Chromogenic peroxidase substrates
Chromogenic conjugates for color-based detection of targets are described. The conjugates comprise a chromogenic moiety such as a rhodamine, rhodol or fluorescein. The chromogenic moiety is linked to a peroxidase substrate. The chromogenic conjugates can be used in immunohistochemical analysis and in situ hybridization. The conjugates can be used to detect 1, 2, 3 or more targets in a sample by color.
1. A composition comprising:
(a) a mixture of at least a first chromogen and at least a second chromogen, wherein said chromogens are mixed in a ratio which produces a desired color and wherein said first chromogen comprises
(a) a chromogenic moiety, and
(b) a peroxidase substrate moiety,
wherein the chromogenic moiety and the peroxidase substrate moiety are linked together via a linker to form a conjugate,
wherein the conjugate is a compound of Formula I:
where X is —OH, —OR X or —NR X R XX ,
where Y is ═O, ═NR Y , or ═N + R Y R YY ,
wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , R 10 , R X , R XX , R Y , and R YY are independently selected from hydrogen and a substituent having less than 40 atoms;
L is a linker comprising a linear chain of 5 to 29 consecutively connected atoms; and
PS is a peroxidase substrate moiety.
2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein
R 1 is selected from hydrogen, R 11 , (C1-C20) alkyl or heteroalkyl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R 14 groups, (C5-C20) aryl or heteroaryl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R 13 or suitable R 14 groups and (C6-C40) arylalkyl or heteroaryl alkyl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R 13 or R 14 groups, or alternatively, R 1 may be taken together with R 2 to form part of a benzo, naptho or polycyclic aryleno group which is optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R 13 or R 14 groups;
R 2 is selected from hydrogen, R 11 , (C1-C20) alkyl or heteroalkyl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R 14 groups, (C5-C20) aryl or heteroaryl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R 13 or R 14 groups and (C6-C40) arylalkyl or heteroaryl alkyl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R 13 or R 14 groups, or alternatively, R 2 may be taken together with R 1 , to form part of a benzo, naptho or polycyclic aryleno group which is optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R 13 or R 14 groups, or alternatively, when X is —NR X R XX , R 2 may be taken together with R X to form a 5- or 6-membered ring which is optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R 13 or R 14 groups;
R X , when present, is selected from hydrogen, (C1-C20) alkyl or heteroalkyl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R 14 groups, (C5-C20) aryl or heteroaryl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R 13 or R 14 groups and (C6-C40) arylalkyl or heteroaryl alkyl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R 13 or R 14 groups, or, alternatively, R X may be taken together with R 2 to form a 5- or 6-membered ring which is optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R 13 or R 14 groups;
R XX , when present, is selected from (C1-C20) alkyl or heteroalkyl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R 14 groups, (C5-C20) aryl or heteroaryl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R 13 or R 14 groups and (C6-C40) arylalkyl or heteroaryl alkyl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R 13 or R 14 groups, or, alternatively, R X may be taken together with R 3 to form a 5- or 6-membered ring which is optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R 13 or R 14 groups;
R 3 is selected from hydrogen, R 11 , (C1-C20) alkyl or heteroalkyl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R 14 groups, (C5-C20) aryl or heteroaryl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R 13 or R 14 groups and (C6-C40) arylalkyl or heteroaryl alkyl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R 13 or R 14 groups, or, alternatively, when X is —NR X R XX , R 3 may be taken together with R XX to form a 5- or 6-membered ring which is optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R 13 or R 14 groups;
R 4 is selected from hydrogen, R 11 , (C1-C20) alkyl or heteroalkyl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R 14 groups, (C5-C20) aryl or heteroaryl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R 13 or R 14 groups and (C6-C40) arylalkyl or heteroaryl alkyl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R 13 or R 14 groups, or, alternatively, when Y is —N+R Y R YY , R 4 may be taken together with R YY to form a 5- or 6-membered ring which is optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R 13 or R 14 groups; R YY , when present, is selected from (C1-C20) alkyl or heteroalkyl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R 14 groups, (C5-C20) aryl or heteroaryl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R 13 or R 14 groups and (C6-C40) arylalkyl or heteroaryl alkyl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R 13 or R 14 groups, or, alternatively R YY may be taken together with R 4 to form a 5- or 6-membered ring which is optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R 13 or R 14 groups;
