Sensors for measuring properties of materials flowing through a flowline
A method and system for downhole sampling. The system may include a downhole fluid sampling tool that may include one or more probes configured to extend into a formation, and a pump configured to collect a fluid from the formation through the one or more probes. The method may further comprise a flowline configured to transport the fluid from the formation through the one or more probes and through the downhole fluid sampling tool and a fluid analysis module comprising a resonator antenna disposed on the flowline and configured to measure at least one property of the fluid. Additionally, the method may comprise measuring at least one property of the fluid with at least one resonator antennas that are disposed on or within an outer surface of the flowline.
1. A downhole fluid sampling tool comprising:
one or more probes configured to extend into a formation;
a pump configured to collect a fluid from the formation through the one or more probes;
a flowline configured to transport the fluid from the formation through the one or more probes and through the downhole fluid sampling tool; and
a fluid analysis module comprising two or more nested resonator antennas disposed on the flowline and configured to measure at least one property of the fluid, wherein one nested resonator antenna is disposed within the bounds of another nested resonator antenna and the boundaries of each of the two or more nested resonator antennas are different.
2. The downhole fluid sampling tool of claim 1 , wherein the resonator antenna is a cavity resonator.
3. The downhole fluid sampling tool of claim 2 , wherein the cavity resonator is disposed on an outer surface of the flowline.
4. The downhole fluid sampling tool of claim 2 , wherein the cavity resonator is disposed within the flowline and the fluid inside the flowline acts as a substrate of a cavity resonator.
5. The downhole fluid sampling tool of claim 2 , wherein the cavity resonator comprises a slot.
6. The downhole fluid sampling tool of claim 5 , wherein the flowline comprises a cut slot that is aligned with the slot from the cavity resonator and filled with dielectric material.
7. The downhole fluid sampling tool of claim 6 , wherein the cavity resonator is configured to:
transmit an electromagnetic (EM) wave through the slot and cut slot and into the flowline; and
measure a reflected EM wave through the slot and cut slot from the flowline and compute an S11 parameter, wherein the S11 parameter is a function of a reflection coefficient of the fluid.
8. The downhole fluid sampling tool of claim 2 , wherein the cavity resonator is disposed within at least part of a cavity carved within a wall of the flowline.
9. The downhole fluid sampling tool of claim 1 , wherein the resonator antenna comprises the two or more nested resonator antennas configured to measure a plurality of S11 parameters at more than one frequency, wherein the S11 parameters are a function of a reflection coefficient of the fluid.
10. The downhole fluid sampling tool of claim 1 , wherein the resonator antenna is a microstrip patch antenna.
11. The downhole fluid sampling tool of claim 10 , wherein the microstrip patch antenna comprises a slot and the flowline comprises a cut slot that is aligned with the slot from the microstrip patch antenna and filled with dielectric material.
12. The downhole fluid sampling tool of claim 11 , wherein the microstrip patch antenna is disposed within the flowline and the fluid inside the flowline acts as a substrate of the microstrip patch antenna.
13. The downhole fluid sampling tool of claim 11 , wherein the microstrip patch antenna comprises conducting vias located around a dielectric material.
14. The downhole fluid sampling tool of claim 11 , wherein the microstrip patch antenna is disposed on an outer surface of the flowline.
15. The downhole fluid sampling tool of claim 11 , wherein the microstrip patch antenna is disposed between an inner surface of the flowline and an outer surface of the flowline.
16. A method comprising:
disposing a downhole sampling tool into a formation;
extending one or more probes from the downhole sampling tool into the formation;
collecting a fluid from the formation through the one or more probes with a pump;
transporting the fluid from the formation through the one or more probes and through the downhole fluid sampling tool with a flowline; and
measuring at least one property of the fluid with two or more resonator antennas that are disposed on or within an outer surface of the flowline and the boundaries of each of the two or more nested resonator antennas are different, wherein the at least one property comprises at least one S11 parameter, wherein the S11 parameter is a function of a reflection coefficient of the fluid.
17. The method of claim 16 , further comprising measuring at least one S21 parameter with the two or more resonator antennas, wherein the S21 parameter is a forward voltage gain and is a measurement of power transmissions between the two resonator antennas.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the two or more resonator antennas are nested and configured to measure a plurality of S21 parameters at more than one frequency.
19. The method of claim 17 , further comprising forming a resistivity image and a permittivity image from at least one S21 parameter.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein at least one property of the fluid is identified with at least the resistivity image and the permittivity image using tomographic techniques.