the HEP torque demand and the target torque, a total torque compensation demand for an electric machine having a mechanical output controllably couplable to the power shaft of the HEP; and
operating the electric machine according to the total torque compensation demand,
wherein the total torque compensation demand is determined as a sum of a steady state torque compensation demand and a dynamic torque compensation demand.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising receiving at least one control input,
wherein the HEP torque demand is determined based on the at least one control input.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the steady state torque compensation demand is determined based on a difference between the HEP torque demand and a steady state torque demand of the gas turbine engine.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the dynamic torque compensation demand is determined based on a closed loop control on a propulsor speed datum via an available HEP speed sensor measurement.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein operating the electrical machine according to the total torque compensation demand includes controlling the mechanical output of the electric machine to couple to the power shaft of the HEP and supply a power boost.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the total torque compensation demand is determined to be a minimum for a speed synchronization; and
operating the electrical machine according to the total torque compensation demand includes, based on the determination that the total torque compensation demand is the minimum, controlling the mechanical output of the electric machine to couple to the power shaft of the HEP but not supply a power boost.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the total torque compensation demand is determined to be none; and
operating the electrical machine according to the total torque compensation demand includes, based on the determination that the total torque compensation demand is none, controlling the mechanical output of the electric machine to decouple from the power shaft of the HEP.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the dynamic torque compensation demand is a closed loop control on a propulsor speed datum via an available HEP speed sensor measurement.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the electric machine comprises a plurality of electric motors; and
operating the electric machine according to the total torque compensation demand includes:
detecting a failure of at least one of the electric motors; and
allocating the total torque compensation demand among the electric motors that have not failed while limiting the total torque compensation demand to a level appropriate for a capability of the electric motors that have not failed.
10. A controller configured to:
determine, based on a hybrid electric powertrain (HEP) torque demand and a maximum torque limit for a gas turbine engine having a mechanical output coupled to a power shaft of the HEP, a target torque for the gas turbine engine;
control the gas turbine engine to operate according to a target speed or the target torque; and
while operating the gas turbine engine according to the target speed or the target torque:
determine, based on the HEP torque demand and the target torque, a total torque compensation demand for an electric machine having a mechanical output controllably couplable to the power shaft of the HEP; and
operate the electric machine according to the total torque compensation demand,
wherein the total torque compensation demand is determined as a sum of a steady state torque compensation demand and a dynamic torque compensation demand.
11. The controller of claim 10 , wherein the controller is further configured to:
receive at least one control input; and
determine the HEP torque demand based on the at least one control input.
12. The controller of claim 10 , wherein the steady state torque compensation demand is determined based on a difference between the HEP torque demand and a steady state torque demand of the gas turbine engine.
13. The controller of claim 10 , wherein operating the electrical machine according to the total torque compensation demand includes controlling the mechanical output of the electric machine to couple to the power shaft of the HEP and supply a power boost.
14. The controller of claim 10 , wherein:
the total torque compensation demand is determined to be a minimum for a speed synchronization; and
operating the electrical machine according to the total torque compensation demand includes, based on the determination that the total torque compensation demand is the minimum, controlling the mechanical output of the electric machine to couple to the power shaft of the HEP but not supply a power boost.
15. The controller of claim 10 , wherein:
the total torque compensation demand is determined to be none; and
operating the electrical machine according to the total torque compensation demand includes, based the determination that the total torque compensation demand is none, controlling the mechanical output of the electric machine to decouple from the power shaft of the HEP.
16. The controller of claim 10 , wherein:
the dynamic torque compensation demand is a closed loop control on a propulsor speed datum via an available HEP speed sensor measurement.
17. The controller of claim 10 , wherein:
the electric machine comprises a plurality of electric motors; and
to operate the electric machine according to the total torque compensation demand, the controller is further configured to:
detect a failure of at least one of the electric motors; and
allocate the total torque compensation demand among the electric motors that have not failed while limiting the total torque compensation demand to a level appropriate for a capability of the electric motors that have not failed.
18. A non-transitory machine readable medium containing instructions that when executed cause at least one processor to:
determine, based on a hybrid electric powertrain (HEP) torque demand and a maximum torque limit for a gas turbine engine having a mechanical output coupled to a power shaft of the HEP, a target torque for the gas turbine engine;
control the gas turbine engine to operate according to a target speed or the target torque; and
while operating the gas turbine engine according to the target speed or the target torque:
determine, based on the HEP torque demand and the target torque, a total torque compensation demand for an electric machine having a mechanical output controllably couplable to the power shaft of the HEP; and
operate the electric machine according to the total torque compensation demand,
wherein the total torque compensation demand is determined as a sum of a steady state torque compensation demand and a dynamic torque compensation demand.
19. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 18 , wherein operating the electrical machine according to the total torque compensation demand includes controlling the mechanical output of the electric machine to couple to the power shaft of the HEP and supply a power boost.
20. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 18 , wherein:
the electric machine comprises a plurality of electric motors; and
operating the electric machine according to the total torque compensation demand includes:
detecting a failure of at least one of the electric motors; and
allocating the total torque compensation demand among the electric motors that have not failed while limiting the total torque compensation demand to a level appropriate for a capability of the electric motors that have not failed.