Nanocomposite material
A ZrO 2 /CaSiO 3 /g-C 3 N 4 nanocomposite material includes spherical metal oxide nanoparticles which include a ZrO 2 phase and a CaSiO 3 phase dispersed on a matrix of g-C 3 N 4 nanosheets. The spherical metal oxide nanoparticles have an average particle diameter in a range from 3 to 18 nanometers (nm). The ZrO 2 /CaSiO 3 /g-C 3 N 4 nanocomposite material has a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area greater than or equal to 55 square meters per gram (m 2 ·g −1 ).
1. A ZrO 2 /CaSiO 3 /g-C 3 N 4 nanocomposite material, comprising:
spherical metal oxide nanoparticles comprising a ZrO 2 phase and a CaSiO 3 phase dispersed on a matrix of g-C 3 N 4 nanosheets,
wherein the spherical metal oxide nanoparticles have an average particle diameter in a range from 3 to 18 nm, and
wherein the ZrO 2 /CaSiO 3 /g-C 3 N 4 nanocomposite material has a BET surface area greater than or equal to 55 m 2 ·g −1 .
2. The ZrO 2 /CaSiO 3 /g-C 3 N 4 nanocomposite material of claim 1 , wherein the ZrO 2 /CaSiO 3 /g-C 3 N 4 nanocomposite material has a BET surface area greater than or equal to 60 m 2 ·g −1 .
3. The ZrO 2 /CaSiO 3 /g-C 3 N 4 nanocomposite material of claim 2 , wherein the ZrO 2 /CaSiO 3 /g-C 3 N 4 nanocomposite material has a BET surface area greater than or equal to 65 m 2 ·g −1 .
4. The ZrO 2 /CaSiO 3 /g-C 3 N 4 nanocomposite material of claim 1 , wherein the ZrO 2 /CaSiO 3 /g-C 3 N 4 nanocomposite material has a pore volume greater than or equal to 0.15 cm 3 ·g −1 .
5. The ZrO 2 /CaSiO 3 /g-C 3 N 4 nanocomposite material of claim 4 , wherein the ZrO 2 /CaSiO 3 /g-C 3 N 4 nanocomposite material has a pore volume greater than or equal to 0.20 cm 3 ·g −1 .
6. The ZrO 2 /CaSiO 3 /g-C 3 N 4 nanocomposite material of claim 5 , wherein the ZrO 2 /CaSiO 3 /g-C 3 N 4 nanocomposite material has a pore volume greater than or equal to 0.25 cm 3 ·g −1 .
7. The ZrO 2 /CaSiO 3 /g-C 3 N 4 nanocomposite material of claim 1 , wherein the ZrO 2 /CaSiO 3 /g-C 3 N 4 nanocomposite material has a trimodal pore size distribution with average pore diameters maximized at 6.2, 9.53, and 17.2 nm.
8. The ZrO 2 /CaSiO 3 /g-C 3 N 4 nanocomposite material of claim 1 , wherein the spherical metal oxide nanoparticles have an average particle diameter in a range from 5 to 12 nm.
9. The ZrO 2 /CaSiO 3 /g-C 3 N 4 nanocomposite material of claim 8 , wherein the spherical metal oxide nanoparticles have an average particle diameter of 8.5 nm.
10. A method for making the ZrO 2 /CaSiO 3 /g-C 3 N 4 nanocomposite material of claim 1 , comprising:
autoclaving a solution comprising calcium nitrate, sodium metasilicate, and ethanol at a temperature from 150 to 210° C. for 1 to 3 hours to form a first reaction mixture;
dispersing the first reaction mixture in distilled water, filtering, and rinsing with distilled water to form CaSiO 3 ;
drying the CaSiO 3 ; at 100 to 140° C. for 1 to 2 hours to form dried CaSiO 3 ;
heating urea in a crucible at a temperature from 500 to 700° C. for 0.5 to 2 hours to form g-C 3 N 4 ;
heating a reactive solution comprising zirconium oxychloride octahydrate, xylose, and nitric acid at 180 to 220° C. for 2 to 4 hours to form a zirconium intermediate;
calcining the zirconium intermediate at a 500 to 600° C. for 3 to 5 hours to form ZrO 2 ;
dispersing the dried CaSiO 3 , g-C 3 N 4 , and ZrO 2 in ethylene glycol monomethyl ether to form a second reaction mixture;
microwaving the second reaction mixture at 160 to 200° C. and 4 to 6 bar pressure for 0.5 to 2 hours to form a first intermediate; and
dispersing the first intermediate in distilled water, filtering, rinsing with distilled water, and drying at 120 to 180° C. for 3 to 5 hours to form the ZrO 2 /CaSiO 3 /g-C 3 N 4 nanocomposite material.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the concentration of calcium nitrate in the first reaction mixture is in a range from 0.1 to 10 g/L.
12. The method of claim 10 , wherein the concentration of sodium metasilicate in the first reaction mixture is in a range from 0.1 to 10 g/L.
13. The method of claim 10 , wherein the concentration of ethanol in the first reaction mixture is in a range from 400 to 600 ml/L.
14. The method of claim 10 , wherein the urea is heated in the crucible at a temperature of 600° C. for 45 minutes.
15. The method of claim 10 , wherein the concentration of zirconium oxychloride octahydrate in the reactive solution mixture is in a range from 80 to 100 g/L.
16. The method of claim 10 , wherein the concentration of xylose in the reactive solution mixture is in a range from 80 to 100 g/L.
17. The method of claim 10 , wherein the concentration of nitric acid in the reactive solution mixture is in a range from 80 to 100 ml/L.
18. The method of claim 10 , wherein the zirconium intermediate is calcined at 550° C. for 4 hours to form ZrO 2 .
19. The method of claim 10 , wherein the second reaction mixture is microwaved at 180° C. and 5 bar pressure.
20. The method of claim 10 , wherein the second reaction mixture is microwaved for 1 hour.