Clutch assembly and related systems and methods
Clutch assemblies and related systems are provided. In some embodiments, the system comprises the clutch assembly, a circulation assembly, and an actuation mechanism operatively connected to the clutch assembly and the circulation assembly. In some embodiments, the clutch assembly allows for selective rotation of a bottom hole assembly of a drill string and the circulation assembly allows for selective exhausting of drilling fluid from the drill string. Related drill strings and methods for drilling a borehole are also provided.
1 . A system for a drill string, comprising:
a clutch assembly comprising a driveshaft and a shuttle, wherein the driveshaft comprises a first coupling element, the shuttle comprises a second coupling element and is axially movable between an engaged position in which the first coupling element engages the second coupling element, and a disengaged position in which the first coupling element is disengaged from the second coupling element;
a circulation assembly comprising a tubular housing having at least one first aperture extending radially therethrough and a circulation piston received within the housing, the circulation piston having at least one second aperture extending radially therethrough, wherein the circulation piston is axially movable within the housing between a closed position in which the at least one first and second apertures are axially offset and an open position in which the at least one first and second apertures are axially aligned; and
an actuation mechanism operatively connected to the clutch assembly and the circulation assembly, the actuation mechanism selectively actuatable to move the shuttle between the engaged position and the disengaged position and the circulation piston between the closed position and the open position, wherein the actuation mechanism comprises:
a mandrel coupled between the shuttle and the circulation piston and axially movable therewith;
a biasing device that exerts a biasing force on the mandrel to maintain the shuttle in the engaged position and the circulation piston in the closed position;
a valve seat to receive a ball thereon; and
wherein, when the ball is seated on the valve seat, the mandrel overcomes the biasing force to axially move the shuttle to the disengaged position and the circulation piston to the open position.
2 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the shuttle is in the engaged position when the circulation piston is in the closed position and the shuttle is in the disengaged position when the circulation piston is in the open position.
3 . The system of claim 1 , wherein:
the driveshaft comprises an axial bore extending therethrough and an external surface;
the shuttle has an uphole end, a downhole end, and comprises an internal surface defining a channel extending through the shuttle from the uphole end to the downhole end, the channel partially receiving the driveshaft therein;
wherein the shuttle is axially movable between the engaged position and the disengaged position.
4 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the first coupling element comprises a male spline with a plurality of outer teeth and the second coupling element comprises a female spline with a plurality of inner teeth, the outer teeth interlocking with the inner teeth when the shuttle engages the driveshaft.
5 . The system of claim 1 , wherein valve seat is positioned downhole of the biasing device.
6 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the biasing device comprises a spring.
7 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the actuation mechanism further comprises an indexing mechanism to maintain the clutch and circulation assemblies in a selected position.
8 . The system of claim 7 , wherein the indexing mechanism comprises a barrel cam assembly.
9 . A drill string comprising:
an uphole portion rotatable from surface and a downhole portion comprising a rotary steerable system and a drill bit;
a mud motor operable to drive rotation of the drill bit; and
a clutch and circulation system, the system comprising:
a clutch assembly comprising: a driveshaft coupled to one of the uphole portion or the downhole portion of the drill string, and a shuttle coupled to the other of the uphole portion or the downhole portion of the drill string, wherein the driveshaft comprises a first coupling element, the shuttle comprises a second coupling element and is axially movable between an engaged position in which the first coupling element engages the second coupling element such that the downhole portion rotates with the uphole portion, and a disengaged position in which the first coupling element is disengaged from the second coupling element such that the uphole portion rotates independently of the downhole portion;
a circulation assembly comprising a tubular housing having at least one first aperture extending radially therethrough and a circulation piston received within the housing, the circulation piston having at least one second aperture extending radially therethrough, wherein the circulation piston is axially movable within the housing between a closed position in which the at least one first and second apertures are axially offset and an open position in which the at least one first and second apertures are axially aligned; and
an actuation mechanism operatively connected to the clutch assembly and the circulation assembly, the actuating mechanism selectively actuatable to move the shuttle between the engaged position and the disengaged position and the circulation piston between the closed position and the open position, wherein the actuation mechanism comprises:
a mandrel coupled between the shuttle and the circulation piston and axially movable therewith;
a biasing device that exerts a biasing force on the mandrel to maintain the shuttle in the engaged position and the circulation piston in the closed position;
a valve seat to receive a ball thereon; and
wherein, when the ball is seated on the valve seat, the mandrel overcomes the biasing force to axially move the shuttle to the disengaged position and the circulation piston to the open position.
