IP Library › Granted Patent US 12,401,997
Granted Patent B1
US 12,401,997 · App. 19/072,598 · Granted Aug 26, 2025

Physical layer security

Inventors: Paulo Carvalho (Lisbon, PT); Rui Dinis (Costa da Caparica, PT)
Assignee: QDAComm LLC
H04W12/037H04L69/323
View Patent ↗
Loading inventors, assignments & file history…
Monitor This Case
Get email alerts when status or documents change.
Order Certified Copies
Most orders are placed with the USPTO same day — all within 24 business hours.
Order via The Patent Place →
Pre-filled with this patent's details
Quick Facts
Patent No.
US 12,401,997
App. No.
19/072,598
Granted
Aug 26, 2025
Kind
B1
Abstract

Systems and methods of performing physical layer security are presented. In one exemplary embodiment, an electronic device includes a set of amplifier circuitry operable to output a set of output signals that collectively represents an amplified sample of an input signal having information. Further, the set of output signals corresponds to a set of bandpass components that is secured by a certain physical layer security scheme and is associated with a quantized polar representation of the input signal sample.

Claims (45)

1. A method, comprising:

by an electronic device having a circuitry electrically coupled to a set of amplifier circuitry operable to collectively amplify an input signal having information,

outputting, by the circuitry, a set of bandpass components that is secured by a physical layer security scheme to obtain a secured set of bandpass components, with the secured set of bandpass components collectively representing a sample of the input signal and corresponding to both the set of amplifier circuitry and a quantized polar representation of the input signal sample.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein each bandpass component is associated with one of a set of quantization bits that represents a quantized amplitude of the polar representation of the input signal sample.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least one amplifier circuitry is configured to output power that is linearly proportional to another of the set of amplifier circuitry or at least one amplifier circuitry is configured to output power that is non-linearly proportional to another of the set of amplifier circuitry.

4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:

applying the physical layer security scheme to a set of mapping codes based on the quantized polar representation of the input signal sample to obtain a secured set of mapping codes; and

obtaining the secured set of bandpass components based on the secured set of mapping codes.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the physical layer security scheme is associated with a permutation of at least one of a set of mapping codes that corresponds to the secured set of bandpass components.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the physical layer security scheme is associated with a puncture of at least one of a set of mapping codes that corresponds to the secured set of bandpass components.

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the physical layer security scheme is associated with a scale factor or a phase rotation applied to at least one of a set of mapping codes that corresponds to the secured set of bandpass components.

8. The method of claim 1 , wherein each bandpass component corresponds to one of the set of amplifier circuitry, one of a set of quantization bits that represents a quantized amplitude of the polar representation of the input signal sample, and a phase of the polar representation of the input signal sample.

9. An electronic device, comprising:

a set of amplifier circuitry operable to collectively amplify an input signal having information; and

a circuitry electrically coupled to the set of amplifier circuitry and operable to output a set of bandpass components that is secured by a physical layer security scheme to obtain a secured set of bandpass components, with the secured set of bandpass components collectively representing a sample of the input signal and corresponding to both the set of amplifier circuitry and a quantized polar representation of the input signal sample.

10. The device of claim 9 , wherein each bandpass component is associated with one of a set of quantization bits that represents a quantized amplitude of the polar representation of the sample.

11. The device of claim 9 , wherein at least one amplifier circuitry is configured to output power that is linearly proportional to another of the set of amplifier circuitry or at least one amplifier circuitry is configured to output power that is non-linearly proportional to another of the set of amplifier circuitry.

12. The device of claim 9 , wherein the first circuitry is further operable to:

apply the physical layer security scheme to a set of mapping codes based on the quantized polar representation of the input signal sample to obtain a secured set of mapping codes; and

obtain the secured set of bandpass components based on the secured set of mapping codes.

13. The device of claim 9 , wherein the physical layer security scheme is associated with a permutation of at least one of a set of mapping codes that corresponds to the secured set of bandpass components.

14. The device of claim 9 , wherein the physical layer security scheme is associated with a puncture of at least one of a set of mapping codes that corresponds to the secured set of bandpass components.

