IP Library Granted Patent US 12,427,310
Granted Patent B2
US 12,427,310 · App. 17/826,367 · Granted Sep 30, 2025

Application of an electrical amplitude-modulated signal to a subject

Inventors: Alon Ironi (Haifa, IL); Ronen Jashek (Shoham, IL)
Assignee: THERANICA BIO-ELECTRONICS LTD.
A61N1/36021A61N1/0456A61N1/3603A61N1/0492
View Patent ↗
Loading inventors, assignments & file history…
Monitor This Case
Get email alerts when status or documents change.
Order Certified Copies
Most orders are placed with the USPTO same day — all within 24 business hours.
Order via The Patent Place →
Pre-filled with this patent's details
Quick Facts
Patent No.
US 12,427,310
App. No.
17/826,367
Granted
Sep 30, 2025
Kind
B2
Abstract

Apparatus is provided that includes a set of two or more electrodes configured to be placed in electrical contact with a portion of a body of a subject, and at least one computer processor configured to drive the electrodes to apply an amplitude-modulated signal into the portion of the subject's body. The amplitude-modulated signal contains a high frequency component that acts as a carrier wave, the high frequency component having a frequency of between 80 Hz and 120 Hz, and a rectangular low frequency component that acts as a modulating component that modulates the carrier wave, the rectangular low frequency component having a frequency of between 1 Hz and 8 Hz. Other embodiments are also described.

Claims (30)

1. Apparatus comprising:

a set of two or more electrodes configured to be placed in electrical contact with a portion of a body of a subject; and

at least one computer processor configured to drive the electrodes to apply an amplitude-modulated signal into the portion of the subject's body, the amplitude-modulated signal containing:

a high frequency component that acts as a carrier wave, the high frequency component having a frequency of between 80 Hz and 120 Hz, and

a rectangular low frequency component that acts as a modulating component that modulates the carrier wave, the rectangular low frequency component having a frequency of between 1 Hz and 8 Hz.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising a patch, wherein the electrodes are disposed upon the patch and the electrodes are configured to be placed in electrical contact with the portion of the subject's body by placing the patch upon the portion of the subject's body.

3. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the computer processor is configured to drive the electrodes to apply the amplitude-modulated signal into the portion of the subject's body by:

applying the high frequency component, the high frequency component including a biphasic pulse, and

applying the rectangular low frequency component, the rectangular low frequency component including a monophasic pulse.

4. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the computer processor is configured to drive the electrodes to apply the amplitude-modulated signal into the portion of the subject's body by applying the high frequency component, the high frequency component having a base frequency, and the frequency of the high frequency component drifting from the base frequency up to 20 percent above the base frequency, and down to 20 percent below the base frequency.

5. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one computer processor is configured to drive the electrodes to apply the amplitude-modulated signal such that the high frequency component includes rectangular pulses.

6. A method comprising:

applying an electrical amplitude-modulated signal to a portion of a body of a subject, via electrodes, the amplitude-modulated signal containing:

a high frequency component that acts as a carrier wave, the high frequency component having a frequency of between 80 Hz and 120 Hz, and

a rectangular low frequency component that acts as a modulating component that modulates the carrier wave, the rectangular low frequency component having a frequency of between 1 Hz and 8 Hz.

7. The method according to claim 6 , wherein applying the electrical amplitude-modulated signal to the portion of the subject's body comprises applying the electrical amplitude-modulated signal to the portion of the subject's body via electrodes that are disposed on a patch that is placed onto the portion of the subject's body.

8. The method according to claim 6 , wherein applying the electrical amplitude-modulated signal to the portion of the subject's body comprises:

applying the high frequency component, the high frequency component including a biphasic pulse, and

applying the rectangular low frequency component, the rectangular low frequency component including a monophasic pulse.

9. The method according to claim 6 , wherein applying the electrical amplitude-modulated signal to the portion of the subject's body comprises applying the high frequency component, the high frequency component having a base frequency, and the frequency of the high frequency component drifting from the base frequency up to 20 percent above the base frequency, and down to 20 percent below the base frequency.

10. The method according to claim 6 , further comprising identifying the subject as suffering from a medical condition selected from the group consisting of: a migraine, a headache, and pain, wherein applying the electrical amplitude-modulated signal to the portion of the subject's body comprises applying the electrical amplitude-modulated signal to the portion of the subject's body in response to the identifying.

