Boost compressor augmentation for hybrid electric thermal management systems
A fan is disposed at an intake of a nacelle, and a gas turbine is contained within a first portion of the nacelle. The gas turbine includes compressor, combustor, and turbine stages through which a core stream of gas passes past the fan and past the compressor, combustor, and turbine stages. A first heat exchanger is disposed in a second portion of the nacelle, where a fan stream passes through the second portion of the nacelle. A first switching valve receives gas from the fan stream and directs the received gas to a second switching valve or the turbine stage. The second switching valve directs gas to a boost compressor and receives gas from the first switching valve or a high pressure bleed from the compressor stage. A third switching valve receives gas from the boost compressor and directs compressed gas to the first heat exchanger or the turbine stage.
1. A system comprising:
a nacelle;
a fan disposed at an intake of the nacelle;
a gas turbine contained within a first portion of the nacelle, the gas turbine comprising a compressor stage, a combustor stage, and a turbine stage through which a core stream of gas passes through the fan, the compressor stage, the combustor stage, and the turbine stage;
a first heat exchanger disposed in a second portion of the nacelle, wherein a fan stream passes through the second portion of the nacelle;
a boost compressor;
a first switching valve;
a second switching valve; and
a third switching valve;
wherein the first switching valve is configured to receive gas from the fan stream, direct the received gas to the second switching valve in an “a” position, and direct the received gas to the turbine stage in a “b” position;
wherein the second switching valve is configured to direct gas to the boost compressor, receive gas from the first switching valve in an “a′” position, and receive gas from a high pressure bleed from the compressor stage in a “b′” position; and
wherein the third switching valve is configured to receive gas from the boost compressor, direct compressed gas to the first heat exchanger in an “a′” position and direct the compressed gas to the turbine stage in a “b′” position.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein:
the system further comprises a controller configured to switch the system between a low-flow mode and a flight mode;
in the low-flow mode, the first switching valve is in the “a” position, the second switching valve is in the “a” position, and the third switching valve is in the “a′” position; and
in the flight mode, the first switching valve is in the “b” position, the second switching valve is in the “b′” position, and the third switching valve is in the “b′” position.
3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the controller is configured to:
determine at least one of: an airspeed below a threshold airspeed or an activation of a weight on wheels switch, and in response to the determination, switch the system to the low-flow mode; or
determine at least one of: an airspeed above a threshold airspeed or a deactivation of a weight on wheels switch, and in response to the determination, switch the system to the flight mode.
4. The system of claim 2 , wherein, in flight mode, the first switching valve is configured to direct the gas from the fan stream to one or more active clearance control systems in the turbine stage.
5. The system of claim 2 , wherein, in flight mode, the third switching valve is configured to provide the compressed gas to a turbine cooling and leakage air (“TCLA”) boost system.
6. The system of claim 2 , wherein the controller is configured to progressively switch from the low-flow mode to the flight mode such that the compressed gas from the boost compressor is provided to both the first heat exchanger and the turbine stage of the gas turbine.
7. The system of claim 1 , wherein:
the boost compressor is an electrically powered compressor; and
the boost compressor is configured to be powered by one or more of an aircraft battery, a high spool power extraction from the gas turbine, or a low spool power extraction from the gas turbine.
8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first heat exchanger comprises:
a body portion containing one or more channels for passage of a liquid coolant;
a first inlet configured to admit moving gas from the fan stream; and
a second inlet configured to admit the compressed gas from the boost compressor.
9. The system of claim 8 , wherein the liquid coolant is one or more of water, fuel, or oil.
10. A method comprising:
operating a fan disposed at an intake of a nacelle and a gas turbine contained within a first portion of the nacelle, the gas turbine comprising a compressor stage, a combustor stage, and a turbine stage through which a core stream of gas passes through the fan, the compressor stage, the combustor stage, and the turbine stage;
operating a first heat exchanger disposed in a second portion of the nacelle, wherein a fan stream passes through the second portion of the nacelle;
using a first switching valve to receive gas from the fan stream and to direct the received gas to a second switching valve in an “a” position or to the turbine stage in a “b” position;
using the second switching valve to direct gas to a boost compressor and to receive gas from the first switching valve in an “a′” position or from a high pressure bleed from the compressor stage in a “b′” position; and
using a third switching valve to receive gas from the boost compressor and to direct compressed gas to the first heat exchanger in an “a″” position or to the turbine stage in a “b″” position.
11. The method of claim 10 , further comprising:
switching between a low-flow mode and a flight mode; and
wherein, in the flight mode, the first switching valve is in the “b” position, the second switching valve is in the “b′” position, and the third switching valve is in the “b″” position.
12. The method of claim 11 , further comprising:
switching to the low-flow mode based on a determination of one or more of: an airspeed below a threshold airspeed or an activation of a weight on wheels switch; and
switching to the flight mode based on a determination of one or more of: an airspeed above a threshold airspeed or a deactivation of a weight on wheels switch.
13. The method of claim 11 , wherein, in flight mode, the first switching valve is configured to direct the gas from the fan stream to one or more active clearance control systems in the turbine stage.
14. The method of claim 11 , wherein, in flight mode, the third switching valve is configured to provide the compressed gas to a turbine cooling and leakage air (“TCLA”) boost system.
15. The method of claim 11 , further comprising:
progressively switching from the low-flow mode to the flight mode such that the compressed gas from the boost compressor is provided to both the first heat exchanger and the turbine stage of the gas turbine.
16. The method of claim 10 , wherein:
the boost compressor is an electrically powered compressor; and
the boost compressor is powered by one or more of an aircraft battery, a high spool power extraction from the gas turbine, or a low spool power extraction from the gas turbine.
17. The method of claim 10 , wherein the first heat exchanger comprises:
a body portion containing one or more channels for passage of a liquid coolant;
a first inlet configured to admit moving gas from the fan stream; and
a second inlet configured to admit the compressed gas from the boost compressor.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the liquid coolant is one or more of water, fuel, or oil.