15. The device of claim 9 , wherein the physical layer security scheme is associated with a scale factor or a phase rotation applied to at least one of a set of mapping codes that corresponds to the secured set of bandpass components.

16. The device of claim 9 , wherein each bandpass component corresponds to one of the set of amplifier circuitry, one of a set of quantization bits that represents a quantized amplitude of the polar representation of the input signal sample, and a phase of the polar representation of the input signal sample.

17. A method, comprising:

by an electronic device having a set of amplifier circuitry,

amplifying, by the set of amplifier circuitry, a set of output signals that collectively represents an amplified sample of an input signal having information, with the set of output signals corresponding to a set of bandpass components that is secured by a physical layer security scheme and associated with a quantized polar representation of the input signal sample.

18. The method of claim 17 , wherein each output signal is associated with one of a set of quantization bits that represents a quantized amplitude of the polar representation of the sample.

19. The method of claim 17 , further comprising:

applying the physical layer security scheme to a set of mapping codes based on the quantized polar representation of the input signal sample to obtain a secured set of mapping codes; and

obtaining the secured set of bandpass components based on the secured set of mapping codes.

20. The method of claim 17 , wherein the physical layer security scheme is associated with a permutation of at least one of a set of mapping codes that corresponds to the secured set of bandpass components.

21. The method of claim 17 , wherein the physical layer security scheme is associated with a puncture of at least one of a set of mapping codes that corresponds to the secured set of bandpass components.

22. The method of claim 17 , wherein the physical layer security scheme is associated with a scale factor or a phase rotation applied to at least one of a set of mapping codes that corresponds to the secured set of bandpass components.

23. The method of claim 17 , wherein each output signal corresponds to one of the set of amplifier circuitry, one of a set of quantization bits that represents a quantized amplitude of the polar representation of the input signal sample, and a phase of the polar representation of the input signal sample.

24. An electronic device, comprising:

a set of amplifier circuitry operable to output a set of output signals that collectively represents an amplified sample of an input signal having information, with the set of output signals corresponding to a set of bandpass components that is secured by a physical layer security scheme and associated with a quantized polar representation of the input signal sample.

25. The device of claim 24 , wherein each output signal is associated with one of a set of quantization bits that represents a quantized amplitude of the polar representation of the sample.

26. The device of claim 24 , wherein the device further includes a first circuitry electrically coupled to the set of amplifier circuitry and operable to:

apply the physical layer security scheme to a set of mapping codes based on the quantized polar representation of the input signal sample to obtain a secured set of mapping codes; and

obtain the secured set of bandpass components based on the secured set of mapping codes.

27. The device of claim 24 , wherein the physical layer security scheme is associated with a permutation of at least one of a set of mapping codes that corresponds to the secured set of bandpass components.

28. The device of claim 24 , wherein the physical layer security scheme is associated with a puncture of at least one of a set of mapping codes that corresponds to the secured set of bandpass components.

29. The device of claim 24 , wherein the physical layer security scheme is associated with a scale factor or a phase rotation applied to at least one of a set of mapping codes that corresponds to the secured set of bandpass components.

30. The device of claim 24 , wherein each output signal corresponds to one of the set of amplifier circuitry, one of a set of quantization bits that represents a quantized amplitude of the polar representation of the input signal sample, and a phase of the polar representation of the input signal sample.