11. The method according to claim 10 ,

wherein identifying the subject as suffering from the medical condition comprises identifying the subject as suffering from pain within a first anatomical region of the subject's body; and

wherein applying the electrical amplitude-modulated signal to the portion of the subject's body comprises applying the electrical amplitude-modulated signal to a portion of the subject's body that is within a second anatomical region, the second anatomical region being different from the first anatomical region.

12. The method according to claim 10 ,

wherein identifying the subject as suffering from the medical condition comprises identifying the subject as suffering from pain at a first location of the subject's body; and

wherein applying the electrical amplitude-modulated signal to the portion of the subject's body comprises applying the electrical amplitude-modulated signal to a second location of the subject's body, the second location being at a distance of more than 25 cm from the first location.

13. The method according to claim 10 , wherein identifying the subject as suffering from the medical condition comprises identifying the subject as suffering from a migraine.

14. The method according to claim 10 , wherein identifying the subject as suffering from the medical condition comprises identifying the subject as suffering from menstrual pain.

15. The method according to claim 6 , wherein applying the electrical amplitude-modulated signal comprises applying the electrical amplitude-modulated signal such that the high frequency component includes rectangular pulses.

Assignments (1)
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST Recorded May 27, 2022
From: ALON IRONI; JASHEK, RONEN
To: THERANICA BIO-ELECTRONICS LTD.
Reel/Frame 060036/0169 →
Continuity (5)
Continuation 16337759
Provisional Application 62412981 · Oct 26, 2016
Provisional Application 62401392 · Sep 29, 2016
Provisional Application 62401380 · Sep 29, 2016
Related Publication 20220280791A1 · Sep 8, 2022
References Cited (215)
US 4608985A · Crish et al. · 1986 [cited by applicant]
US 4613850A · Timmermann · 1986 [cited by applicant]
US 4649936A · Ungar et al. · 1987 [cited by applicant]
US 4785813A · Petrofsky · 1988 [cited by applicant]
US 4811742A · Hassel et al. · 1989 [cited by applicant]
US 4989605A · Rossen · 1991 [cited by applicant]
US 5199430A · Fang et al. · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5215086A · Terry, Jr. et al. · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5330515A · Rutecki et al. · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5755750A · Petruska et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5938690A · Law et al. · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 5999848A · Gord et al. · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 6217574B1 · Webster · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6236889B1 · Soykan · 2001 [cited by examiner]
US 6249706B1 · Sobota et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6273863B1 · Avni et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6522927B1 · Bishay et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6600954B2 · Cohen et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6684105B2 · Cohen et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 6741889B1 · Holcomb · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 6907295B2 · Gross et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 7006859B1 · Osorio et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 7155287B2 · Gavronsky · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 7200444B2 · Gavronsky et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 7221980B2 · Kotlik et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 7346398B2 · Gross et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 7561922B2 · Cohen et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 7627384B2 · Ayal et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 7734340B2 · De Ridder · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7734355B2 · Cohen et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7771371B2 · Avni · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7778703B2 · Gross et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7998092B2 · Avni et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 8295925B2 · Brogan et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8340771B2 · Thimineur et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8428734B2 · Rigaux et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8478420B2 · Armstrong et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8620434B2 · Bodlaender et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8660651B2 · Castel et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8712546B2 · Kim et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8768428B2 · Clare et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8774925B2 · Yarnitsky · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8805548B2 · Mignolet et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8874205B2 · Simon et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8874227B2 · Simon et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8880173B2 · DiUbaldi · 2014 [cited by examiner]
