Quantum control development and implementation interface
This disclosure relates to quantum computing systems including a quantum processor that implements one or more operations on multiple qubits and a distributed data processing system programmed to perform calculations to determine control sequences that, when applied to the quantum processor, reduces decoherence, decoherence-induced errors, and control-imperfection-induced errors on the one or more operations on the multiple qubits. A user interface device remote from the distributed data processing system receives from a user of the quantum processor characteristics of the quantum processor including operational constraints and/or desired performance, and sends the characteristics to the data processing system to cause the data processing system to perform the calculations to determine the control sequence based on the characteristics.
1 . A quantum computing system comprising:
quantum processor that implements one or more operations on multiple qubits having qubit states, the quantum processor comprising embedded code configured to perform the following steps when executed: connect to a distributed data processing system and determine a first set of control parameters based on measurements in relation to the multiple qubits, control data stored with the embedded code, and calculations performed by the embedded code;
the distributed data processing system programmed to perform calculations based on user input to determine a second set of control parameters, the distributed data processing system being further programmed to determine, based on the first set of control parameters and the second set of control parameters, a control sequence that, when applied to the quantum processor in the form of an electromagnetic field to directly control the qubit states, reduces decoherence, decoherence-induced errors, and control-imperfection-induced errors on the one or more operations on the multiple qubits, wherein the calculations are based on noise characteristics of the quantum processor to determine a noise-suppressing control sequence; and
a user interface device remote from the distributed data processing system to receive from a user of the quantum processor characteristics of the quantum processor including operational constraints and/or desired performance, and to send the characteristics to the distributed data processing system to cause the distributed data processing system to perform the calculations to determine the noise-suppressing control sequence based on the characteristics, wherein the code embedded into the quantum processor is further configured to perform the following steps when executed:
repeat the steps of determining the first set of control parameters and connecting to the distributed data processing system based on a schedule;
repeatedly store the first set of control parameters and the second set of control parameters on a look-up table according to the schedule; and
apply the noise-suppressing control sequence to the multiple qubits by reading the first set of control parameters and the second set of control parameters from the look-up table between scheduled updating of the first set of parameters and the second set of parameters.
2 . The system of claim 1 , further comprising embedded code within the quantum processor that autonomously optimizes the quantum processor in communication with the distributed data processing system.
3 . A method for controlling a quantum processor that implements one or more operations on multiple qubits having qubit states, the method comprising:
generating a user interface to receive from a user of the quantum processor user input in relation to characteristics of the quantum processor;
receiving the user input on a distributed data processing system;
connecting to code embedded in the quantum processor to determine a first set of control parameters based on measurements in relation to the multiple qubits, control data stored with the embedded code, and calculations performed by the embedded code;
performing calculations on the distributed data processing system based on the user input to determine a second set of control parameters; and
determining on the distributed data processing system, based on the first set of control parameters and the second set of control parameters, a control sequence that, when applied to the quantum processor in the form of an electromagnetic field to directly control the qubit states, reduces decoherence and decoherence-induced errors on the one or more operations on the multiple qubits, wherein the calculations are based on noise characteristics of the quantum processor to determine a noise-suppressing control sequence, wherein the method further comprises:
repeating the steps of determining the first set of control parameters and connecting to the distributed data processing system based on a schedule;
repeatedly storing the first set of control parameters and the second set of control parameters on a look-up table according to the schedule; and
applying the noise-suppressing control sequence to the multiple qubits by reading the first set of control parameters and the second set of control parameters from the look-up table between scheduled updating of the first set of parameters and the second set of parameters.
4 . The method of claim 3 , wherein the calculations comprise:
deriving a Fourier domain filter function for the one or more operations on the multiple qubits based on the characteristics of the quantum processor, the Fourier domain filter function being indicative of effects of noise on the one or more operations on the multiple qubits, and
optimizing, based on the Fourier domain filter function, the control sequence.
5 . The method of claim 3 , wherein the user input comprises a request for determining the noise characteristics of the quantum processor and the method comprises performing calculations on the distributed data processing system based on the user input to determine a control sequence that, when applied to the quantum processor, allows a measurement of the noise characteristics of the quantum processor.
6 . The method of claim 5 , wherein the noise characteristics of the quantum processor comprise distortions.
7 . The method of claim 3 , wherein the method further comprises performing a measurement of the noise characteristics of the quantum processor by calculating a frequency domain filter function on the distributed data processing system for the determined control sequence and applying the filter function to direct measurements from the quantum processor.
8 . The method of claim 3 , wherein the user input comprises an indication of one or more control waveforms created by the user through the user interface.
