Stimulation of wells in nano-darcy shale formations
Formulations and methods for stimulating the production from wells in nano-darcy shale formations. In one embodiment, the method includes injecting a treatment mixture containing a metal complexing agent into a nano-darcy shale formation adjacent to a well at a pressure below the fracture pressure of the formation. A sufficient contact time is allowed and then the treatment mixture is pumped from the subsurface. This has been shown to stimulate well production in shale formations. Without being held to a particular theory it appears that the metal complexing agent is binding with naturally occurring metals in the shale formation, and particularly divalent metal ions, which are then extracted with the spent fluid. This removal of naturally occurring metals may be increasing the permeability of the formation in the contact region adjacent to the well, thereby causing the observed increased production.
1. A method for stimulating a well in a formation comprising shale, the method comprising:
providing a treatment mixture containing between about 0.1% and 95% by weight metal complexing agent and between about 0.1 and 95% by weight of acid as pH modifier;
injecting the treatment mixture into the well until at least some of the treatment mixture contacts the formation comprising shale; and
maintaining the treatment mixture in contact with the formation comprising shale for a contact time of between about 1 minute to 100 days, thereby allowing the metal complexing agent to bind with at least some naturally-occurring metals, metalloids, or mixtures thereof contained within the formation comprising shale and thereby removing the bound naturally-occurring metals, metalloids, or mixtures thereof from the formation comprising shale.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the metals are selected from aluminum, barium, calcium, iron, potassium, magnesium, manganese, sodium, strontium, or mixtures thereof and the metalloids are selected from arsenic, boron, silicon, or mixtures thereof.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the metal complexing agent binds with at least some naturally-occurring metals and metalloids contained within the formation comprising shale; thereby removing the bound naturally-occurring metals and metalloids from the formation comprising shale.
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the metal complexing agent comprises citric acid, acetic acid, formic acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, nitrilotriacetic acid, gluconic acid, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), or mixtures thereof.
5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the acid as pH modifier is a mixture of acids.
6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the acid as pH modifier comprises hydrochloric acid, boric acid, carbonic acid, hydrobromic acid, hydrofluoric acid, hydrogen iodide, phosphoric acid, silicic acid, sulfuric acid, or mixtures thereof.
7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the metal complexing agent comprises citric acid, acetic acid, formic acid, or a mixture thereof and the pH modifier comprises hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid, or a mixture thereof.
8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the treatment mixture contains between about 1% and 40% by weight metal complexing agent and between about 0.1 and 30% by weight of acid as pH modifier.
9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the metal complexing agent comprises citric acid, acetic acid, formic acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, or mixtures thereof and the pH modifier comprises hydrochloric acid.
10. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the treatment mixture contains between about 2% and 20% by weight metal complexing agent and between about 0.1 and 30% by weight of acid as pH modifier.
11. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the metal complexing agent is citric acid and the pH modifier is hydrochloric acid.
12. The method according to claim 1 , the treatment mixture further comprising an additive selected from the group consisting of corrosion inhibitor, biocide, scale inhibitor, clay control additive, oxygen scavenger, surfactant, and mixtures thereof.
13. The method according to claim 1 , the injecting further comprising:
alternately injecting a first amount of treatment mixture and a second amount of a diverting mixture into the well.
14. The method according to claim 1 , the injecting further comprising:
injecting the treatment mixture until a pressure within the well reaches a predetermined target pressure; and
upon reaching the target pressure, shutting in the well.
15. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the treatment mixture is maintained in contact with the formation comprising shale for a contact time of between about 1 to 3 days.
16. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the treatment mixture is maintained in contact with the formation comprising shale for a contact time of between about 3 hours to 7 days.
17. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the injecting is at a pressure less than a fracture pressure of the formation comprising shale.
18. A method for stimulating a well in a formation comprising shale, the method comprising:
providing a treatment mixture containing between about 0.1% and 95% by weight metal complexing agent at a pH of between about 0 and 10;
injecting the treatment mixture into the well until at least some of the treatment mixture contacts the formation comprising shale;
maintaining the treatment mixture in contact with the formation comprising shale for a contact time of between about 1 minute to 100 days, thereby allowing the metal complexing agent to bind with at least some naturally-occurring metals, metalloids, or mixtures thereof contained within the formation comprising shale; and
thereby removing the bound naturally-occurring metals, metalloids, or mixtures thereof from the formation comprising shale.
19. The method according to claim 18 , wherein the metals are selected from aluminum, barium, calcium, iron, potassium, magnesium, manganese, sodium, strontium, or mixtures thereof and the metalloids are selected from arsenic, boron, silicon, or mixtures thereof.
20. The method according to claim 18 , wherein the metal complexing agent binds with at least some naturally-occurring metals and metalloids contained within the formation comprising shale; thereby removing the bound naturally-occurring metals and metalloids from the formation comprising shale.
21. The method according to claim 18 , wherein the metal complexing agent comprises citric acid, acetic acid, formic acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, nitrilotriacetic acid, gluconic acid, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), or mixtures thereof.
22. The method according to claim 18 , the injecting further comprising:
alternately injecting a first amount of treatment mixture and a second amount of a diverting mixture into the well.
23. The method according to claim 18 , the treatment mixture further comprising an additive selected from the group consisting of corrosion inhibitor, biocide, scale inhibitor, clay control additive, oxygen scavenger, surfactant, and mixtures thereof.
24. The method according to claim 18 , the injecting further comprising:
injecting the treatment mixture until a pressure within the well reaches a predetermined target pressure; and
upon reaching the target pressure, shutting in the well.
25. The method according to claim 18 , wherein the treatment mixture is maintained in contact with the formation comprising shale for a contact time of between about 1 to 3 days.
26. The method according to claim 18 , wherein the treatment mixture is maintained in contact with the formation comprising shale for a contact time of between about 3 hours to 7 days.
27. The method according to claim 18 , wherein the injecting is at a pressure less than a fracture pressure of the formation comprising shale.