US 8996115B2 · Trier et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9011355B2 · Ehrenreich et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9067054B2 · Simon et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9138580B2 · Ignagni et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9205256B2 · Koo · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9242085B2 · Hershey et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9242092B2 · Simon et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9248279B2 · Chen et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9333347B2 · Simon et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9375571B2 · Errico et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9415219B2 · Simon et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9656074B2 · Simon et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9687652B2 · Franke et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9895533B2 · Harpak et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 10213602B2 · Ironi et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10289594B2 · Harpak et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10314501B2 · Zitnik · 2019 [cited by examiner]
US 10646400B2 · Ho · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 11065444B2 · Errico et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 11357980B2 · Ironi et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 20020138116A1 · Bertolucci · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 20030120271A1 · Burnside et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 20030212440A1 · Boveja · 2003 [cited by examiner]
US 20040015212A1 · Huber et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20040030360A1 · Eini et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20040087838A1 · Galloway et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20050033544A1 · Brooks · 2005 [cited by examiner]
US 20050118497A1 · Breen · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20050182457A1 · Thrope et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20050234525A1 · Phillips · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20050251061A1 · Schuler et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20060100671A1 · Ridder · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20060149337A1 · John · 2006 [cited by examiner]
US 20060149345A1 · Boggs, II · 2006 [cited by examiner]
US 20060155345A1 · Williams et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20060206163A1 · Wahlstrand et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20070067004A1 · Boveja et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070123952A1 · Strother et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070203534A1 · Tapper · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070233203A1 · Euliano et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20080021505A1 · Hastings et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080033504A1 · Bertolucci · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080065182A1 · Strother et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080167580A1 · Avni et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080215119A1 · Woods et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20090182393A1 · Bachinski · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090192406A1 · Larsen et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20100137939A1 · Liu · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100152817A1 · Gillbe · 2010 [cited by examiner]
US 20100249677A1 · DiUbaldi · 2010 [cited by examiner]
US 20100312166A1 · Castel · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20110112605A1 · Fahey · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110215952A1 · Aria et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110245648A1 · Hudson · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110264171A1 · Torgerson · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110276738A1 · Kim et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20120083858A1 · Yarnitsky · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120116478A1 · Buhlmann et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120184801A1 · Simon et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20130085551A1 · Bachinski et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130093501A1 · Kajimoto · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130158627A1 · Gozani et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130236867A1 · Avni et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130245486A1 · Simon et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130338729A1 · Spector · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20140031895A1 · Rahimi · 2014 [cited by examiner]
US 20140148870A1 · Burnett · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140163645A1 · Dinsmoor et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140194946A1 · Thomas et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140222102A1 · Lemus et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140249601A1 · Bachinski et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140296934A1 · Gozani et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140324120A1 · Bogie et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140364920A1 · Doan et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140371814A1 · Spizzirri et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20150005852A1 · Hershey et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150148878A1 · Yoo et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150165186A1 · Dar et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150174406A1 · Lamensdorf et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150257970A1 · Mucke et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150352357A1 · Wei et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20170001003A1 · Pivonka et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170197077A1 · Harpak et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170224990A1 · Goldwasser · 2017 [cited by examiner]
