Method for microbially enhanced oil recovery
A method for the bioremediation of hydrocarbon-contaminated production water through the microbiological process of culturing salt-tolerant bacteria in a high-salt cell culture medium for decontamination. The high-salt cell culture medium contains sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, sodium bicarbonate, calcium chloride, and calcium chloride, along with agar, water, and salt-tolerant bacteria to form broth. Once incubated to form an inoculation mixture, this broth is combined with production water to produce a bacteria-containing liquid mixture, and then treated with production water, bioremediating by propagating the bacteria-containing liquid mixture in the treated production water.
1. A method of microbially enhanced oil recovery, the method comprising culturing a salt-tolerant bacteria using a high-salt cell culture medium comprising sodium chloride present in an amount of 140 to 160 g per liter of high-salt cell culture medium,
sodium sulfate present in an amount of 0.40 to 0.60 g per liter of high-salt cell culture medium,
sodium bicarbonate present in an amount of 0.38 to 0.59 g per liter of high-salt cell culture medium,
calcium chloride present in an amount of 60 to 80 g per liter of high-salt cell culture medium,
magnesium chloride present in an amount of 10 to 31 g per liter of high-salt cell culture medium,
agar present in an amount of 10 to 30 g per liter of high-salt cell culture medium,
glycerol present in an amount of 1 to 5 vol %, and
water, each based on a total volume of high-salt cell culture medium; suspending the salt-tolerant bacteria in a liquid medium comprising
sodium chloride present in an amount of 140 to 160 g per liter of liquid medium,
sodium sulfate present in an amount of 0.40 to 0.60 g per liter of liquid medium,
sodium bicarbonate present in an amount of 0.38 to 0.59 g per liter of liquid medium,
calcium chloride present in an amount of 60 to 80 g per liter of liquid medium,
magnesium chloride present in an amount of 10 to 31 g per liter of liquid medium,
glycerol present in an amount of 1 to 5 vol %, and
water, each based on a total volume of liquid medium, to form a first broth;
incubating the first broth to form an inoculation mixture;
mixing the inoculation mixture with a production water in a volume ratio of 1:1 to form a bacteria-containing liquid mixture;
propagating the bacteria-containing liquid mixture in a portion of a subterranean geological formation containing an oil deposit; and
recovering oil in the oil deposit.
2. The method of claim 1 ,
wherein the recovering comprises:
producing a production mixture comprising the oil in the oil deposit the bacteria-containing liquid mixture;
recovering to a surface the production mixture; and
separating the oil and the bacteria-containing liquid mixture, and
wherein the high-salt cell culture medium further comprises a nutrient supplement which is at least one selected from the group consisting of
a plant oil mixture comprising
12.5 to 17.5 wt. % saturated fatty acids,
17.5 to 22.5 wt. % monounsaturated fatty acids,
25 to 35 wt. % polyunsaturated fatty acids, and
triglycerides, each based on a total weight of plant oil mixture; and
a nutrient mixture comprising
2 to 4 g peptone per liter of high-salt cell culture medium, and
4.0 to 6.0 g yeast extract per liter of high-salt cell culture medium.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the plant oil mixture present in an amount of 0.25 to 2.5 vol. % based on a total volume of high-salt cell culture medium.
4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising, prior to the culturing, deoxygenating the high-salt cell culture medium by bubbling nitrogen gas which is substantially free of oxygen through the high-salt cell culture medium.
5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising, prior to the culturing, sterilizing the high-salt cell culture medium by autoclaving a non-sterile volume of the high-salt cell culture medium at 115 to 130° C. and 5 to 25 psi for 10 to 60 minutes.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the culturing is performed at 40 to 70° C. for 1 to 14 days.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the culturing is performed under anaerobic conditions.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the high-salt cell culture medium further comprises crude oil present in an amount of 0.25 to 2.5 vol. % based on a total volume of high-salt cell culture medium.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the liquid medium further comprises a nutrient supplement which is at least one selected from the group consisting of
a plant oil mixture comprising
12.5 to 17.5 wt. % saturated fatty acids,
17.5 to 22.5 wt. % monounsaturated fatty acids,
25 to 35 wt. % polyunsaturated fatty acids, and
triglycerides, each based on a total weight of plant oil mixture; and
a nutrient mixture comprising
2 to 4 g peptone per liter of liquid medium, and
4.0 to 6.0 g yeast extract per liter of liquid medium.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the plant oil mixture present in an amount of 0.25 to 2.5 vol. % based on a total volume of liquid medium.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the incubating is performed at 45 to 75° C. for 30 to 120 days.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the incubating is performed under anaerobic conditions.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the liquid medium further comprises crude oil present in an amount of 1 to 40 vol. % based on a total volume of liquid medium.
14. The method of claim 1 , further comprising, prior to the incubating, deoxygenating the liquid medium by bubbling nitrogen gas which is substantially free of oxygen through the liquid medium.
15. The method of claim 1 , further comprising, prior to the incubating, sterilizing the liquid medium by autoclaving a non-sterile volume of the liquid medium at 115 to 130° C. and 5 to 25 psi for 10 to 60 minutes.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the production water has a salinity of 350,000 ppm to 5,000,000 ppm.
17. The method of claim 1 , further comprising, following the propagating the bacteria-containing liquid mixture in a portion of a subterranean geological formation containing an oil deposit, pumping into the subterranean geological formation nitrogen gas which is substantially free of oxygen.
18. The method of claim 1 , further comprising adding to the production water a nutrient supplement which is at least one selected from the group consisting of
a plant oil mixture comprising
12.5 to 17.5 wt. % saturated fatty acids,
17.5 to 22.5 wt. % monounsaturated fatty acids,
25 to 35 wt. % polyunsaturated fatty acids, and
triglycerides, each based on a total weight of plant oil mixture; and
a nutrient mixture comprising
2 to 4 g peptone per liter of nutrient supplement, and
4.0 to 6.0 g yeast extract per liter of nutrient supplement.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein the salt-tolerant bacteria is a member of a genus selected from streptococcus, bacillus , and halomonas.
20. The method of claim 1 , wherein the bacteria-containing liquid mixture comprises
a salt-tolerant bacteria from the genus streptococcus,
a salt-tolerant bacteria from the genus bacillus , and
a salt-tolerant bacteria from the genus halomonas.