Granted Patent B2

US 12,445,191 · App. 19/209,465 · Granted Oct 14, 2025

Inventors: Basem Almadani (Dhahran, SA); Abdurrahman Beg (Dhahran, SA)

Assignee: KING FAHD UNIVERSITY OF PETROLEUM AND MINERALS

H04B7/18504H04L45/745

Abstract

Claims (88)

1. An aerial access network (AAN) system, comprising:

multiple control layer units, multiple forwarding layer units, and multiple access layer units, wherein the control layer units comprise airships and the forwarding layer units comprise UAVs, and the airships of the control layer units are at a higher attitude than UAVs of the forwarding layer units;

further wherein:

a first control layer unit in the multiple control layer units is configured to:

manage a subset of the multiple forwarding layer units and a subset of the multiple access layer units, and

perform first data transmissions between the managed subset of the multiple forwarding layer units and a ground base station;

a first forwarding layer unit in the managed subset of the multiple forwarding layer units is configured to:

be associated with at least one access layer unit in the managed subset of the multiple access layer units, and

perform second data transmissions between the at least one access layer unit and one of the first control layer unit or the ground base station;

a first access layer unit in the at least one access layer unit is configured to be associated with at least one user equipment (UE),

perform third data transmissions between the first forwarding layer unit and the at least one UE,

receive a data packet from the first forwarding layer unit;

determine whether a destination port of the data packet is in a flow table of the first access layer unit;

in response to a determination that the destination port of the data packet is in the flow table of the first access layer unit,

send the data packet through the destination port to one of the at least one UE; and

in response to a determination that the destination port of the data packet is not in the flow table of the first access layer unit,

send the data packet to the first forwarding layer unit.

2. The AAN system of claim 1 , wherein the first access layer unit is further configured to:

receive a connection request from one of the at least one UE; and

register the one of the at least one UE with network management applications.

3. The AAN system of claim 1 , wherein the first forwarding layer unit is further configured to:

receive a flow rule from the first control layer unit; and

update a flow table of the first forwarding layer unit based on the received flow rule.

4. The AAN system of claim 1 , wherein the first forwarding layer unit is further configured to:

receive a data packet from one of the first access layer unit, a second forwarding layer unit in the multiple forwarding layer units, or the first control layer unit;

determine whether a destination port of the data packet is in a flow table of the first forwarding layer unit;

in response to a determination that the destination port of the data packet is in the flow table of the first forwarding layer unit,

send the data packet through the destination port to one of the first access layer unit or another forwarding layer unit in the multiple forwarding layer units; and

in response to a determination that the destination port of the data packet is not in the flow table of the first forwarding layer unit,

send a request for a flow rule of the data packet to the first control layer unit.

5. The AAN system of claim 1 , wherein the first control layer unit is further configured to:

receive a request for a flow rule of a data packet from the first forwarding layer unit;

generate the flow rule of the data packet based on an optimal network route of the data packet; and

send the flow rule to the first forwarding layer unit.

6. The AAN system of claim 1 , wherein the first control layer unit is further configured to:

determine whether a received data packet is sent from a core network;

in response to a determination that the received data packet is sent from the core network,

determine whether to send the received data to the first forwarding layer unit based on whether a destination of the received data packet being in a network topology of the first control layer unit; and

in response to a determination that the received data packet is not sent from the core network,

send the received data packet to the core network.

7. The AAN system of claim 6 , wherein the first control layer unit is further configured to:

send the received data packet to the first forwarding layer unit based on the destination of the received data packet being in the network topology of the first control layer unit; and

discard the received data packet based on the destination of the received data packet not being in the network topology of the first control layer unit.

8. The AAN system of claim 1 , wherein the first control layer unit is further configured to:

monitor local link changes of the managed subset of the multiple forwarding layer units and the managed subset of the multiple access layer units; and

update a route for transmitting and receiving a data packet within a local domain of the first control layer unit.

9. The AAN system of claim 1 , wherein a data transmission between the first access layer unit and a second access layer unit in the multiple access layer units is performed without accessing the ground base station, the second access layer unit being managed by a second control layer unit in the multiple control layer units.

