Use of anti-CD137 antibody drug conjugate (ADC) in allogeneic cell therapy
The invention provides methods of using allogeneic cells in therapy by combining allogeneic cell therapy with anti-CD137 antibody drug conjugates (ADCs). Disclosed are methods of treating or preventing a host versus graft (HvG) rejection in a human subject receiving allogeneic cell therapy by administering to the human subject an anti-CD137 ADC.
1. A method for treating or reducing rai versus host disease of allogeneic cells transplanted into a human subject, the method comprising
(a) administering to the human subject a first amount of an allogeneic cell, wherein
the first amount is sufficient to elicit a priming response to the allogeneic cell in the human subject;
(b) administering an anti-CD 137 antibody drug conjugate (ADC) to the human subject such that endogenous CD137+ activated T cells are depleted, wherein the anti-CD137 ADC comprises an anti-CD137 antibody, or antigen-binding fragment thereof, conjugated to a cytotoxin via a linker; and
(c) administering a therapeutically effective amount of an allogeneic cell expressing a CAR to the human subject, wherein the allogeneic cell is the same type of allogeneic cell administered in (a), and wherein the CAR comprises an extracellular domain that binds to a tumor antigen, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic signaling domain;
wherein the cytotoxin is an RNA polymerase inhibitor, and
wherein the RNA polymerase inhibitor is an amanitin selected from the group consisting of α-amanitin, β-amanitin, γ-amanitin, ε-amanitin, amanin, amaninamide, amanullin, amanullinic acid, and proamanullin.
2. The method of claim 1 , the method comprising administering the first amount of the allogeneic cell to the human subject between about 48 hours to about 7 days before step (b).
3. The method of claim 1 , the method comprising administering the therapeutically effective amount of the allogeneic cell expressing the CAR to the human subject between about 24 hours to about 14 days after step (b).
4. A method of treating or reducing graft versus host disease of allogeneic cells transplanted into a human subject, the method comprising
(a) administering an anti-CD137 ADC to the human subject, wherein the anti-CD137 ADC comprises an anti-CD137 antibody, or antigen-binding fragment thereof, conjugated to a cytotoxin via a linker, and wherein the human subject is characterized as having activated T cells directed to an allogeneic cell that was previously administered to the human subject; and
(b) administering a therapeutically effective amount of an allogeneic cell expressing a CAR to the human subject, wherein the allogeneic cell is the same type of allogeneic cell described in (a), and wherein the CAR comprises an extracellular domain that binds to a tumor antigen, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic signaling domain,
wherein the cytotoxin is an RNA polymerase inhibitor, and
wherein the RNA polymerase inhibitor is an amanitin selected from the group consisting of α-amanitin, β-amanitin, γ-amanitin, ε-amanitin, amanin, amaninamide, amanullin, amanullinic acid, and proamanullin.
5. The method of claim 4 , the method comprising administering the effective amount of the allogeneic cell expressing the CAR to the human subject between about 24 hours to about 14 days after step (a).
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the allogeneic cell is an allogeneic T cell or an allogeneic NK cell.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the effective amount of the allogeneic cell expressing the CAR is about 2×10 6 to about 3.0×10 8 cells/kg.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the human subject has cancer or an autoimmune disease.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the anti-CD137 antibody, or antigen-binding fragment thereof, comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 having an amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 19, 20, and 21, respectively, and comprises a light chain variable region comprising a CDR1, a CDR2, and a CDR3 having an amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 23, 24, and 25, respectively.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the anti-CD137 antibody, or antigen-binding fragment thereof, is chimeric or humanized.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the anti-CD137 antibody, or antigen-binding fragment thereof, is an IgG1 isotype or an IgG4 isotype.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the linker of the ADC is N-beta-maleimidopropionyl-Val-Ala-para-aminobenzyl (BMP-Val-Ala-PAB).
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ADC is represented by the following structures:
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ADC is represented by:
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ADC has a serum half-life of 3 days or less.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the extracellular domain comprises an scFv antibody or a single chain T cell receptor (scTCR).
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the extracellular domain comprises a non-immunoglobulin scaffold protein.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the extracellular domain of the CAR binds to a tumor antigen selected from the group consisting of CD19, CD22, CD3, CD7, BCMA, CD137, CD20, AFP, GPC3, MUC1, mesothelin, CD38, PD1, EGFR, MG7, TACI, CEA, PSCA, CEA, HER2, CD33, ROR2, NKR-2, PSCA, CD28, TAA, NKG2D, or CD123.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cytoplasmic signaling domain of the CAR comprises a CD28 cytoplasmic signaling domain, a CD3 zeta cytoplasmic signaling domain, an OX40 cytoplasmic signaling domain, and/or a CD137 cytoplasmic signaling domain.
20. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cytoplasmic signaling domain of the CAR comprises a CD3 zeta cytoplasmic signaling domain.
21. The method of claim 8 , wherein the cancer is leukemia, adult advanced cancer, pancreatic cancer, non-resectable pancreatic cancer, colorectal cancer, metastatic colorectal cancer, ovarian cancer, triple-negative breast cancer, hematopoietic/lymphoid cancer, colon cancer liver metastasis, small cell lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, B-cell lymphoma, relapsed or refractory B-cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma, diffuse large cell lymphoma, relapsed or refractory diffuse large cell lymphoma, anaplastic large cell lymphoma, primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma, recurrent mediastinal, refractory mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma, large B-cell lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin lymphoma, refractory aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma, B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, refractory non-Hodgkin lymphoma, colorectal carcinoma, gastric carcinoma, pancreatic carcinoma, triple-negative invasive breast carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, lung squamous cell carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, urothelial carcinoma, leukemia, B-cell leukemia, B-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia, B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia, B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia, childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia, refractory childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute lymphocytic leukemia, prolymphocytic leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, recurrent plasma cell myeloma, refractory plasma cell myeloma, multiple myeloma, relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma, multiple myeloma of bone, malignant glioma of brain, myelodysplastic syndrome, EGFR-positive colorectal cancer, glioblastoma multiforme, neoplasms, blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasms, liver metastases, solid tumors, advanced solid tumors, mesothelin positive tumors, or hematological malignancies.
22. The method of claim 1 , wherein the amanitin is selected from the group consisting of β-amanitin, γ-amanitin, ε-amanitin, amanin, amaninamide, amanullin, amanullinic acid, and proamanullin.
23. A method for transplanting allogeneic cells into a human subject, the method comprising
(a) administering to the human subject a first amount of allogeneic cell effective to activate endogenous T cells directed to the allogeneic cell;
(b) administering an anti-CD137 antibody drug conjugate (ADC) to the human subject such that a level of endogenous CD137+ activated T cells in a biological sample from the human subject is reduced by at least 5% relative to a level of endogenous CD137+ activated T cells in a biological sample of the same type from the human subject taken after step a) prior to administration of said anti-CD137 antibody drug conjugate (ADC), wherein the anti-CD137 ADC comprises an anti-CD137 antibody, or antigen-binding fragment thereof, conjugated to a cytotoxin via a linker; and
(c) administering a therapeutically effective amount of an allogeneic cell expressing a CAR to the human subject, wherein the allogeneic cell is the same type of allogeneic cell administered in (a), and wherein the CAR comprises an extracellular domain that binds to a tumor antigen, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic signaling domain;
wherein the cytotoxin is an RNA polymerase inhibitor, and
wherein the RNA polymerase inhibitor is an amanitin selected from the group consisting of α-amanitin, β-amanitin, γ-amanitin, ε-amanitin, amanin, amaninamide, amanullin, amanullinic acid, and proamanullin.