Assignments (1)
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST Recorded Mar 27, 2025
From: CARVALHO, PAULO; DINIS, RUI
To: QDACOMM LLC
Reel/Frame 070647/0334 →
References Cited (205)
US 3777275A · Cox · 1973 [cited by applicant]
US 3927379A · Cox et al. · 1975 [cited by applicant]
US 3995227A · Lefevre · 1976 [cited by examiner]
US 5304943A · Koontz · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5850162A · Danielsons · 1998 [cited by examiner]
US 5872481A · Sevic et al. · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 6055418A · Harris · 2000 [cited by examiner]
US 6208247B1 · Agre et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6320914B1 · Dent · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6359504B1 · Cozzarelli · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6470055B1 · Feher · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 7085330B1 · Shirali · 2006 [cited by examiner]
US 7260368B1 · Blumer · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 7272408B2 · Dalal et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 7362821B1 · Shirali · 2008 [cited by examiner]
US 7480395B2 · Parunak et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 7526261B2 · Sorrells et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 7629843B2 · Paul et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 7715811B2 · Kenington · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7729675B2 · Krone · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7737786B2 · Plaze et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7889811B2 · Byun et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 7937049B2 · Phillips et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 7941157B2 · Srinivasan et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 7979574B2 · Gillo et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 8289084B2 · Morimoto et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8299266B2 · Parlanti et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8362832B2 · Kim et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8451053B2 · Perreault et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8706794B1 · Fleizach · 2014 [cited by examiner]
US 9012415B2 · Da Silva Correia et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9020453B2 · Briffa et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9166528B2 · Sorrells et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9413303B2 · Mostov et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9438172B2 · Cohen · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9537456B2 · Briffa et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9712114B2 · Drogi · 2017 [cited by examiner]
US 9749786B1 · Pandey et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 10069467B1 · Carvalho · 2018 [cited by examiner]
US 10338193B2 · Beko et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10511359B2 · Carvalho et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10597316B2 · Gomes De Oliveira et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 11095253B2 · Carvalho et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 11211900B2 · Carvalho et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 11265200B2 · Carvalho et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 12308871B1 · Chavez · 2025 [cited by examiner]
US 20010016013A1 · Feher · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 20020093641A1 · Ortyn · 2002 [cited by examiner]
US 20030174018A1 · Cooper et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 20030215023A1 · Chang et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 20040202255A1 · Dallal · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20050032483A1 · Klomsdorf et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20050069067A1 · Zerbe · 2005 [cited by examiner]
US 20060006945A1 · Burns et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20060158254A1 · Johnson · 2006 [cited by examiner]
US 20070210835A1 · Aghtar · 2007 [cited by examiner]