R Y , when present, is selected from hydrogen, (C1-C20) alkyl or heteroalkyl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R 14 groups, (C5-C20) aryl or heteroaryl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R 13 or R 14 groups and (C6-C40) arylalkyl or heteroaryl alkyl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R 13 or R 14 groups, or, alternatively, R Y may be taken together with R 5 to form a 5- or 6-membered ring optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R 13 or R 14 groups;
R 5 is selected from hydrogen, R 11 , (C1-C20) alkyl or heteroalkyl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R 14 groups, (C5-C20) aryl or heteroaryl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R 13 or R 14 groups and (C6-C40) arylalkyl or heteroaryl alkyl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R 13 or R 14 groups, or, alternatively, R 5 may be taken together with R 6 to form part of a benzo, naptho or polycyclic aryleno group which is optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R 13 or R 14 groups, or alternatively, when Y is —N+R Y R YY , R 5 may be taken together with R Y to form a 5- or 6-membered ring optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R 13 or R 14 groups;
R 6 is selected from hydrogen, R 11 , (C1-C20) alkyl or heteroalkyl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R 14 groups, (C5-C20) aryl or heteroaryl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R 13 or R 14 groups and (C6-C40) arylalkyl or heteroaryl alkyl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R 13 or R 14 groups, or, alternatively, R 6 together with R 5 may form part of a benzo, naptho or polycyclic aryleno group which is optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R 13 or R 14 groups;
R 7 , R 8 and R 9 are each, independently of one another, selected from hydrogen, R 11 , (C1-C20) alkyl or heteroalkyl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R 14 groups, (C5-C20) aryl or heteroaryl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R 13 or R 14 groups and (C6-C40) arylalkyl or heteroaryl alkyl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R 13 or R 14 groups;
R 10 is selected from selected from hydrogen, R 11 , (C1-C20) alkyl or heteroalkyl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R 14 groups, (C5-C20) aryl or heteroaryl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R 13 or R 14 groups and (C6-C40) arylalkyl or heteroaryl alkyl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R 13 or R 14 groups, halo, haloalkyl, —OR 12 , —SR 12 , —SOR 12 , —SO 2 R 12 , and nitrile;
R 11 is selected from —NR 15 R 15 , —OR 16 , —SR 16 , halo, haloalkyl, CN, —NC, —OCN, —SCN, —NO, —NO 2 , —N 3 , —S(O) R 16 , —S(O) 2 R 16 , —S(O) 2 OR 16 , —S(O) NR 15 R 15 , —S(O) 2 NR 15 R 15 , —OS(O) R 16 , —OS(O) 2 R 16 , —OS(O) 2 NR 15 R 15 , —OP(O) 2 R 16 , —OP(O) 3 R16R 16 , —P(O) 3 R16R 16 , —C(O) R 16 , —C(O) OR 16 , —C(O) NR 15 R 15 , —C(NH) NR 15 R 15 , —OC(O) R 16 , —OC(O) OR 16 , —OC(O) NR 15 R 15 and —OC(NH) NR 15 R 15 ;
R 12 is selected from (C1-C20) alkyls or heteroalkyls optionally substituted with lipophilic substituents, (C5-C20) aryls or heteroaryls optionally substituted with lipophilic substituents and (C2-C26) arylalkyl or heteroarylalkyls optionally substituted with lipophilic substituents;
R 13 is selected from hydrogen, (C1-C8) alkyl or heteroalkyl, (C5-C20) aryl or heteroaryl and (C6-C28) arylalkyl or heteroarylalkyl;
R 14 is selected from —NR 15 R 15 , ═O, —OR 16 , ═S, —SR 16 , ═NR 16 , ═NOR 16 , halo, haloalkyl, —CN, —NC, —OCN, —SCN, —NO, —NO 2 , ═N 2 , —N 3 , —S(O) R 16 , —S(O) 2 R 16 , —S(O) 2 OR 16 , —S(O) NR 15 R 15 , —S(O) 2 NR 15 R 15 , —OS(O) R 16 , —OS(O) 2 R 16 , —OS(O) 2 NR 15 R 15 , —OS(O) 2 OR 16 , —OS(O) 2 NR 15 R 15 , —C(O) R 16 , —C(O) OR 16 , —C(O) NR 15 R 15 , —C(NH) NR 15 R 15 , —OC(O) R 16 , —OC(O) OR 16 , —OC(O) NR 15 R 15 and —OC(NH) NR 15 R 15 ,
each R 15 is independently hydrogen or R 16 , or alternatively, each R 15 is taken together with the nitrogen atom to which it is bonded to form a 5- to 8-membered saturated or unsaturated ring which may optionally include one or more of the same or different additional heteroatoms and which may optionally be substituted with one or more of the same or different R 13 or R 16 groups;
each R 16 is independently R 13 or R 13 substituted with one or more of the same or different R 13 or R 17 groups; and
each R 17 is selected from —NR 13 R 13 , —OR 13 , ═S, —SR 13 , =NR 13 , ═NOR 13 , halo, haloalkyl, —CN, —NC, —OCN, —SCN, —NO, —NO 2 , =N 2 , —N 3 , —S(O) R 13 , —S(O) 2 R 13 , —S(O) 2 OR 13 , —S(O) NR 13 R 13 , —S(O) 2 NR 13 R 13 , —OS(O) R 13 , —OS(O) 2 R 13 , —OS(O) 2 NR 13 R 13 , —OS(O) 2 OR 16 , —OS(O) 2 NR 13 R 13 , —C(O) R 13 , —C(O) OR 13 , —C(O) NR 13 R 13 , —C(NH) NR 15 R 13 , —OC(O) R 13 , —OC(O) OR 13 , —OC(O) NR 13 R 13 and —OC(NH) NR 13 R 13 .
