Implants, assemblies and methods of manufacturing such implants or assemblies
An implant for in-vivo implantation which comprises an assembly of two or more constructive elements ( 3,4 ) which are movable relative to each other. Each constructive element ( 3,4 ) is partly or completely porous and comprises a porous part ( 5,6 ) with a matrix ( 7,8 ) of open cells ( 51,61 ). A first matrix ( 7 ) of the first element ( 3 ) comprises a first overlapping part ( 50 ) with a form-closed connection to a second overlapping part ( 60 ) of a second matrix ( 8 ) of the second of the constructive elements ( 4 ) through which the first overlapping part extends. The overlapping parts ( 50,60 ) are movable relative to each other to change a combined shape of the overlapping parts.
1. An implant for in-vivo implantation; in a human or non-human animal, the implant being adjustable in shape during or after implantation, the implant comprising:
an assembly of at least a first constructive element nd a second constructive element, each constructive element comprising a monolithic porous part, the monolithic porous part of the first constructive element comprising a first three-dimensional matrix and the monolithic porous part of the second constructive element comprising a second three-dimensional matrix, wherein each of the first and second three-dimensional matrices comprising a three-dimensional network of open cell pores, wherein each network has a size of at least 2 open cell pores in a first dimension, at least 2 open cell pores in a second dimension and at least 2 open cell pores in a third dimension;
a mechanical joint between the first constructive element and the second constructive element, the mechanical joint configured to link the first constructive element and the second constructive element and configured to allow a movement of the first constructive element relative to the second constructive element during or after said implantation, the mechanical joint comprising:
a first overlapping part of the first three-dimensional matrix, the first overlapping part extending through the second three-dimensional matrix, a second overlapping part of the second three-dimensional matrix, the second overlapping part extending through the first overlapping part, and a form-closed connection between the first overlapping part and the second overlapping part, the first overlapping part being movable relative to the second overlapping part to move the first constructive element relative to the second constructive element and the second overlapping part being movable relative to the first overlapping part to move the second constructive element relative to the first constructive element;
the implant further comprising an adjustable exterior shape at least partially defined by a combined shape of the first constructive element and the second constructive element, which the adjustable exterior shape is adjustable during or after implantation by said movement of the first constructive element relative to the second constructive element.
2. The implant of claim 1 , wherein the first overlapping part comprises first open cell pores and, the second overlapping part comprises second open cell pores, the first open cell pores having edges extending through open faces of the second open cell pores and enclosing edges of the second open cell pores.
3. The implant of claim 1 , wherein the first overlapping part and the second overlapping part are movable in one, two or three dimensions relative to each other.
4. The implant of claim 1 , wherein the first three-dimensional matrix further comprises a projecting part which is movable to project to a larger or smaller extent out of the second three-dimensional matrix, the overlapping parts are movable to bring the assembly from a first state to a second state, and the projecting part is configured to project to a lesser extent out of the second matrix in the first state than in the second state.
5. The implant of claim 4 , wherein in the second state the projecting part is rotationally and/or translationally moved, relative to a position of the projecting part in the first state, in a direction away from the second three-dimensional matrix.
6. The implant of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first and second constructive elements further comprises a solid part attached to the overlapping porous part of the first or second constructive elements.
7. The implant of claim 1 , wherein:
the first three-dimensional matrix and the second three-dimensional matrix have a lattice structure defined by an arrangement of open unit cells; and
the second three-dimensional matrix is movable along lattice planes of the lattice structure of the first three-dimensional matrix.
8. The implant of claim 7 , wherein the first three-dimensional matrix and the second three-dimensional matrix have different unit cells and/or a different lattice structure.
9. The implant of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first three-dimensional matrix or the second three-dimensional matrix is formed of an arrangement of at least two species of unit cells, said species differing in at least one of: type, cell size, porosity, regularity, homogeneity.
10. The implant of claim 1 , wherein the joint is a lockable joint and the joint further comprises a fixation selectively engageable on the first constructive element and the second constructive element for locking the first constructive element in a position and/or orientation relative to the second constructive element during or after implantation.
11. The implant of claim 10 , wherein the fixation is adjustable in-situ to adapt the shape of the implant to the a human or non-human animal in which the implant is provided.
12. The implant of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first constructive element and the second constructive element is a monolithic structure.
13. The implant of claim 1 , wherein the implant is a type of implant selected from the group consisting of: permanent prosthesis, temporary prosthesis, orthopaedic implant, dental implant, spine cage, stent and combinations of at least two of said types.
14. The implant of claim 1 , for in-vivo implantation in at least one selected from the group consisting of: non-human animal, human, domestic animal, pets, livestock.
15. The implant of claim 1 , wherein the implant is a musculoskeletal joint prosthesis and the implant comprises a first attachment for attaching the first constructive element to a first bone and a second attachment for attaching the second constructive element to a second bone, and wherein the joint is configured to retain a movable connection between the first bone and the second bone after implantation.
16. The implant of claim 1 , wherein the porous part comprises an open cell metal foam.