US 20070223622A1 · Bang et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070293237A1 · Correal et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20090311980A1 · Sjoland · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20100265799A1 · Cevher et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100283652A1 · Nadiguebe · 2010 [cited by examiner]
US 20110038440A1 · Balbach et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110187437A1 · Perrault et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110212696A1 · Hahn · 2011 [cited by examiner]
US 20110234315A1 · Chen · 2011 [cited by examiner]
US 20110294449A1 · Budianu · 2011 [cited by examiner]
US 20110316747A1 · Budianu · 2011 [cited by examiner]
US 20120063544A1 · Dai · 2012 [cited by examiner]
US 20120326927A1 · Nikkels · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20130021104A1 · Schmidt · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130301454A1 · Seol et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20140062793A1 · AlSindi et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140350237A1 · da Silva Correia et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20150065039A1 · Nii · 2015 [cited by examiner]
US 20150221313A1 · Purnhagen et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150288437A1 · Raju et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20160079924A1 · Ogawa · 2016 [cited by examiner]
US 20160164466A1 · Briffa et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20170090025A1 · Wang · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170244582A1 · Gal · 2017 [cited by examiner]
US 20170245908A1 · Lizauckas · 2017 [cited by examiner]
US 20170279501A1 · Kim et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170280281A1 · Pandey et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170346559A1 · Eroglu et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20180138862A1 · Balteanu et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20200403839A1 · Carvalho · 2020 [cited by examiner]
US 20210006207A1 · Carvalho et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 20210359651A1 · Carvalho et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 20240223229A1 · Molina · 2024 [cited by examiner]
CN 110710114 · 2020 [cited by applicant]
CN 114402569 · 2022 [cited by applicant]
CN 114450888 · 2022 [cited by applicant]
EP 1469649 · 2004 [cited by applicant]
EP 1611401 · 2006 [cited by applicant]
EP 2552406 · 2013 [cited by applicant]
EP 3306816 · 2018 [cited by applicant]
JP 6242548 · 2017 [cited by applicant]
TW 201742370 · 2017 [cited by applicant]
WO 9611149 · 1996 [cited by applicant]
WO 02075226 · 2002 [cited by applicant]
WO 2004090437 · 2004 [cited by applicant]
WO 2009101518 · 2009 [cited by applicant]
WO 2011119059A1 · 2011 [cited by applicant]
WO 2011119059A4 · 2011 [cited by applicant]
WO 2015183114 · 2015 [cited by applicant]
WO 2018160083 · 2018 [cited by applicant]
WO 2019074384 · 2019 [cited by applicant]
WO 2020076172A2 · 2020 [cited by applicant]
WO 2020076172A3 · 2020 [cited by applicant]
WO 2020177552 · 2020 [cited by applicant]
WO 2020261176 · 2020 [cited by applicant]
WO 2021069192 · 2021 [cited by applicant]
WO 2021154106 · 2021 [cited by applicant]
WO 2021221522 · 2021 [cited by applicant]
WO 2021221523 · 2021 [cited by applicant]
WO 2022108463 · 2022 [cited by applicant]
A Gusmao and N. Esteves, “ENCAP-4: an OQPSK-type modulation technique for digital radio”, IEEE Proc. I, Commun. Speech Vis., vol. 135, No. 1, pp. 105-110, Feb. 1988. [cited by applicant]
A. Araujo, J. Blesa, E. Romero, and O. Nieto-Taladriz, “Artificial noise scheme to ensure secure communications in CWSN,” in Proc. 8th Int. Wireless Commun. Mobile Comput. Conf., Limassol, Cyprus, Aug. 2012, pp. 1023-10… [cited by applicant]
A. Barenghi, L. Breveglieri, I. Koren, and D. Naccache, “Fault injection attacks on cryptographic devices: Theory, practice, and countermeasures”, Proc. IEEE, vol. 100, No. 11, pp. 3056-3076, Nov. 2012. [cited by applicant]
A. Birafane, M. El-Asmar et al., Analyzing LINC Systems, [in:] Microwave Magazine, IEEE, vol. 11, No. 5, pp. 59-71, Aug. 2010. [cited by applicant]
A. Gusmao, V. Goncalves, N. Esteves, “A novel approach to modeling of OQPSK type digital transmission over nonlinear radio channels”, in IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, Vo. 15, No. 4, pp. 647-655, 1997. [cited by applicant]