9 . The method of claim 3 , wherein the user input comprises an indication of one or more protocols or waveforms or both from a pre-computed library selected by the user through the user interface.
10 . The method of claim 3 , wherein the control sequence is an open-loop control sequence.
11 . The method of claim 3 , wherein the calculations are to analyse control waveforms to determine an error budget of the multiple qubits and display the error budget on the user interface.
12 . The method of claim 3 , wherein the noise characteristics are based on one or more of:
a predefined clock noise;
a predefined ambient dephasing;
a predefined amplitude noise;
a predefined noise in all Cartesian coordinates (x, y, z);
a noise spectrum suitably defined and determined by user measurements; and
a noise spectrum determined from the user input.
13 . The method of claim 3 , wherein the calculations are based on multiple measurements from the quantum computing hardware platform over time to iteratively and autonomously optimize the control sequence.
14 . The method of claim 3 , wherein the calculations comprise determining a first control sequence to characterize noise of the multiple qubits in the quantum processor and determining a second control sequence based on the determined noise.
15 . The method of claim 3 , further comprising:
receiving on the distributed data processing system, current measurements from the quantum processor;
adjusting the control sequence based on the current measurements; and
sending the adjusted control sequence to the quantum processor.
16 . The method of claim 3 , wherein the calculations comprise determining an error budget for a particular control operation on the multiple qubits based on input, selected, or measured noise, and adjusting the control sequence to minimize an error of the one or more operations on the multiple qubits.
17 . The method of claim 3 , further comprising generating on the user interface a visualization of the characteristics or the determined control sequence or both.
18 . The method of claim 3 , wherein the calculations comprise determining a predicted estimation of an evolution of the multiple qubits based on measurements of the multiple qubits and adjusting the control sequence based on the predicted estimation.
19 . The method of claim 3 , wherein the control sequence causes the multiple qubits to adopt adjusted system dynamics that are different from native system dynamics of the quantum processor to thereby expand the computational capabilities of the system.
20 . A method for controlling a quantum computing processor that implements one or more operations on multiple qubits having qubit states, the method comprising:
executing code embedded into the quantum processor to:
receive measurements in relation to the multiple qubits;
determine a first set of control parameters based on:
the measurements,
control data stored with the embedded code, and
calculations performed by the embedded code;
connect the embedded code to a distributed data processing system to cause the distributed data processing system to determine a second set of control parameters based on calculations performed by the distributed data processing system and based on noise characteristics of the quantum processor to allow determination of a noise-suppressing control sequence; and
determine based on the first set of parameters and the second set of parameters the noise-suppressing control sequence that, when applied to the quantum processor in the form of an electromagnetic field to directly control the qubit states, reduces decoherence and decoherence-induced errors on the one or more operations on the multiple qubits, wherein the method further comprises executing code embedded into the quantum processor to:
repeat the steps of determining the first set of control parameters and connecting to the distributed data processing system based on a schedule;
repeatedly store the first set of control parameters and the second set of control parameters on a look-up table according to the schedule; and
apply the noise-suppressing control sequence to the multiple qubits by reading the first set of control parameters and the second set of control parameters from the look-up table between scheduled updating of the first set of parameters and the second set of parameters.
21 . A quantum processor comprising:
multiple qubits having respective qubit state vectors configured to implement one or more operations on the multiple qubits;
code embedded into the quantum processor to perform the following steps when executed:
receive measurements in relation to the multiple qubits;
determine a first set of control parameters based on:
the measurements,
control data stored with the embedded code, and
calculations performed by the embedded code;
connect the embedded code to a distributed data processing system to cause the distributed data processing system to determine a second set of control parameters based on calculations performed by the distributed data processing system and based on noise characteristics of the quantum processor to allow determination of a noise-suppressing control sequence; and
determine based on the first set of parameters and the second set of parameters the noise-suppressing control sequence; and
a controlled source to apply the noise-suppressing control sequence to the quantum processor in the form of an electromagnetic field to directly control the qubit state vectors to reduce decoherence and decoherence-induced errors on the one or more operations on the multiple qubits, wherein the code embedded into the quantum processor is further configured to perform the following steps when executed:
repeat the steps of determining the first set of control parameters and connecting to the distributed data processing system based on a schedule;
repeatedly store the first set of control parameters and the second set of control parameters on a look-up table according to the schedule; and
apply the noise-suppressing control sequence to the multiple qubits by reading the first set of control parameters and the second set of control parameters from the look-up table between scheduled updating of the first set of parameters and the second set of parameters.