10. A method of providing a network service using an aerial access network (AAN) system that includes multiple control layer units, multiple forwarding layer units, and multiple access layer units, wherein the control layer units comprise airships and the forwarding layer units comprise UAVs, and the airships of the control layer units are at a higher attitude than UAVs of the forwarding layer units; the method comprising:

performing, by a first control layer unit in the multiple control layer units, first data transmissions between a ground base station and a subset of the multiple forwarding layer units that is managed by the first control layer unit;

performing, by a first forwarding layer unit in the managed subset of the multiple forwarding layer units, second data transmissions between at least one access layer unit in the multiple layer units that is associated with the first forwarding layer unit and one of the first control layer unit or the ground base station;

performing, by a first access layer unit in the at least one access layer unit, third data transmissions between the first forwarding layer unit and at least one user equipment (UE) associated with the first access layer unit;

receiving, by the first access layer unit, a data packet from the first forwarding layer unit;

determining, by the first access layer unit, whether a destination port of the data packet is in a flow table of the first access layer unit;

in response to a determination that the destination port of the data packet is in the flow table of the first access layer unit,

sending, by the first access layer unit, the data packet through the destination port to one of the at least one UE; and

in response to a determination that the destination port of the data packet is not in the flow table of the first access layer unit,

sending, by the first access layer unit, the data packet to the first forwarding layer unit.

11. The method of claim 10 , further comprising:

receiving, by the first access layer unit, a connection request from one of the at least one UE; and

registering, by the first access layer unit, the one of the at least one UE with network management applications.

12. The method of claim 10 , further comprising:

receiving, by the first forwarding layer unit, a flow rule from the first control layer unit; and

updating, by the first forwarding layer unit, a flow table of the first forwarding layer unit based on the received flow rule.

13. The method of claim 10 , further comprising:

receiving, by the first forwarding layer unit, a data packet from one of the first access layer unit, a second forwarding layer unit in the multiple forwarding layer units, or the first control layer unit;

determining, by the first forwarding layer unit, whether a destination port of the data packet is in a flow table of the first forwarding layer unit;

in response to a determination that the destination port of the data packet is in the flow table of the first forwarding layer unit,

sending, by the first forwarding layer unit, the data packet through the destination port to one of the first access layer unit or another forwarding layer unit in the multiple forwarding layer units; and

in response to a determination that the destination port of the data packet is not in the flow table of the first forwarding layer unit,

sending, by the first forwarding layer unit, a request for a flow rule of the data packet to the first control layer unit.

14. The method of claim 10 , further comprising:

receiving, by the first control layer unit, a request for a flow rule of a data packet from the first forwarding layer unit;

generating, by the first control layer unit, the flow rule of the data packet based on an optimal network route of the data packet; and

sending, by the first control layer unit, the flow rule to the first forwarding layer unit.

15. The method of claim 10 , further comprising:

determining, by the first control layer unit, whether a received data packet is sent from a core network;

in response to a determination that the received data packet is sent from the core network,

determining, by the first control layer unit, whether to send the received data to the first forwarding layer unit based on whether a destination of the received data packet being in a network topology of the first control layer unit; and

in response to a determination that the received data packet is not sent from the core network,

sending, by the first control layer unit, the received data packet to the core network.

16. The method of claim 15 , further comprising:

sending, by the first control layer unit, the received data packet to the first forwarding layer unit based on the destination of the received data packet being in the network topology of the first control layer unit; and

discarding, by the first control layer unit, the received data packet based on the destination of the received data packet not being in the network topology of the first control layer unit.

17. The method of claim 10 , further comprising:

monitoring, by the first control layer unit, local link changes of the managed subset of the multiple forwarding layer units and the managed subset of the multiple access layer units; and

updating, by the first control layer unit, a route for transmitting and receiving a data packet within a local domain of the first control layer unit.

18. The method of claim 10 , wherein:

a data transmission between the first access layer unit and a second access layer unit in the multiple access layer units is performed without accessing the ground base station; and the second access layer unit is managed by a second control layer unit in the multiple control layer units.

Continuity (2)

References Cited (12)