Alekajbaf Y, Masoumi N, Mohammad-Taheri M, Safavi-Naeini S. A 200 W broadband high power amplifier using hybrid power combining network and digital level control. Int J Rf Microw Comput Aided Eng. 2020. [cited by applicant]
Aoki, S. D. Kee, D. B. Rutledge, and A. Hajimiri, “Fully Integrated CMOS Power Amplifier Design Using the Distributed Active Transformer Architecture,” IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 37, No. 3, pp. 371-383, Mar. 200… [cited by applicant]
Astucia et al. (Efficient Amplification and Detection of Multilevel SC-FDE Signals Based on BPSK Components, 2013 IEEE Military Communications Conference). [cited by applicant]
B. Schneier, “Cryptographic design vulnerabilities”, IEEE Computer, vol. 31, No. 9, pp. 26-33, Sep. 1998. [cited by applicant]
Barton, Taylor W., et al., Theory and Implementation of RF-Input Outphasing Power Amplification, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 63, No. 12, pp. 4273-4283, Dec. 2015. [cited by applicant]
Benvenuto, Nevio et al., Single Carrier Modulation With Nonlinear Frequency Domain Equalization: An Idea Whose Time Has Come—Again, Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 98, No. 1, Jan. 2010. [cited by applicant]
C.-F. Chou, Y.-H. Hsiao, Y.-C. Wu, Y.-H. Lin, C.-W. Wu, and H. Wang, “Design of a V-band 20-dBm wideband power amplifier using transformer-based radial power combining in 90-nm CMOS,” IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory and Te… [cited by applicant]
Cao, Tao, et al., S-band 34.2dBm Envelope-Tracking Transmitter with 54% Overall Efficiency Utilizing the High Efficiency and Wideband Envelope Amplifier, IEEE 2019. [cited by applicant]
Cao, Wenhui, et al., A Modified Decomposed Vector Rotation-Based Behavioral Model With Efficient Hardware Implementation for Digital Predistortion of RF Power Amplifiers, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techni… [cited by applicant]
Carvalho, Paulo, Marko Beko, Rui Dinis, Joao Guerreiro, and Pedro Viegas. “Apparatus for quantized linear amplification with nonlinear amplifiers.” U.S. Pat. No. 10,069,467, issued Sep. 4, 2018. [cited by applicant]
Chen, Chi-Tsan, Kahn Envelope Elimination and Restoration Technique Using Injection-Locked Oscillators, IEEE 2012. [cited by applicant]
Cox, D.C., Linear Amplification with Nonlinear Components, IEEE Transactions on Communications, Dec. 1974. [cited by applicant]
D. Falconer, S. Ariyavisitakul, A. Benyamin-Seeyar, and B. Eidson, “Frequency domain equalization for single-carrier broadband wireless systems”, Communications Magazine, IEEE, vol. 40, No. 4, pp. 58-66, Apr. 2002. [cited by applicant]
D. Kim, D. Kang, J. Kim, Y. Cho, and B. Kim, “Wideband envelope tracking power amplifier for LTE application”, Proc. IEEE Radio Freq. Integr. Circuits Symp. (RFIC), Jun. 2012, pp. 275-278. [cited by applicant]
Doherty, W.H., ANew High-Efficiency Power Amplifier for Modulated Waves, IEEE. [cited by applicant]
E. Yaacoub and M. Al-Husseini, “Achieving physical layer security with massive MIMO beamforming,” 2017 11th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EUCAP), Paris, France, 2017, pp. 1753-1757. [cited by applicant]
Falconer, David, et al., Frequency Domain Equalization for Single-Carrier Broadband Wireless Systems, IEEE Communications Magazine, Apr. 2002. [cited by applicant]
Giannini, Franco, et al., The Doherty Amplifier: Past, Present & Future, IEEE 2015. [cited by applicant]
Gouba, Abel O., Y. Louet, “Theoretical analysis of the trade-off between efficiency and linearity of the high power amplifier in OFDM context”, Proc. Eur. Wireless Conf., Apr. 2012, pp. 1-7. [cited by applicant]
Gustaffson, David, et al., A GaN MMIC Modified Doherty PA With Large Bandwidth and Reconfigurable Efficiency, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 62, No. 12, Dec. 2014. [cited by applicant]
H. C. Park, K. Lee and K. Feher, “Continuous phase modulation of spectrally efficient FQPSK signals”, IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, 1988, Philadelphia, PA, USA. [cited by applicant]
