Post-combustion CO2 capture with heat recovery and integration
CO 2 capture processes and systems can be improved by recovering thermal energy from particular streams for reuse in the stripping stage. Thermal energy can be recovered from the overhead gas stream of a stripper operated under vacuum pressure conditions, and thermal energy can also be recovered from a flue gas. A heat transfer circuit can be implemented for recovering thermal energy by indirect heat transfer from the overhead gas stream, a flue gas stream, and/or other streams to a heat transfer fluid. The heat transfer circuit can include multiple heat recovery loops arranged in parallel and the heated fluid can be supplied through a reboiler of the stripper to heat the solution in the reboiler.
1. A CO 2 capture process for capturing CO 2 from flue gas generated by a host facility, the process comprising:
in an absorption stage, directly contacting a flue gas stream with an absorption solution comprising water, potassium carbonate, and a biocatalyst that is free in solution and represented by a carbonic anhydrase to absorb CO 2 and form a CO 2 -rich solution and a CO 2 depleted gas;
in a stripping stage, subjecting the CO 2 -rich solution to vacuum pressure conditions and temperature conditions below 100° C. to cause the release of CO 2 from the CO 2 -rich solution to form a regenerated solution and an overhead gas stream comprising CO 2 and steam;
recycling the regenerated solution back into the absorption stage as at least part of the absorption solution;
subjecting the overhead gas stream to heat recovery, comprising:
compressing the overhead gas stream or a gas stream derived therefrom to increase a temperature thereof and produce a compressed gas stream;
transferring heat from the compressed gas stream to a heat transfer fluid to form a heated fluid, the transferring comprising condensing water contained in the compressed gas stream; and
transferring heat from the heated fluid to the stripping stage,
wherein the transferring heat from the compressed gas stream to the heat transfer fluid and/or the transferring heat from the heated fluid to the stripping stage is performed by indirect heat exchange;
removing the condensed water from the compressed gas stream;
recycling the condensed water back into the regenerated solution to produce an aqueous regenerated solution;
feeding a first portion of the aqueous regenerated solution back into the absorption solution for said recycling the regenerated solution;
heating a second portion of the aqueous regenerated solution to generate a vaporized regeneration solution; and
recycling the vaporized regeneration solution into the stripping stage.
2. The CO 2 capture process of claim 1 , further comprising subjecting at least a portion of the flue gas generated by the host facility to heat recovery and transferring the recovered heat to the stripping stage.
3. The CO 2 capture process of claim 2 , wherein the portion of the flue gas is the flue gas stream supplied to the absorption stage.
4. The CO 2 capture process of claim 2 , further comprising:
providing a first portion of the heat transfer fluid for heat recovery from the overhead gas stream;
providing a second portion of the heat transfer fluid for heat recovery from the flue gas;
combining the first and second portions of the heat transfer fluid after heating to form a combined heated fluid; and
supplying the combined heated fluid to the stripping stage for transferring heat thereto.
5. The CO 2 capture process of claim 4 , further comprising:
providing a third portion of the heat transfer fluid for heat recovery from a heat source provided by the host facility;
combining the third portion of the heat transfer fluid with the first and second portions after heating to form the combined heated fluid; and
supplying the combined heated fluid to the stripping stage for transferring heat thereto.
6. The CO 2 capture process of claim 1 , wherein subjecting the overhead gas stream to heat recovery comprises:
subjecting the overhead gas stream to multiple compression stages arranged in series to produce respective compressed gas streams; and
for each of the compressed gas streams, indirectly transferring heat from the corresponding compressed gas stream to the heat transfer fluid to enable progressive heating thereof to produce the heated fluid.
7. The CO 2 capture process of claim 1 , wherein the absorption solution further comprises at least one promoter, catalyst, or biocatalyst in addition to the biocatalyst represented by carbonic anhydrase.
8. The CO 2 capture process of claim 7 , wherein the promoter, catalyst, or biocatalyst is selected from piperazine, diethanolamine (DEA), diisopropanolamine (DIPA), methylaminopropylamine (MAPA), 3-aminopropanol (AP), 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine (DMPDA), diglycolamine (DGA), 2-amino-2-methylpropanol (AMP), 1-amino-2-propanol (MIPA), 2-methyl-methanolamine (MMEA), piperidine (PE), arsenite, hypochlorite, sulphite, glycine, sarcosine, alanine N secondary butyl glycine, pipecolinic acid, and a combination thereof.
9. The CO 2 capture process of claim 1 , wherein the biocatalyst represented by carbonic anhydrase catalyzes hydration of CO 2 to form bicarbonate and hydrogen ions in the absorption stage, and optionally catalyzes dehydration of the ions to form CO 2 in the stripping stage.
10. The CO 2 capture process of claim 1 , wherein transferring heat from the heated fluid to the stripping stage comprises transferring heat to a reboiler of the stripping stage.
11. The CO 2 capture process of claim 1 , further comprising, after transferring heat from the compressed gas stream to the heat transfer fluid, subjecting the resulting gas stream to further cooling prior to subsequent compression and heat transfer.
12. The CO 2 capture process of claim 1 , wherein the overhead gas stream is subjected to compression directly after being released from the stripping stage.
13. The CO 2 capture process of claim 1 , wherein all of the overhead gas stream released from the stripping stage is subjected to the heat recovery.
14. The CO 2 capture process of claim 1 , wherein transferring heat from the heated fluid to the stripping stage comprises transferring heat from the heated fluid at a temperature lower than that of the compressed gas stream.