Antenna array structure including stacked and interleaved antenna elements and method of arranging the same
Provided is an antenna array structure including a plurality of first antenna elements for transmitting and receiving a signal at a first frequency and a plurality of second antenna elements for transmitting and receiving a signal at a second frequency, wherein the plurality of first antenna elements are disposed in a first layer and aligned to a line extending in a first direction and the plurality of second antenna elements are disposed in a second layer and aligned to the line.
1. An antenna array structure comprising:
a plurality of first antenna elements for transmitting and/or receiving a signal at a first frequency and a plurality of second antenna elements for transmitting and/or receiving a signal at a second frequency different from the first frequency,
wherein the plurality of first antenna elements are disposed in a first layer, and aligned, as viewed from a point above the antenna array structure, to a line extending in a first direction and the plurality of second antenna elements are disposed in a second layer and aligned, as viewed from the point above the antenna array structure, to the line,
wherein a first distance between two adjacent first antenna elements is different from a second distance between two adjacent second antenna elements,
wherein in a direction orthogonal to a major surface of a said first antenna element, a centrally located one of the first antenna elements overlaps a centrally located one of the second antenna elements, and
wherein a number of the plurality of first antenna elements equals a number of the plurality of second antenna elements.
2. The antenna array structure of claim 1 , wherein the first distance is determined based on a product of a wavelength at the first frequency and a weight.
3. The antenna array structure of claim 2 , wherein the second distance is determined based on a product of a wavelength at the second frequency and the weight.
4. The antenna array structure of claim 1 , wherein the first distance and the second distance are determined based on a ratio of a reciprocal number of the first frequency to a reciprocal number of the second frequency.
5. The antenna array structure of claim 1 , wherein the first frequency is less than the second frequency,
wherein one first antenna element is disposed between two adjacent second antenna elements.
6. The antenna array structure of claim 5 , wherein two other first antenna elements adjacent to the one first antenna element overlap two respective second antenna elements in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction.
7. The antenna array structure of claim 1 , wherein the first frequency is less than the second frequency,
wherein one first antenna element overlaps one second antenna element in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction,
wherein two other first antenna elements adjacent to the one first antenna element do not overlap any of the plurality of second antenna elements.
8. An antenna module comprising:
an antenna array structure including a plurality of antenna elements, the plurality of antenna elements including a plurality of first antenna elements for transmitting and receiving signals within a first frequency band and a plurality of second antenna elements for transmitting and receiving signals within a second frequency band higher than the first frequency band; and
a transceiver configured to provide and receive the signals to and from the plurality of antenna elements,
wherein the antenna array structure comprises:
at least one stacked antenna group each including one first antenna element overlapping one second antenna element in a first direction orthogonal to a major surface of the second antenna element; and
an interleaved antenna group including at least one first antenna element adjacent to the one first antenna element in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction and at least one second antenna element adjacent to the one second antenna element in the second direction, wherein the at least one first antenna element does not overlap the at least one second antenna element in the first direction,
wherein the interleaved antenna group is centrally located between a first end of the antenna module and a second end of the antenna module in the second direction, and a number of the plurality of first antenna elements is one less than a number of the plurality of second antenna elements.
9. The antenna module of claim 8 , wherein the transceiver comprises:
a transmission and reception circuit configured to generate a transmission signal in response to a request from a communication device, provide the generated transmission signal to the antenna array structure, and receive a reception signal from the antenna array structure; and
a Power Management Integrated Circuit (PMIC) configured to supply power to elements included in the antenna module.
10. The antenna module of claim 8 , wherein a first distance between two adjacent first antenna elements is determined based on a product of a wavelength at a frequency within the first frequency band and a weight.
11. The antenna module of claim 10 , wherein a second distance between two adjacent second antenna elements is determined based on a product of a wavelength at a frequency within the second frequency band and the weight.
12. The antenna module of claim 8 , wherein a first distance between two adjacent first antenna elements and a second distance between two adjacent second antenna elements are determined based on a ratio of a reciprocal number of a frequency within the first frequency band to a reciprocal number of a frequency within the second frequency band.
13. The antenna module of claim 8 ,
wherein the interleaved antenna group comprises a first antenna element and at least two second antenna elements which do not overlap each other.
14. The antenna module of claim 8 ,
wherein two stacked antenna groups are disposed on opposite sides of the interleaved antenna group.
15. A method of arranging an antenna array structure including a plurality of first antenna elements and a plurality of second antenna elements, the method comprising:
arranging one of the first antenna elements for transmitting and/or receiving a signal at a first frequency at a reference point as a reference antenna element;
arranging a further one of the first antenna elements apart from the reference antenna element by a first distance proportional to a first wavelength at the first frequency; and
arranging the plurality of second antenna elements for transmitting and/or receiving a signal at a second frequency different from the first frequency by separating the plurality of second antenna elements from each other by a second distance proportional to a second wavelength at the second frequency and equal to the first distance,
wherein the first antenna elements and the second antenna elements are arranged alternatingly along a common line.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the arranging the further first antenna element comprises arranging the further first antenna element to be spaced apart by a distance obtained by multiplying the first wavelength by a weight,
wherein the arranging the plurality of second antenna elements comprises arranging the plurality of second antenna elements to be spaced apart from each other by a distance obtained by multiplying the second wavelength by the weight.
17. The method of claim 15 , wherein the arranging of the plurality of second antenna elements comprises:
arranging one of the second antenna elements at the reference point to overlap the reference antenna element; and
arranging another of the second antenna elements spaced apart based on the reference antenna element.
18. The method of claim 15 , wherein the arranging of the plurality of second antenna elements comprises:
arranging one of the second antenna elements at an end point of the antenna array structure on which the first antenna element is arranged; and
arranging a further one of the second antenna elements to be spaced apart from the end point.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the arranging of the further second antenna element comprises arranging at least two second antenna elements around the reference antenna element.