Activation system and method for operating an electric machine
An activation system for operating an electric machine includes a control circuit device for activating a rotor winding, and having a highside switch, a semiconductor component, and a de-excitation switch. A first terminal of the rotor winding is connectable to a positive supply terminal via the highside switch and to a negative supply terminal via the semiconductor component. A second terminal of the rotor winding is connectable to the negative supply terminal via the de-excitation switch. The activation system is configured to attain a secure state, when at least one fault is present, by disconnecting the rotor winding from the positive supply terminal and/or by de-exciting the rotor winding. A diagnosis may be carried out using an additional highside switch supplied with power via another activation circuit, and/or a fault detection circuit is provided, whose output signal does not change during a de-excitation.
1. An activation system ( 210 ) for operating an electric machine ( 102 ) including a rotor winding ( 106 ) and a stator winding ( 104 ), including a control circuit device ( 220 , 320 ) that is configured to be connected to the rotor winding ( 106 ) and to activate the rotor winding ( 106 ), the control circuit device ( 220 , 320 ) having a highside switch (T F_H ), a semiconductor component (T F_L ), in particular a lowside switch, and a de-excitation switch (S 1 ),
wherein the highside switch (T F_H ) is situated in such a way that a first terminal (F+) of the rotor winding ( 106 ) is connectable to a positive supply terminal (B+) of the activation system via the highside switch,
wherein the semiconductor component (T F_L ) is situated in such a way that the first terminal (F+) of the rotor winding is connectable to a negative supply terminal (B−) of the activation system via the semiconductor component,
wherein the de-excitation switch (S 1 ) is situated in such a way that a second terminal (F−) of the rotor winding is connectable to the negative supply terminal (B−) of the activation system via the de-excitation switch,
wherein the activation system ( 210 ) is configured in such a way that during normal operation, when the semiconductor component (T F_L ) is conductive and the de-excitation switch (S 1 ) is open for the de-excitation, a de-excitation circuit (K) is formed, via which the rotor winding ( 106 ) is de-excited,
wherein the activation system ( 210 ) is configured to attain a secure state, when at least one fault is present, by disconnecting the rotor winding ( 106 ) from the positive supply terminal (B+), and/or for a connected rotor winding ( 106 ), by de-exciting the rotor winding ( 106 ), wherein
a) the activation system ( 210 ) includes an additional highside switch (Q 1 ) that is connected in series with the highside switch (T F_H ) so that the highside switch (T F_H ) is redundantly designed, and includes an activation circuit ( 243 ) for the additional highside switch, the activation circuit being supplied with energy via at least one other activation circuit or partial activation circuit of the activation system, and/or
b) the activation system ( 210 ) includes a fault detection circuit that is configured to bring about attainment of the secure state by means of an output signal, in particular by de-exciting the rotor winding for a connected rotor winding ( 106 ), wherein the activation system is configured, when the rotor winding ( 106 ) is de-excited via the de-excitation circuit (K), to not change the output signal of the fault detection circuit until the rotor winding is de-excited to a predefined threshold value, preferably completely de-excited, and/or
c) the activation system ( 210 ) is configured, before and/or during a start-up of normal operation, to carry out a diagnosis to check a functionality for attaining the secure state when a fault is present.
2. The activation system ( 210 ) according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one other activation circuit or partial activation circuit includes an activation circuit or partial activation circuit for activating switches of a converter of the electric machine, in particular a phase, and/or at least the highside switch (T F_H , T F_L ) of the control circuit device ( 220 ).
3. The activation system ( 210 ) according to claim 1 , wherein the activation circuit for the additional highside switch is configured to receive the output signal of the fault detection circuit, and to switch the additional highside switch (Q 1 ) based on the output signal.
4. The activation system ( 210 ) according to claim 1 , wherein the activation system is configured, when the rotor winding ( 106 ) is de-excited via the de-excitation circuit (K), to not change the output signal of the fault detection circuit until the rotor winding is de-excited to a predefined threshold value, preferably completely de-excited, by activating a switching mechanism during the de-excitation, in particular by generating a switching signal that ensures that the output signal of the fault detection circuit is not changed.
5. The activation system ( 210 ) according to claim 1 , wherein the diagnosis includes checking a functionality of the additional highside switch (Q 1 ) and/or of the activation circuit for the additional highside switch (Q 1 ).
6. The activation system ( 210 ) according to claim 1 , wherein the diagnosis includes checking a functionality of the highside switch (T F_H ) and/or of the semiconductor component (T F_L ) designed as a lowside switch, and/or of the activation circuit for the highside switch and/or the lowside switch.
7. The activation system ( 210 ) according to claim 1 , wherein the diagnosis includes checking a functionality of the de-excitation switch (S 1 ) and/or of an activation circuit for the de-excitation switch.
8. The activation system ( 210 ) according to claim 1 , wherein the diagnosis includes checking a functionality of the activation system to not change the output signal of the fault detection circuit until the rotor winding is de-excited to a predefined threshold value, preferably completely de-excited.
9. The activation system ( 210 ) according to claim 1 , including at least one diode (D 21 , D 22 ), in particular a TVS diode or Zener diode, that is connected in parallel to the de-excitation switch (S 1 ) and situated in the de-excitation circuit (K), the diagnosis including checking a functionality of the at least one diode.
10. The activation system ( 210 ) according to claim 1 including a converter ( 130 ) with multiple half bridges, each having two switches (T U_H , T U_L , T V_H , T V_L , T W_H , T W_L , T X_H , T X_L , T Y_H , T Y_L ), the half bridges each being configured to be connected to one of multiple electrical phases of the stator winding, and the converter ( 130 ) being configured to activate the stator winding ( 104 ), and including one or more activation circuits ( 240 , 242 ) for activating the switches of the converter and at least the highside switch (T F_H , T F_L ) of the control circuit device ( 220 ).
11. An electric machine ( 102 ) including a rotor winding ( 106 ) and stator winding ( 104 ), and including an activation system ( 210 ) according to claim 1 .
12. A method for operating an electric machine ( 102 ) including a rotor winding ( 106 ) and stator winding ( 104 ), and including an activation system ( 210 ) according to claim 1 , wherein when at least one fault is present during operation, a secure state is attained by disconnecting the rotor winding ( 106 ) from a positive supply terminal (B+) and/or de-exciting the rotor winding ( 106 ).