Pressure pulse diagnostics of an OLTC
The disclosure relates to a method for monitoring a vacuum on-load tap changer including determining a total main vacuum interrupter opening time as a time elapsed between a first point in time and a second point in time, a total resistor vacuum interrupter opening time as a time elapsed between the third point in time and the fourth point in time, a circulating current time as a time elapsed between the second point in time and the third point in time, and/or a switch time as the sum of the total main vacuum interrupter opening time, the total resistor vacuum interrupter opening time and the circulating current time.
1 . A method, for monitoring a vacuum on-load tap changer, wherein the tap changer comprises:
a housing filled with insulating fluid,
a diverter switch arranged inside of the housing and comprising at least one movable contact and at least two vacuum interrupters comprising at least a first main vacuum interrupter and at least a first resistor vacuum interrupter for interrupting a current through the at least one movable contact,
at least one pressure sensor which measures pressure in the housing and transmits an output signal to a processing unit,
wherein the method comprises:
continuously measuring the pressure in the housing with the pressure sensor and transmitting the output signal of the sensor to the processing unit for detecting opening and closing of the at least two vacuum interrupters, wherein the pressure increases when a respective one of the at least two vacuum interrupters is opened and drops when the respective one closes,
processing the output signal of the sensor with the processing unit to detect at least a first pressure increase associated with an opening of the at least first main vacuum interrupter, a subsequent first pressure decrease associated with a closing of the at least first main vacuum interrupter, and to detect at least a second pressure increase associated with an opening of the at least first resistor vacuum interrupter, and a subsequent second pressure decrease associated with a closing of the at least first resistor vacuum interrupter,
determining at least a first point in time associated with the opening of the at least first main vacuum interrupter, a subsequent second point in time associated with a closing of the at least first main vacuum interrupter, a third point in time associated with the opening of the at least first resistor vacuum interrupter, and a subsequent fourth point in time associated with a closing of the at least first resistor vacuum interrupter, and
determining a total main vacuum interrupter opening time as a time elapsed between the first point in time and the second point in time, a total resistor vacuum interrupter opening time as a time elapsed between the third point in time and the fourth point in time, a circulating current time as a time elapsed between the second point in time and the third point in time, and/or a switch time as a sum of the total main vacuum interrupter opening time, the total resistor vacuum interrupter opening time and the circulating current time.
2 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the processing of the output signal of the sensor comprises application of a step function to the output signal to generate a filtered signal.
3 . The method according to claim 2 , wherein the application of the step function to the output signal is a convolution of the output signal with the step function to generate the filtered signal.
4 . The method according to claim 3 , wherein the determining the first point in time, the second point in time, the third point in time and the fourth point in time comprises derivation of the filtered signal.
5 . The method according to claim 1 , further comprising generating an alert if any one of the total main vacuum interrupter opening time, the total resistor vacuum interrupter opening time, the circulating current time and/or the switch time differs from a respective reference time by more than a respective first threshold value.
6 . The method according to claim 1 , further comprising shutting off a transformer electrically connected to the tap changer if any one of the total main vacuum interrupter opening time, the total resistor vacuum interrupter opening time, the circulating current time and/or the switch time differs from a respective reference time by more than a respective second threshold value, which the respective second threshold value is greater than a respective first threshold value.
7 . A processing unit for processing the output signal of the method according to claim 1 .
8 . A monitoring system for a vacuum on-load tap changer comprising a housing filled with insulating fluid, a diverter switch arranged inside of the housing and comprising at least one movable contact and at least two vacuum interrupters comprising a main vacuum interrupter and a resistor vacuum interrupter for interrupting a current through the at least one movable contact, at least one pressure sensor and a processing unit, which pressure sensor is configured for measuring pressure in the housing and for transmitting an output signal to the processing unit, the monitoring system further being configured to carry out steps of claim 1 .
9 . A transformer arrangement comprising a transformer, the vacuum on-load tap changer and the monitoring system according to claim 8 .
10 . A computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer readable medium including program code for performing the method of claim 1 when said program code is run on a processing unit for processing the output signal of claim 1 , the processing unit comprised in a monitoring system for a vacuum on-load tap changer comprising a housing filled with insulating fluid, a diverter switch arranged inside of the housing and comprising at least one movable contact and at least two vacuum interrupters comprising a main vacuum interrupter and a resistor vacuum interrupter for interrupting a current through the at least one movable contact, at least one pressure sensor and the processing unit, which pressure sensor is configured for measuring the pressure in the housing and for transmitting the output signal to the processing unit, the monitoring system further being configured to carry out steps of claim 1 .
11 . A non-transitory computer readable medium storing a computer program comprising program code for performing the method of claim 1 when said program code is run on a processing unit for processing the output signal of claim 1 , the processing unit comprised in a monitoring system for a vacuum on-load tap changer comprising a housing filled with insulating fluid, a diverter switch arranged inside of the housing and comprising at least one movable contact and at least two vacuum interrupters comprising a main vacuum interrupter and a resistor vacuum interrupter for interrupting a current through the at least one movable contact, at least one pressure sensor and the processing unit, which pressure sensor is configured for measuring pressure in the housing and for transmitting an output signal to the processing unit, the monitoring system further being configured to carry out steps of claim 1 .