3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the chromogenic moiety is selected from the group consisting of rhodamines and fluoresceins, and salts thereof.
4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the chromogenic moiety is selected from the group consisting of rhodamine, rhodamine 6G, tetramethylrhodamine, rhodamine B, rhodamine 101, rhodamine 110, fluorescein, and O-carboxymethyl fluorescein.
5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the chromogenic moiety is rhodamine or a rhodamine derivative.
6. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the chromogenic moiety is rhodamine 6G.
7. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the chromogenic conjugate is selected from the molecules shown in Table 1 and salts of the ═N moieties.
8. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the linker has 1-2 repeats of the following structure:
wherein
R 31 is selected from OCH 2 , CH 2 OCH 2 , alkyl-heterocyclyl, and alkyl-heterocyclyl-alkyl;
R 32 is NH;
R 33 is CH 2 NH.
9. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the peroxidase substrate moiety has the following formula:
wherein
R 21 is —H,
R 22 is —H, —O—X, or —N(X) 2 ;
R 23 is —OH;
R 24 is —H, —O—X, or —N(X) 2 ;
R 25 is —H, —O—X, or —N(X) 2 ;
R 26 is C═O;
X is H, alkyl or aryl;
wherein the peroxidase substrate moiety is linked to the linker through R 26 .
10. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the peroxidase substrate is ferulic acid, cinnamic acid, caffeic acid, sinapinic acid, 2,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid or 4-hydroxycinnamic acid.
11. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the peroxidase substrate is 4-hydroxycinnamic acid.
12. The composition of claim 8 , wherein the linker is a compound that comprises 1 or 2 repeats of Formula IIIa, IIIb or IIIc:
wherein the chromogenic moiety is attached to the linker at —C(O) in in Formula IIIa, IIIb or IIIc, and
the peroxidase substrate moiety is attached to the linker at NH in Formula IIIa, IIIb or IIIc.
13. The composition of claim 9 , wherein the linker is a compound that comprises Formula IIIa:
wherein the chromogenic moiety is attached to the linker at the —C(O) at the left end of Formula IIIa, and
the peroxidase substrate moiety is attached to the linker at the NH at the right end in Formula IIIa.
14. The composition of claim 13 , wherein the chromogenic conjugate is selected from the group consisting of:
and salts thereof.
15. The composition of claim 13 , wherein the chromogenic conjugate is
16. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising a solvent, and optionally one or more of (i) an organic modifier; (ii) an enzyme enhancer; (iii) an iron chelator; (iv) a detergent; (v) an anti-microbial agent; (vi) organic or inorganic salt; or (vii) an enzyme substrate.
17. A kit for detection of a target having peroxidase activity or linked to a peroxidase enzyme, in a sample, the kit comprising a composition according to claim 1 .
18. A method for detection of a target in a sample by chromogenic detection, comprising:
incubating a sample supposedly comprising a target in an aqueous solution, wherein the target comprises peroxidase activity or the target is directly or indirectly linked to a peroxidase enzyme, wherein the aqueous solution comprises:
a) a composition according to claim 1 ; and
b) a peroxide compound, at a time and temperature sufficient to form a colored precipitate of the chromogenic conjugate;
detecting the colored precipitate of the chromogenic conjugate in the sample, thereby detecting the target in the sample.
19. A method of detecting two or more targets, comprising:
providing peroxidase activity at a first target in a sample;
contacting the sample with a composition according to claim 1 to form a first
colored precipitate at the first target;
removing the peroxidase activity from the first target;
removing non-precipitated chromogens from the sample;
providing peroxidase activity at a second target in the sample;
contacting the sample with a second chromogenic conjugate;
forming a second colored precipitate at the second target; and
detecting the first colored precipitate and the second colored precipitate, thereby detecting the first and second targets in the sample,
wherein at least one of the first and second chromogenic conjugates is a conjugate according to claim 1 , and wherein the first chromogenic conjugate molecule and the second chromogenic conjugate have one or more spectral characteristics that are different from each other.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the method further comprises: removing the peroxidase activity from the second target; removing non-precipitated second chromogenic conjugate from the sample; providing peroxidase activity at a third target in the sample; contacting the sample with a third chromogenic conjugate having one or more spectral characteristics that are different from those of the first and second chromogenic conjugates.
21. The composition of claim 16 , wherein the enzyme substrate comprises 3,3′-diaminobenzidine (DAB).