Article and method of making the same
An article comprises a substrate having a first portion comprising at least one of a metal or a ceramic metal oxide. A composite foam is bonded to the metal or ceramic metal oxide. The composite foam comprises: at least one polymer preparable by ring-opening metathesis polymerization; at least one catalyst for the ring-opening metathesis polymerization; at least one difunctional coupling agent represented by Z—X—Z. Each Z independently represents a group that is chemically reactive with at least one of the chemically bound surface hydroxyl groups thereby forming at least one covalent bond. Each X independently represents a divalent organic linking group having a number average molecular weight of 500 to 10000 grams per mole; and at least one of hollow glass microspheres or expanded polymeric microspheres. A method of making the article is also disclosed.
1 . An article comprising
a first substrate having a first portion comprising a first metal or ceramic metal oxide comprising surface hydroxyl groups; and
a composite foam bonded to the at least one of the first metal, the composite foam comprising:
at least one polymer preparable by ring-opening metathesis polymerization of at least one cyclic olefin;
at least one catalyst for the ring-opening metathesis polymerization;
at least one difunctional coupling agent represented by
Z—X—Z
wherein each Z independently represents a group that is chemically reactive with the surface hydroxyl groups thereby forming at least one covalent bond, and
wherein X independently represents a divalent organic linking group have a number average molecular weight of 500 to 10000 grams per mole; and
at least one of hollow glass microspheres or expanded polymeric microspheres.
2 . The article of claim 1 , wherein each X independently represents a divalent organic linking group have a number average molecular weight of 600 to 6000 grams per mole.
3 . The article of claim 1 , wherein the at least one polymer preparable by ring-opening metathesis polymerization of at least one cyclic olefin comprising at least one of dicyclopentadiene, norbornene, ethylidenenorbornene, cyclopentene, cyclooctene, tricyclopentadiene, tetracyclopentadiene, norbornadiene, 7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene, tetracyclo[6.2.13.6.0]dodeca-4,9-diene, hexylnorbornylene, cyclopentadiene, alkyl norbornene, or an oligomer thereof.
4 . The article of claim 1 , wherein the at least one catalyst for the ring-opening metathesis polymerization comprises at least one of a ruthenium, tungsten, osmium, or molybdenum ring-opening metathesis polymerization catalyst.
5 . The article of claim 1 , wherein each Z is —N═C═O.
6 . The article of claim 1 , wherein the at least one difunctional coupling agent comprises an isocyanate-terminated polyurethane prepolymer of 4,4′-diphenylmethane and a polyalkylene glycol.
7 . The article of claim 1 , wherein the at least one difunctional coupling agent comprises a diphenylmethane diisocyanate-terminated polyether prepolymer based on polytetramethylene ether glycol.
8 . The article of any of claim 1 , wherein each X independently comprises a polyoxyalkylene segment.
9 . The article of claim 1 , wherein each X independently comprises at least one of a polyethylene oxide segment, a polypropylene oxide segment, or a polybutylene oxide segment.
10 . The article of claim 1 , wherein each X independently comprises a polybutadiene segment.
11 . The article of claim 1 , wherein Z is —SiR6aL2(3-a), wherein L2 represents a hydrolyzable group, wherein R6 represents an alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and wherein a is 0, 1, or 2.
12 . The article of claim 1 , wherein the composite foam comprises the hollow glass microspheres.
13 . The article of claim 1 , wherein the composite foam comprises the expanded polymeric microspheres.
14 . The article of claim 1 , wherein the composite foam has a dielectric constant of less than or equal to 2.5 and a tan delta of less than 0.02.
15 . The article of claim 1 , wherein the first portion comprises at least one of copper, silver, or aluminum.
16 . The article of claim 1 , wherein the first portion comprises the first ceramic metal oxide.
17 . The article of claim 1 , further comprising a second substrate having a second portion comprising at least one of a second metal or a second ceramic metal oxide, wherein the composite foam is further in contact with the second portion.
18 . The article of claim 17 , wherein the second portion comprises the second metal.
19 . The article of claim 1 , wherein the article comprises an electronic device.
20 . The article of claim 1 wherein the first portion comprises copper or aluminum.