H. Tsai, W. -H. Liu, P. -C. Shen and W. -L. Huang, “A X-Band Fully-Integrated CMOS Power Amplifier using Current Combining Technique,” 2019 IEEE 8th Global Conference on Consumer Electronics (GCCE), Osaka, Japan, 2019, … [cited by applicant]
H. Wang, C. Sideris and A. Hajimiri, “A CMOS Broadband Power Amplifier With a Transformer-Based High-Order Output Matching Network,” in IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 45, No. 12, pp. 2709-2722, Dec. 2010. [cited by applicant]
Himanshu Sharma, Neeraj Kumar, Rajkumar Tekchandani, “Physical layer security using beamforming techniques for 5G and beyond networks: A systematic review”, Elsevier, Physical Communication, vol. 54, 2022. [cited by applicant]
Hsiao-Hwa Chen, The next generation of CDMA techniques, John Wiley & Sons, 2007. [cited by applicant]
J. C. Pedro, N.B.C. Carvalho, C. Fager and J. A. Garcia, “Linearity versus efficiency in mobile handset power amplifiers: A battle without a loser”, Microwave Engineering Europe, pp. 19-26, Aug. 2004. [cited by applicant]
J. -K. Wang, Y. -H. Lin, Y. -H. Hsiao, K. -S. Yeh and H. Wang, “A V-band power amplifier with transformer combining and neutralization technique in 40-nm COMS,” 2017 IEEE International Symposium on Radio-Frequency Integ… [cited by applicant]
J. L. Massey, “An introduction to contemporary cryptology”, Proc. IEEE, vol. 76, No. 5, pp. 533-549, May 1988. [cited by applicant]
J. S. Walling, S. -M. Yoo and D. J. Allstot, “Digital power amplifier: A new way to exploit the switched-capacitor circuit,” in IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 50, No. 4, pp. 145-151, Apr. 2012. [cited by applicant]
J. Wu and J. Chen, “Multiuser transmit security beamforming in wireless multiple access channels,” in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Commun., Ottawa, Canada, ON, Jun. 2012, pp. 903-906. [cited by applicant]
K. Guo, P. Huang and K. Kang, “A 60-GHz 1.2 V 21 dBm power amplifier with a fully symmetrical 8-way transformer power combiner in 90 nm CMOS”, IEEE MTT-S Int. Microw. Symp. Dig., Jun. 2014. [cited by applicant]
K. Murota and K. Hirade, “GMSK Modulation for Digital Mobile Radio Telephony”, IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 29, Issue 7, pp. 1044-1050, Jul. 1981. [cited by applicant]
Kim, J., et al., Digital predistortion of wideband signals based on power amplifier model with memory, IEEE 2001. [cited by applicant]
Kousai, S. and A. Hajimiri, “An octave-range, watt-level, fully-integrated CMOS switching power mixer array for linearization and back-off-efficiency improvement,” IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 44, No. 12, pp. 3376… [cited by applicant]
L. Zhang, L .-L. Kuang, Z .-Y. Ni, and J .-H. Lu, “Performance evaluation for OFDM and SC-FDE systems with high power amplifier”, Proc. IET Int. Commun. Conf. Wireless Mobile Comput. (CCWMC), Dec. 2009, pp. 348-352. [cited by applicant]
Li, Yan, et al., Design of High Efficiency Monolithic Power Amplifier With Envelope-Tracking and Transistor Resizing for Broadband Wireless Applications, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 47, No. 9, Sep. 2012. [cited by applicant]
M. Bellanger, FBMC physical layer: A primer, [in] ICT-PHYDYAS, Tech. Rep., pp. 1-31, 2010. [cited by applicant]
M. K. Simon and D. Divsalar, “A Reduced Complexity Highly Power Bandwidth Efficient Coded Feher-Patented Quadrature-Phase-Shift-Keying System with Iterative Decoding”, JPL Progress report, vol. 145, No. 42, pp. 1-17, Ma… [cited by applicant]
M. K. Simon, T. Yan, “Performance Evaluation and Interpretation of Unfiltered Feher-Patented Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying (FQPSK)”, California Institute of Technology, JPL-NASA Publication, TMD Progress Report Californ… [cited by applicant]
M. M. Assefzadeh and A. Babakhani, “Multi-order transmission line-radial stub networks for broadband impedance matching and power combining in a watt-level silicon power amplifier,” 2016 Texas Symposium on Wireless and … [cited by applicant]
Morgan, Dennis R., et al., A Generalized Memory Polynomial Model for Digital Predistortion of RF Power Amplifiers, IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol. 54, No. 10, Oct. 2006. [cited by applicant]
