System and method for efficiently generating electromagnetic waves with reduced velocities
A system for efficiently generating or originating a tailored electromagnetic (EM) wave having a lower velocity than the speed of electromagnetic waves in free space includes a coaxial waveguide which extends linearly and a sinewave current generator. The coaxial waveguide includes a tubular outer body and a tailored emitting antenna disposed coaxially within the tubular outer body. The tubular outer body is formed of a first conductive material and defines a space therein which may be maintained as vacuum. The tailored emitting antenna is constructed physically and electrically by at least three phase-shifted sub-antennas connected in series, each of the sub-antennas being formed of a second conductive material which is less conductive than the first conductive material. The sinewave current generator generates multiple phase-shifted sinewave currents which are respectively input to the sub-antennas.
1 . A system for efficiently generating or originating a tailored electromagnetic (EM) wave having a lower velocity than the speed of electromagnetic waves in free space, comprising:
a coaxial waveguide which extends linearly; and
a sinewave current generator, wherein
the coaxial waveguide includes a tubular outer body and a tailored emitting antenna disposed coaxially within the tubular outer body,
the tubular outer body is formed of a first conductive material and defines a space,
the tailored emitting antenna is constructed physically and electrically by at least three phase-shifted sub-antennas connected in series, each of the sub-antennas being formed of a second conductive material which is less conductive than the first conductive material, and
the sinewave current generator generates multiple phase-shifted sinewave currents which are respectively input to the sub-antennas.
2 . The system according to claim 1 , wherein the coaxial waveguide and the sinewave current generator are configured such that when the sub-antennas receive the sinewave currents in phase-shifted sequences from the sinewave current generator, the tailored emitting antenna originates and forms the tailored EM wave having the lower velocity than the speed of electromagnetic waves in free space.
3 . The system according to claim 2 , wherein the tailored EM wave having the lower velocity than the speed of electromagnetic waves in free space propagates along the tailored emitting antenna.
4 . The system according to claim 2 , wherein the tailored EM wave having the lower velocity than the speed of electromagnetic waves in free space has an effective wavelength that is equal to the physical distance between two of the sub-antennas having a same phase-shift of the phase-shifted sinewave currents.
5 . The system according to claim 4 , wherein a longitudinal length of the coaxial waveguide is at least as long as the effective wavelength of the tailored EM wave.
6 . The system according to claim 1 , further comprising an end load which is connected to the tailored emitting antenna.
7 . The system according to claim 1 , wherein the multiple phase-shifted sinewave currents have a same amplitude and same interval between adjacent sinewave currents at a selected single frequency.
8 . The system according to claim 1 , wherein the phase-shifted sub-antennas are identical to each other.
9 . The system according to claim 1 , wherein the sinewave current generator inputs the multiple phase-shifted sinewave currents to the sub-antennas through a side wall of the tubular outer body of the coaxial waveguide.
10 . The system according to claim 1 , wherein the tailored emitting antenna is hollow and the sinewave current generator inputs the multiple phase-shifted sinewave currents to the sub-antennas through a hollow space of the tailored emitting antenna.
11 . The system according to claim 1 , wherein the waveguide defines a space which is maintained in vacuum.
12 . The system according to claim 1 , wherein the waveguide defines a space which is not vacuum.
13 . The system according to claim 1 , wherein the tubular outer body of the coaxial waveguide has a round cross-sectional shape.
14 . The system according to claim 1 , wherein the tubular outer body of the coaxial waveguide has a square cross-sectional shape.
15 . The system according to claim 1 , wherein the tubular outer body of the coaxial waveguide has a rectangular cross-sectional shape.
16 . The system according to claim 1 , wherein the sinewave current generator generates multiple sinewave currents with same frequency and amplitude, but different phase-shift.
17 . The system according to claim 1 , wherein a frequency of the tailored EM wave is determined by the sinewave current generator, and a wavelength of the tailored EM wave is determined by the tailored emitting antenna.
18 . A system for efficiently generating or originating a tailored electromagnetic (EM) wave having a lower velocity than the speed of electromagnetic waves in free space, comprising:
a coaxial waveguide which extends linearly; and
a sinewave current generator, wherein
the coaxial waveguide includes a tubular outer body formed of a second conductive material and defines a space, and an internal conductor disposed coaxially within the space of the tubular outer body and is formed of a first conductive material which is more conductive than the second conductive material,
the tubular outer body functions as a tailored emitting antenna and is constructed physically and electrically by at least three phase-shifted sub-antennas connected in series, and
the sinewave current generator generates multiple phase-shifted sinewave currents which are respectively input to the sub-antennas.
19 . A system for efficiently generating or originating a tailored electromagnetic (EM) wave having a lower velocity than the speed of electromagnetic waves in free space, comprising:
a coaxial waveguide which extends linearly;
a tailored emitting antenna which is constructed physically and electrically by at least three phase-shifted sub-antennas connected in series; and
a sinewave current generator which generates multiple phase-shifted sinewave currents which are respectively input to the sub-antennas, wherein
each of the sub-antennas produces a section of the tailored EM wave inside the waveguide.