Dry sorbent injection with recirculation
Described herein is a dry sorbent injection system and process for removing sulfur oxides from a flue gas. The process generally comprises treating the flue gas with a dry sorbent material to convert the sulfur oxides to sodium sulfate particulates. The sodium sulfate particulates may then be introduced into a mix tank with water to form sodium sulfate solution. The sodium sulfate solution may then be reacted with a calcium hydroxide slurry to produce a reaction mixture comprising calcium sulfate precipitate and a sodium hydroxide solution. The calcium sulfate (gypsum) may be recovered, and the sodium hydroxide solution may be recirculated to pre-treat the flue gas by removing at least a portion of the sulfur dioxide and/or cooling the flue gas stream.
1. A process for removing sulfur oxides from a flue gas, the process comprising:
treating the flue gas with a dry sorbent material that reacts with at least a portion of the sulfur oxides to produce sodium sulfate particulates;
introducing the sodium sulfate particulates and water into a mix tank, and dissolving the sodium sulfate particulates in the water to form a sodium sulfate solution;
introducing the sodium sulfate solution and a calcium hydroxide slurry into a reaction tank, and reacting at least a portion of the sodium sulfate solution with at least a portion of the calcium hydroxide slurry to produce a reaction mixture comprising a calcium sulfate precipitate and a sodium hydroxide solution; and
pre-treating at least a portion of the flue gas with at least a portion of the sodium hydroxide solution to remove at least a portion of the sulfur dioxide from the flue gas before treating the flue gas with the dry sorbent material.
2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the flue gas is substantially free of fly ash.
3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the calcium hydroxide slurry is formed by introducing calcium hydroxide particulates and a second source of water into a second mix tank.
4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the calcium hydroxide slurry in the second mix tank has a total solids concentration of about 20% by weight or less.
5. The process of claim 1 , wherein:
(i) the sodium sulfate solution in the mix tank has a total dissolved solids concentration of about 20% by weight or less; and/or
(ii) the reaction mixture has a total solids concentration of about 15% by weight or less.
6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the flue gas has a temperature of about 100° C. to about 300° C. before treating with the dry sorbent material.
7. The process of claim 1 , further comprising recovering at least a portion of the calcium sulfate precipitate to produce a gypsum product having a calcium sulfate concentration of at least 99% by weight.
8. A process for removing sulfur dioxide from a thermal oxidizer flue gas, the process comprising:
treating the flue gas with a dry sorbent material to recover sodium sulfate;
reacting at least a portion of the sodium sulfate and a calcium hydroxide slurry to produce a reaction mixture comprising a solids portion comprising precipitated calcium sulfate and a liquids portion comprising sodium hydroxide solution;
recovering the solids portion as a gypsum product, wherein the gypsum product comprises at least 99% by weight calcium sulfate; and
pre-treating at least a portion of the flue gas with at least a portion of the sodium hydroxide solution to remove at least a portion of the sulfur dioxide from the flue gas before treating the flue gas with the dry sorbent material.
9. The process of claim 8 , wherein the flue gas is substantially free of fly ash.
10. The process of claim 8 , wherein the calcium hydroxide slurry is formed by introducing calcium hydroxide particulates and a source of water into a mix tank.
11. The process of claim 8 , wherein the flue gas has a temperature of about 100° C. to about 300° C. before treating with the dry sorbent material.
12. The process of claim 8 , wherein recovering the solids portion comprises removing liquid from the solids portion such that the gypsum product has a liquids content of less than about 5% by weight.
13. A process for removing sulfur dioxide from a flue gas, the process comprising:
treating the flue gas with a dry sorbent material to recover sodium sulfate;
reacting at least a portion of the sodium sulfate and a calcium hydroxide slurry to produce a reaction mixture comprising calcium sulfate precipitate and a sodium hydroxide solution; and
pre-treating the flue gas with at least a portion of the sodium hydroxide solution to remove at least a portion of the sulfur dioxide from the flue gas before treating the flue gas with the dry sorbent material.
14. The process of claim 13 , wherein the flue gas is substantially free of fly ash.
15. The process of claim 13 , wherein the calcium hydroxide slurry is formed by introducing calcium hydroxide particulates and a source of water into a mix tank.
16. The process of claim 13 , wherein the flue gas has a temperature of about 100° C. to about 300° C. before treating with the dry sorbent material.
17. The process of claim 13 , further comprising recovering at least a portion of the calcium sulfate precipitate to produce a gypsum product having a calcium sulfate concentration of at least 99% by weight.
18. The process of claim 13 , further comprising diluting the sodium hydroxide solution with water to provide a diluted stream comprising about 20% by weight or less of sodium hydroxide before pre-treating the flue gas stream.