N. Anand, S.-J. Lee, and E. W. Knightly, “Strobe: Actively securing wireless communications using zero-forcing beamforming,” in 2012 Proceedings IEEE Infocom, Mar. 2012, pp. 720-728. [cited by applicant]
N. Benvenuto, R. Dinis, D. Falconer, and S. Tomasin, “Single carrier modulation with nonlinear frequency domain equalization: An idea whose time has come again”, Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 98, No. 1, pp. 69-96, Jan. … [cited by applicant]
O. Abel Gouba, Y. Louet, “Theoretical analysis of the trade-off between efficiency and linearity of the high power amplifier in OFDM context”, Proc. Eur. Wireless Conf., Apr. 2012, pp. 1-7. [cited by applicant]
O. Cepheli, T. Maslak, and G. Kurt, “Analysis on the effects of artificial noise on physical layer security,” in Proc. 21st Signal Process. Commun. Appl. Conf., Haspolat, Turkey, Apr. 2013, pp. 1-4. [cited by applicant]
Orthogonal Waveforms and Filter Banks for Future Communication Systems, Edition: 1st, Chapter: 18, pp. 462-485, Elsevier, 2009. [cited by applicant]
P. Laurent, “Exact and approximate construction of digital phase modulation by superposition of amplitude modulation pulses (AMP)”, IEEE Transactions, COM-34, pp. 150-160, Feb. 1986. [cited by applicant]
P. Montezuma et al., “Quantized Digital Amplification with combination over the air—Achieving maximum efficiency on communication links between long range UAVs and satellites,” MILCOM 2021—2021 IEEE Military Communicati… [cited by applicant]
P. Montezuma, A. Gusmao, “A pragmatic coded modulation choice for future broadband wireless communications”, IEEE VTC″01 (Spring), Rhodes, Greece, May 2001. [cited by applicant]
P. Montezuma, A. Gusmao, “Design of TC-OQAM schemes using a generalized nonlinear OQPSK-type format”, Electronic Letters, vol. 35, Issue 11, pp. 860/861, 1999. [cited by applicant]
P. Reynaert and A. M. Niknejad, “Power combining techniques for RF and mm-wave CMOS power amplifiers,” ESSCIRC 2007—33rd European Solid-State Circuits Conference, Munich, Germany, 2007, pp. 272-275. [cited by applicant]
P. Reynaert and M. Steyaert, RF Power Amplifiers for Mobile Communications, Springer, 2006. [cited by applicant]
P. S. K. Leung and K. Feher, “F-QPSK—a superior modulation technique for mobile and personal communications”, IEEE Trans. Broadcast., vol. 39, pp. 288-294, Jun. 1993. [cited by applicant]
Paulo Montezuma et al. (Power Efficient Coded 16-00AM Schemes over Nonlinear Transmitters, 34th IEEE Samoff Symposium, May 3-4. 2011. Princeton, NJ, USA. [cited by applicant]
R. Dinis, A. Gusmao and N. Esteves, “On broadband block transmission over strongly frequency-selective fading channels”, IEEE VVireless″03, Calgary, Canada, Jul. 2003. [cited by applicant]
R. Dinis, A. Gusmao, Nonlinear signal processing schemes for OFDM modulations within conventional or LINO transmitter structures, [in:] European Transactions on Telecommunications, Vo. 19, No., 3, pp. 257-271, Apr. 2008. [cited by applicant]
R. Dinis, P. Montezuma, N. Souto, J. Silva, Iterative Frequency-Domain Equalization for General Constellations, 33rd IEEE Sarnoff Symposium 2010, Princeton, USA,—Apr. 2010. [cited by applicant]
R. V. Nee and R. Prasad, OFDM for Wireless Multimedia Communications, 1st ed. Norwood, MA, USA: Artech House, Inc., 2000. [cited by applicant]
Rangan, S., T.S. Rappaport, and E. Erkip, “Millimeter-wave cellular wireless networks: Potentials and challenges”, Proc. IEEE, vol. 102, No. 3, pp. 366-385, Mar. 2014. [cited by applicant]
Rappaport, T.S., et al., “Millimeter wave mobile communications for 5G cellular: it will work!”, IEEE Access, vol. 1, pp. 335-349, May 2013. [cited by applicant]
S. C. Cripps, RF Power Amplifiers for Wireless Communications. Artech House, 2006. [cited by applicant]
S. Kousai and A. Hajimiri, “An octave-range watt-level fully-integrated cmos switching power mixer array for linearization and back-off-efficiency improvement”, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 44, No. 12, pp.… [cited by applicant]
S. Shambayati, D. K. Lee, “GMSK modulation for deep space applications”, IEEE Aerospace Conference, Montana, USA, Mar. 2012. [cited by applicant]