US 20170333715A1 · De Ridder · 2017 [cited by examiner]
US 20170368344A1 · Ironi et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20180189212A1 · Harpak et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20190001139A1 · Mishra · 2019 [cited by examiner]
US 20200038656A1 · Ironi et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 20220370787A1 · Doskocil et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
EP 2730311 · 2014 [cited by applicant]
JP 2010057804 · 2010 [cited by applicant]
JP 2011015723 · 2011 [cited by applicant]
KR 20110120810 · 2011 [cited by applicant]
WO 0110375 · 2001 [cited by applicant]
WO 0136051 · 2001 [cited by applicant]
WO 02087683 · 2002 [cited by applicant]
WO 03099377 · 2003 [cited by applicant]
WO 2005039693 · 2005 [cited by applicant]
WO 2008128215 · 2008 [cited by applicant]
WO 2009079270 · 2009 [cited by applicant]
WO 2010143164 · 2010 [cited by applicant]
WO 2012103519A2 · 2012 [cited by applicant]
WO 2013134330 · 2013 [cited by applicant]
WO 2015042365 · 2015 [cited by applicant]
WO 2016025323 · 2016 [cited by applicant]
WO 2016113661 · 2016 [cited by applicant]
WO 2016125087 · 2016 [cited by applicant]
WO 2016135604 · 2016 [cited by applicant]
WO 2016203356 · 2016 [cited by applicant]
WO 2017051412 · 2017 [cited by applicant]
WO 2017122195 · 2017 [cited by applicant]
WO 2018060997 · 2018 [cited by applicant]
WO 2022002467A1 · 2022 [cited by applicant]
WO 2022245881A1 · 2022 [cited by applicant]
An International Search Report and a Written Opinion both dated Apr. 24, 2017, which issued during the prosecution of Applicant's PCT/IL2017/050028. [cited by applicant]
An International Search Report and a Written Opinion both dated Dec. 14, 2016, which issued during the prosecution of Applicant's PCT/IL2016/051043. [cited by applicant]
Degen et al., “An improved Method to continuously monitor the Electrode-Skin Impedance during Bioelectric Measurements”, Proceedings of the 29th Annual International Conference of the IEEE EMBS Cite Internationale, Lyon… [cited by applicant]
An International Search Report and a Written Opinion both dated Apr. 20, 2016, which issued during the prosecution of Applicant's PCT/IB2016/050104. [cited by applicant]
An Office Action dated Apr. 4, 2018, which issued during the prosecution of U.S. Appl. No. 15/542,553. [cited by applicant]
An Office Action dated Mar. 6, 2017, which issued during the prosecution of U.S. Appl. No. 14/992,046. [cited by applicant]
Notice of Allowance dated Sep. 24. 2018, which issued during the prosecution of U.S. Appl. No. 15/542,553. [cited by applicant]
Notice of Allowance dated Oct. 27, 2017, which issued during the prosecution of U.S. Appl. No. 14/992,046. [cited by applicant]
Slavin, Konstantin V., Hrachya Nersesyan, and Christian Wess. “Peripheral neurostimulation for treatment of intractable occipital neuralgia.” Neurosurgery 58.1 (2006): 1 12-119. [cited by applicant]
Ristic, Dejan, and Jens Eilrich. “Innocuous peripheral nerve stimulation shifts stimulus-response function of painful laser stimulation in man.” Neuromodulation: Technology at the Neural Interface 17.7 (2014): 686-695. [cited by applicant]
Nir, Rony-Reuven, et al. “A psychophysical study of endogenous analgesia: the role of the conditioning pain in the induction and magnitude of conditioned pain modulation.” European Journal of Pain 15.5 (2011): 491-497. [cited by applicant]
Burstein, Rami, Michael F. Cutrer, and David Yarnitsky. “The development of cutaneous allodynia during a migraine attack clinical evidence for the sequential recruitment of spinal and supraspinal nociceptive neurons in … [cited by applicant]
Johnson MI. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and TENS-like devices: Do they provide pain relief? Journal of Pain 2001;8:121-58. [cited by applicant]
Melzack R. Prolonged relief of pain by brief, intense transcutaneosomatic stimulation. Journal of Pain. 1975;1:357-73. [cited by applicant]
Bowman BR, Baker LL. Effects of waveform parameters on comfort during transcutaneous neuromuscular electrical stimulation. Annals of Biomedical Engineering. 1985;13:59-74. [cited by applicant]
Walsh DM, Foster NE, Baxter GD, Allen JM. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, relevance of stimulation parameters to neurophysiological and hypoalgesic effects. American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabil… [cited by applicant]
Petrofsky JS, Suh HJ, Gunda S, Prowse M, Batt J. Interrelationships between body fat and skin blood flow and the current required for electrical stimulation of human muscle. Medical Engineering & Physics. 2008;30: 931-6. [cited by applicant]
Gopalkrishnan P, Sluka KA. Effect of varying frequency, intensity, and pulse duration of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on primary hyperalgesia in inflamed rats. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilita… [cited by applicant]
Han JS, Chen XH, Sun SL, Xu XJ, Yuan Y, Yan SC, Hao JX, Terenius L. Effect of low- and high-frequency TENS on Met-enkephalin-Arg-Phe and dynorphin A immunoreactivity in human lumbar CSF. Journal of Pain, vol. 47, Issue … [cited by applicant]
