Electrically heated reforming reactor for reforming of methane and other hydrocarbons
Electrically heated reforming reactors and associated reforming processes are disclosed, which benefit from a number of advantages in terms of attaining and controlling the input of heat to catalytic conversion processes such as in the reforming of hydrocarbons (e.g., methane) using H 2 O and/or CO 2 as an oxidant. The disclosed reactors provide the ability to target the input of heat to specific regions within a catalyst bed volume. This allows for the control of the temperature profile in one or more dimensions (e.g., axially and/or radially) and/or otherwise tailoring heat input for processing specific reformer feeds, achieving specific reformer products, effectively utilizing the catalyst, and/or compensating for a number of operating parameters (e.g., flow distribution). Dynamic control of the heat input may be used in response to changes in feed or product composition and/or catalyst activity.
1. A process for producing a synthesis gas product, the process comprising contacting a reformer feed comprising both (i) a hydrocarbon and (ii) H 2 O and/or CO 2 with a catalyst that is disposed in a catalyst bed volume having a plurality of inductive heating elements extending partly or completely therethrough and configured for inductive heating from an alternating magnetic field provided by an energy source,
wherein said plurality of inductive heating elements include individualheating elements or groups of heating elements that are independently controllable for generating different amounts of heat at different radial positions or different axial positions within the catalyst bed volume,
the process further comprising:
causing said individual heating elements or groups of heating elements to generate said different amounts of heat to the catalyst at said different radial positions, or
causing said individual heating elements or groups of heating elements to generate said different amounts of heat to the catalyst at said different axial positions, and
following said contacting, withdrawing the synthesis gas product.
2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the individual heating elements or groups of heating elements that are independently controllable for generating differentamounts of heat at radial positions or the individual heating elements or goups of heating elements that are independently controllable for generating different amounts of heat at different axial positions provide a greater rate of heat at an inlet end of the catalyst bed volume, relative to an opposite, outlet end.
3. The process of claim 1 ,
wherein the individual heating elements or groups of heating elements that are independently controllable for generating different amounts of heat at different radial positions control a radial temperature profile within the catalyst bed volume, or
wherein the individual heating elements or groups of heating elements that are independently controllable for generating different amounts of heat at different axial positions control an axial temperature profile within the catalyst bed volume.
4. The process of claim 3 , wherein controlling of the axial temperature profile results in the axial temperature profile having a minimum temperature that is increased relative to a baseline minimum temperature obtained by providing a same total rate of heat to the catalyst uniformly.
5. A process for producing a synthesis gas product, the process comprising, in an electrically reforming reactor, contacting a reformer feed comprising both (i) a hydrocarbon and (ii) H 2 O and/or CO 2 with a catalyst that is disposed in a catalyst bed volume having a plurality of heating elements extending partly or completely therethrough,
wherein the plurality of heating elements provide different rates of heat to the catalyst that are controlled in a time-dependent manner,
the process further comprising, following said contacting, withdrawing the synthesis gas product.
6. The process of claim 5 , wherein the different rates of heat are controlled in said time-dependent manner, in response to a composition of the reformer feed, a composition of the synthesis gas product, or an age or condition of the catalyst.
7. The process of claim 5 , wherein the plurality of heating elements are resistive heating elements or inductive heating elements.
8. The process of claim 5 , wherein the plurality of heating elements include one or more individually controllable heating elements or one or more individually controllable groups of heating elements.
9. The process of claim 5 , wherein the electrically heated reforming reactor further comprises a reformer feed inlet and a reformer product outlet, said reformer feed inlet and reformer product outlet configured for flowing the reformer feed in an overall flow direction, from an inlet end to an outlet end of the catalyst bed volume,
wherein the plurality of heating elements extend unidirectionally in the overall flow direction, over at least a portion of a length from the inlet end to the outlet end, or
wherein the plurality of heating elements extend unidirectionally in a direction that differs from the overall flow direction.
10. The process of claim 5 , wherein the catalyst bed volume is within an interior space defined by an outer shell of the electrically heated reforming reactor, and wherein the plurality of heating elements extend axially with respect to a cylindrical portion of the interior space, and are spaced apart radially at regular or irregular intervals.
11. The process of claim 5 , wherein the catalyst bed volume is within an interior space defined by an outer shell of the electrically heated reforming reactor, and wherein the plurality of heating elements extend radially with respect to a cylindrical portion of the interior space, and are spaced apart axially at regular or irregular intervals.
12. The process of claim 5 , wherein the plurality of heating elements are in the form of resistive or inductive wires or rods.
13. The process of claim 5 , wherein a heating element of said plurality of heating elements extends centrally through the catalyst bed volume.
14. A process for producing a synthesis gas product, the process comprising, in an electrically heated reforming reactor, contacting a reformer feed comprising both (i) a hydrocarbon and (ii) H 2 O and/or CO 2 with a catalyst that is disposed in a catalyst bed volume having a plurality of heating elements extending partly or completely therethrough,
wherein each of said plurality of heating elements comprises a core of electrically conductive material that is surrounded by a sheath that is an alloy of copper or nickel,
the process further comprising, following said contacting, withdrawing the synthesis gas product.
15. The process of claim 14 , wherein the plurality of heating elements are resistive heating elements or inductive heating elements.
16. The process of claim 14 , wherein the plurality of heating elements include one or more individually controllable heating elements or one or more individually controllable groups of heating elements.
17. The process of claim 14 , wherein the electrically heated reforming reactor further comprises a reformer feed inlet and a reformer product outlet, said reformer feed inlet and reformer product outlet configured for flowing the reformer feed in an overall flow direction, from an inlet end to an outlet end of the catalyst bed volume,
wherein the plurality of heating elements extend unidirectionally in the overall flow direction, over at least a portion of a length from the inlet end to the outlet end, or
wherein the plurality of heating elements extend unidirectionally in a direction that differs from the overall flow direction.
18. The process of claim 14 , wherein the catalyst bed volume is within an interior space defined by an outer shell of the electrically heated reforming reactor, and wherein the plurality of heating elements extend axially with respect to a cylindrical portion of the interior space, and are spaced apart radially at regular or irregular intervals.
19. The process of claim 14 , wherein the catalyst bed volume is within an interior space defined by an outer shell of the electrically heated reforming reactor, and wherein the plurality of heating elements extend radially with respect to a cylindrical portion of the interior space, and are spaced apart axially at regular or irregular intervals.
20. The process of claim 14 , wherein the plurality of heating elements are in the form of resistive or inductive wires or rods.