Particle-imbedded serving yarn for CMC applications
A method of preparing a fibrous preform for use in a ceramic matrix composite comprises coiling a serving yarn around a ceramic tow to form a served tow, the serving yarn comprising a polymer material with embedded ceramic particles, incorporating the served tow into a woven fabric, the woven fabric comprising a plurality of served tows, and removing the polymer material of the serving yarn such that the embedded ceramic particles remain in the woven fabric.
1. A method of preparing a fibrous preform for use in a ceramic matrix composite, the method comprising:
coiling a serving yarn around an outer surface of a ceramic tow to form a served tow, the serving yarn comprising a polymer material with embedded ceramic particles and the ceramic tow formed of bundled ceramic filaments, wherein coiling the serving yarn comprises forming a plurality of coils disposed along a length of the ceramic tow, wherein each coil is a segment of the serving yarn fully circumscribing the ceramic tow;
incorporating the served tow into a woven fabric, the woven fabric comprising a plurality of served tows; and
removing the polymer material of the serving yarn such that the embedded ceramic particles remain in the woven fabric;
wherein the embedded ceramic particles comprise at least one of silicon carbide, boron nitride, boron carbide, zirconium dioxide, and silicon nitride;
wherein a size of the embedded ceramic particles ranges from 10 microns to 60 microns;
wherein a percent by volume of the embedded ceramic particles in the serving yarn ranges from 5% to 25%; and
wherein a percent by volume of the embedded ceramic particles in the serving yarn is greater at a midplane of the preform than at an outer surface of the preform.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the serving yarn is coiled around the ceramic tow such that there are 1 to 100 coils per unit length of the ceramic tow.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the unit length is 1.0 inch.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polymer material comprises polyvinyl alcohol.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ceramic tow has a first diameter, and the serving yarn has a second diameter, the second diameter being 25% to 50% of the first diameter, and the second diameter ranging from 100 microns to 300 microns.
6. The method of claim 1 and further comprising: prior to removing the polymer material, laying up the woven fabric into the preform and debulking the preform.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein removing the polymer material comprises heating the woven fabric to a temperature ranging from 700° F. and 800° F.
8. The method of claim 6 , wherein removing the polymer material comprises immersing the preform in boiling water.
9. The method of claim 1 and further comprising: forming the ceramic matrix composite by densifying the preform using chemical vapor infiltration to deposit a ceramic matrix on and within the preform.
10. The method of claim 9 and further comprising: applying at least one of a thermal barrier coating and an environmental barrier coating to the ceramic matrix composite.