10 . The drill string of claim 9 , wherein the system is positioned uphole of the mud motor such that the mud motor is in the downhole portion of the drill string.
11 . The drill string of claim 9 , wherein the driveshaft is coupled to the uphole portion of the drill string, and the shuttle is coupled to the downhole portion of the drill string.
12 . A method for drilling a borehole comprising:
providing a drill string comprising a clutch and circulation system, the system comprising:
a clutch assembly coupling an uphole portion of the drill string to a downhole portion, the clutch assembly having an engaged position in which rotation of the uphole portion rotates the downhole portion, and a disengaged position in which the uphole portion rotates independently of the downhole portion;
a circulation assembly having an exhaust port, the circulation assembly having an open position in which the exhaust port is open and a closed position in which the exhaust port is closed; and
an actuation mechanism operatively connected to the clutch assembly and the circulation assembly, the actuation mechanism selectively actuatable to move the clutch assembly between the engaged position and the disengaged position and the circulation assembly between the open position and the closed position;
drilling the borehole with the clutch assembly in the engaged position and the circulation assembly in the closed position; and
at least one of back reaming through the borehole and tripping out the drill string, with the clutch assembly in the disengaged position and the circulation assembly in the open position.
13 . The method of claim 12 , further comprising actuating the clutch assembly to the disengaged position and the circulation assembly to the open position.
14 . A system for a drill string, comprising:
a clutch assembly comprising a driveshaft and a shuttle, wherein the driveshaft comprises a first coupling element, the shuttle comprises a second coupling element and is axially movable between an engaged position in which the first coupling element engages the second coupling element, and a disengaged position in which the first coupling element is disengaged from the second coupling element;
a circulation assembly comprising a tubular housing having at least one first aperture extending radially therethrough and a circulation piston received within the housing, the circulation piston having at least one second aperture extending radially therethrough, wherein the circulation piston is axially movable within the housing between a closed position in which the at least one first and second apertures are axially offset and an open position in which the at least one first and second apertures are axially aligned; and
a pressure-actuated actuation mechanism operatively connected to the clutch assembly and the circulation assembly, the actuation mechanism selectively actuatable to move the shuttle between the engaged position and the disengaged position and the circulation piston between the closed position and the open position, wherein the pressure-actuated actuation mechanism comprises:
a mandrel operatively connected between the shuttle and the circulation piston and operable to axially move the shuttle and the circulation piston;
a biasing device that exerts a biasing force on the mandrel to maintain the shuttle in the engaged position and the circulation piston in the closed position;
a pressure differential mechanism operable by fluid flow through the device to generate a pressure differential within a system downhole of the biasing device, the pressure differential generating a pressure differential force on the mandrel opposite to the biasing force; and
wherein, when the pressure differential force overcomes the biasing force, the pressure differential force axially moves the shuttle to the disengaged position and the circulation piston to the open position.
15 . The system of claim 14 , wherein the pressure differential mechanism comprises a flow restrictor.
16 . The system of claim 14 , wherein:
the driveshaft comprises an axial bore extending therethrough and an external surface;
the shuttle has an uphole end, a downhole end, and comprises an internal surface defining a channel extending through the shuttle from the uphole end to the downhole end, and a second coupling element, the channel partially receiving the driveshaft therein;
wherein the shuttle is axially movable between the engaged position and the disengaged position.
17 . The system of claim 14 , wherein the biasing device comprises a spring.
18 . The system of claim 14 , wherein the actuation mechanism further comprises an indexing mechanism to maintain the clutch and circulation assemblies in a selected position.
19 . The system of claim 18 , wherein the indexing mechanism comprises a barrel cam assembly.