Said, H.A., et al., Design and Realization of Digital Pulse Compression in Pulsed Radars Based on Linear Frequency Modulation (LFM) Waveforms Using FPGA, International Conference on Advanced Information and Communicatio… [cited by applicant]
Sim, Jaewoo, et al., Analysis and Design ofDohertyPowerAmplifiers for Digital Pre-distortion Linearizer, Proceedings of Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference 2007. [cited by applicant]
Sundeep Rangan et al. (Millimeter-Wave Cellular Wireless Networks: Potentials and Challenges, Proceedings of the IEEE I vol. 102, No. 3, Mar. 2014). [cited by applicant]
T. Aulin, N. Rydbeck and C. Sundberg, “Continuous phase modulation—Part II: Partial response signaling”, IEEE Transactions on Communications, Vo. COM-29, pp. 210-215, Mar. 1981. [cited by applicant]
T. J. Hill, “A non-proprietary, constant envelope, variant of shaped offset QPSK (SOQPSK) for improved spectral containment and detection efficiency”, IEEE Milcom Conference Record, vol. 1, pp. 347-352, California, USA,… [cited by applicant]
T. Lee, S. Wang, C. Liu, “FQPSK-O: An improved performance constant envelope modulation scheme for OQPSK”, IEEE International Telemetering Conference, San Diego, USA, 1998. [cited by applicant]
T.S. Rappaport, et al., Milirneter wave mobile communications for 5g cellular: it will work, [in:i Access, IEEE, vol. 1, pp. 335-249, 2013. [cited by applicant]
W. K. Harrison, J. Almeida, M. R. Bloch, S. W. McLaughlin, and J. Barros, “Coding for secrecy: An overview of error-control coding techniques for physical-layer security”, IEEE Signal Process. Mag., vol. 30, No. 5, pp. … [cited by applicant]
W. Struble, F. McGrath, K. Harrington, P. Nagle and S. Rand, “Understanding linearity in wireless communication amplifiers,” GaAs IC Symposium IEEE Gallium Arsenide Integrated Circuit Symposium. 18th Annual Technical Di… [cited by applicant]
W. Yuan, Jeffrey S. Walling, “A Multiphase Switched Capacitor Power Amplifier” in IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 52, No. 5, May 2017 pp. 1320-1330. [cited by applicant]
W. Yuan, V. Aparin, J. Dunworth, L. Seward and J. S. Walling, “A Quadrature Switched Capacitor Power Amplifier,” in IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 51, No. 5, pp. 1200-1209, May 2016. [cited by applicant]
Wang, Feipeng, et al., A Monolithic High-Efficiency 2.4-GHz 20-dBm SiGe BiCMOS Envelope-Tracking OFDM Power Amplifier, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 42, No. 6, Jun. 2007. [cited by applicant]
Wang, Feipeng, et al., Design of Wide-Bandwidth Envelope-Tracking Power Amplifiers for OFDM Applications, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 53, No. 4, Apr. 2005. [cited by applicant]
Wang, Feipeng, et al., Wideband Envelope Elimination and Restoration Power Amplifier with High Efficiency Wideband Envelope Amplifier for WLAN 802.11g Applications, IEEE 2005. [cited by applicant]
Wang, Zhancang, Demystifying Envelope Tracking, IEEE, Mar. 6, 2015. [cited by applicant]
Wolf, Robert, et al., On the Maximum Efficiency of Power Amplifiers in OFDM Broadcast Systems with Envelope Following, MobiLight 2010, LNICST 45, pp. 160-170, 2010. [cited by applicant]
Y. Li, W. Li, Y. Wang, W. Luo, Y. Lin and H. Xu, “A Compact 144% Fractional Bandwidth CMOS Power Amplifier With an Optimization of Synthesized High-Order Matching Network,” 2023 IEEE 15th International Conference on ASI… [cited by applicant]
Zhu, Anding, Decomposed Vector Rotation-Based Behavioral Modeling for Digital Predistortion of RF Power Amplifiers, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 63, No. 2, Feb. 2015. [cited by applicant]
Zhu, Anding, et al., Open-Loop Digital Predistorter for RF Power Amplifiers Using Dynamic Deviation Reduction-Based Volterra Series, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 56, No. 7, Jul. 2008. [cited by applicant]
Cappello, Tommaso, et al., Lineraziation of a 500-W L-band GaN Doherty Power Amplifier by Dual-Pulse Trap Characterization, 2019 IEEE/MTT-S International Microwave Symposium. [cited by applicant]
Technical White Paper, Unitary Braid Division Multiplexing High-performance, zero-attack-surface wireless, Rampart Communications. [cited by applicant]