Melzack R, Wall PD; Pain mechanisms: a new theory; Science. 1965; 150(3699):971-979. [cited by applicant]
Tong KC, Lo SK, Cheing GL; Alternating frequencies of transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation: does it produce greater analgesic effects on mechanical and thermal pain thresholds; Archives of Physical Medicine and Reh… [cited by applicant]
Chen CC, Johnson MI; An investigation into the effects of frequency-modulated transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on experimentally-induced pressure pain in healthy human participants; Journal of Pain, Oc… [cited by applicant]
Yarnitsky D., Conditioned pain modulation (the diffuse noxious inhibitory control-like effect): its relevance for acute and chronic pain states; Current Opinion on Anaesthesiology, Oct. 2010;23(5):611-5. [cited by applicant]
Youssef A.M., V.G. Macefield V.G., Henderson L.A.; Pain inhibits pain; human brainstem mechanisms; NeuroImage 124 (2016) 54-62. [cited by applicant]
Marina De Tommaso, Olimpia Difruscolo, Michele Sardaro, Giuseppe Libro, Carla Pecoraro, Claudia Serpino, Paolo Lamberti, Paolo Livrea; Effects of remote cutaneous pain on trigeminal laser-evoked potentials in migraine p… [cited by applicant]
Ossipov M.H., Morimura K., Porreca F.; Descending pain modulation and chronification of pain; Current Opinion in Supportive & Palliative Care: Jun. 2014 vol. 8—Issue 2—p. 143-151. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 62/102,606, filed Jan. 13, 2015. [cited by applicant]
Notice of Allowance dated Nov. 26, 2018, which issued during the prosecution of U.S. Appl. No. 15/542,553. [cited by applicant]
Supplementary European Search Report dated Sep. 18, 2018, which issued during the prosecution of Applicant's European App No. 16737139.2. [cited by applicant]
Notice of Allowance dated Feb. 6, 2019, which issued during the prosecution of U.S. Appl. No. 15/736.181. [cited by applicant]
L9780 datasheet—Wide range air fuel sensor control interface. DocID026356 Rev Nov. 3, 2014. (Retrieved from the internet on Sep. 1, 2016) Retrieved from the Internet: <http://www.st.com/content/ccc/resource/technical/do… [cited by applicant]
Communication buses and protocols for sensor networks. Sensors, 2(7), pp. 244-257. (Retrieved from the internet on Sep. 1, 2016) Retrieved from the Internet: <http://www.mdpi.net/sensors/papers/s20700244 ,pdf> Zhou, J. … [cited by applicant]
An International Search Report and a Written Opinion both dated Sep. 1, 2016, which issued during the prosecution of Applicant's PCT/IB2016/053463. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 62/180,077, filed Jun. 16, 2015. [cited by applicant]
Perttunen J, “Foot Loading in Normal and Pathological Walking,” Jyväskylä: University of Jyväskylä, 2002, 86 p. (Studies in Sport, Physical Education and Health). [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 62/221,146, filed Sep. 21, 2015. [cited by applicant]
An Invitation to pay additional fees dated Jul. 30. 2018, which issued during the prosecution of Applicant's PCT/IB2018/053385. [cited by applicant]
An International Search Report and a Written Opinion both dated Sep. 25, 2018, which issued during the prosecution of Applicant's PCT/IB2018/053385. [cited by applicant]
An International Search Report and a Written Opinion both dated Dec. 19, 2017, which issued during the prosecution of Applicant's PCT/IL2017/051087. [cited by applicant]
An Office Action dated Oct. 18, 2018, which issued during the prosecution of U.S. Appl. No. 15/736,181. [cited by applicant]
An International Search Report and a Written Opinion both dated Aug. 27, 2019, which issued during the prosecution of Applicant's PCTIL2019050045. [cited by applicant]
Electroacupuncture reduces Back Pain in Elderly Patients. Acupuncture Today, Aug. 2003 vol. 04, Iss 08. (Retrieved from the internet on Dec. 11, 2016) Retrieved from the Internet: <https://www.acupuncturetoday.com/pdf_o… [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 61/186,027, filed Jun. 11, 2009. [cited by applicant]
Granot, Michal, et al. “Determinants of endogenous analgesia magnitude in a diffuse noxious inhibitory control (DNIC) paradigm: do conditioning stimulus painfulness, gender and personality variables matter?” Pain 136.1-… [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 62/401,380, filed Sep. 29, 2016. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 62/401,392, filed Sep. 29, 2016. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 62/412,981, filed Oct. 26, 2016. [cited by applicant]
An Office Action dated Jul. 12, 2021, which issued during the prosecution of U.S. Appl. No. 16/337,759. [cited by applicant]
An Office Action dated Feb. 12. 2021, which issued during the prosecution of U.S. Appl. No. 16/337.759. [cited by applicant]
Notice of Allowance dated Feb. 14. 2022, which issued during the prosecution of U.S. Appl. No. 16/337,759. [cited by applicant]
An Office Action dated May 1, 2020, which issued during the prosecution of U.S. Appl. No. 15/761,614. [cited by applicant]
Notice of Allowance dated Apr. 8, 2022, which issued during the prosecution of U.S. Appl. No. 16/337,759. [cited by applicant]
Fitzpatrick, D. M., J. J. Struijk, and B. J. Andrews. “A nerve cuff design for the selective activation and blocking of myelinated nerve fibres.” (1991): 906-907. [cited by applicant]
Rijkhoff, N. J. M., and Thomas Sinkjaer. “Orderly recruitment of motoneurons in an acute rabbit model.” Proceedings of the 20th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. vo… [cited by applicant]