Antenna device for beamforming and wireless communication method using the same
An antenna device includes an antenna array including a plurality of first antenna elements, arranged in a 2-by-2 array, a plurality of second antenna elements arranged in a 2-by-2 array, a first switching circuit, a second switching circuit connected to the first switching circuit and the first antenna elements, a third switching circuit connected to the first switching circuit and the second antenna elements, and a processor connected to the switching circuits. The processor is configured to control at least one of the switching circuits to operate in a single mode, among the plurality of modes, based on a single beam pattern among a plurality of predetermined beam patterns and to feed power to the antenna array through the first switching circuit, the second switching circuit, and the third switching circuit, to transmit a signal having the beam pattern.
1 . An antenna device comprising:
an antenna array comprising a plurality of first antenna elements arranged in a 2-by-2 array, and a plurality of second antenna elements arranged in a 2-by-2 array;
a first switching circuit;
a second switching circuit connected to the first switching circuit and the first antenna elements;
a third switching circuit connected to the first switching circuit and the second antenna elements; and
a processor connected to the first switching circuit, the second switching circuit, and the third switching circuit,
wherein the processor is configured to:
control at least one of the first switching circuit, the second switching circuit, and the third switching circuit to operate in a single mode, among a plurality of modes, based on a single beam pattern among a plurality of predetermined beam patterns; and
feed power to the antenna array through the first switching circuit, the second switching circuit, and the third switching circuit, to transmit a signal having the beam pattern.
2 . The antenna device of claim 1 , further comprising:
a plurality of phase shifters disposed between the second switching circuit and the first antenna elements and between the third switching circuit and the second antenna elements,
wherein the processor is configured to control at least one of the plurality of phase shifters based on the beam pattern among the plurality of beam patterns.
3 . The antenna device of claim 2 , wherein the plurality of modes comprise a switch mode, in which an input terminal is connected to a single output terminal among a plurality of output terminals, and a divider mode in which the input terminal is connected to the plurality of output terminals.
4 . The antenna device of claim 3 , wherein
the first switching circuit comprises a first reconfigurable switch, and
the processor controls the first reconfigurable switch to operate in a single mode among the plurality of modes, such that the first antenna elements and the second antenna elements transmit signals having a first phase difference, and activates at least one of the plurality of phase shifters.
5 . The antenna device of claim 4 , wherein
the first switching circuit further comprises a first coupler connected to the first reconfigurable switch,
the first switching circuit outputs signals having a phase difference of 90 degrees through the first coupler when the first reconfigurable switch operates in the switch mode, and
the first switching circuit outputs signals having a phase difference of 180 degrees through the first coupler when the first reconfigurable switch operates in the divider mode.
6 . The antenna device of claim 4 , wherein
the second switching circuit comprises a second reconfigurable switch, and
the processor controls the second reconfigurable switch to operate in a single mode among the plurality of modes, such that antenna elements disposed in a second direction intersecting the first direction among the first antenna elements, transmit signals having a second phase difference, and activates at least one of the plurality of phase shifters.
7 . The antenna device of claim 6 , wherein
the third switching circuit comprises a third reconfigurable switch, and
the processor operates the third reconfigurable switch in a single mode among the plurality of modes, such that antenna elements disposed in the second direction, among the second antenna elements, transmit a signal having the second phase difference.
8 . The antenna device of claim 6 , wherein
the second reconfigurable switch further comprises a first sub-switch connected to the first switching circuit, and a second sub-switch and a third sub-switch, and
the process is configured to:
connect the first switching circuit to one of the second sub-switch and the third sub-switch through the first sub-switch; and
control the second sub-switch or the third sub-switch to operate in a single mode, among the plurality of modes, such that a signal output from the first switching circuit has the first phase difference and the second phase difference and is transmitted to the first antenna elements.
9 . The antenna device of claim 2 , further comprising:
a memory configured to store a lookup table comprising states of the first switching circuit, the second switching circuit, the third switching circuit, and the plurality of phase shifters, respectively corresponding to the plurality of beam patterns, and
wherein the processor controls at least one of the first switching circuit, the second switching circuit, the third switching circuit, and the plurality of phase shifters such that the antenna array transmits a signal having a single beam pattern, among the plurality of beam patterns, based on the lookup table stored in the memory.
10 . The antenna device of claim 1 , wherein
the second switching circuit is disposed in a position corresponding to a center of the first antenna elements, and
the third switching circuit is disposed in a position corresponding to a center of the second antenna elements.
11 . An electronic device comprising an antenna device, the electronic device comprising:
a printed circuit board;
an antenna array disposed on a first surface of the printed circuit board;
a first switching circuit, a second switching circuit, and a third switching circuit disposed on a second surface of the printed circuit board that opposes the first surface; and
a processor configured to control the first switching circuit, the second switching circuit, and the third switching circuit such that the antenna array transmits a signal having a single beam pattern, among a plurality of predetermined beam patterns,
wherein
the antenna array comprises a plurality of first antenna elements, disposed in a 2-by-2 array, and a plurality of second antenna elements disposed in a 2-by-2 array,
the first switching circuit is connected to the second switching circuit and the third switching circuit through a first reconfigurable switch,
the second switching circuit is connected to the first antenna elements through a central point of the first antenna elements on the first surface, and
the third switching circuit is connected to the second antenna elements through a central point of the second antenna elements on the first surface.
12 . The electronic device of claim 11 , further comprising:
a first conductive via connecting the first antenna elements and the second switching circuit to each other through an inside of the printed circuit board; and
a second conductive via connecting the second antenna elements and the third switching circuit to each other through an inside of the printed circuit board.
13 . The electronic device of claim 12 , wherein
the second switching circuit is disposed in a position, corresponding to a central point of the first antenna elements, on the second surface, and
the third switching circuit is disposed on a position, corresponding to a central point of the second antenna elements, on the second surface.
14 . The electronic device of claim 11 , further comprising:
a plurality of phase shifters disposed between the second switching circuit and the first antenna elements and between the third switching circuit and the second antenna elements,
wherein the processor controls the first switching circuit and at least one of the plurality of phase shifters such that antenna elements disposed in a first direction, among the first antenna elements and the second antenna elements, transmit signals having a first phase difference.
15 . The electronic device of claim 14 , wherein the processor controls the second switching circuit and the third switching circuit such that antenna elements disposed in a second direction intersecting the first direction, among the first antenna elements and the second antenna elements, transmit signals having a second phase difference.
16 . A wireless communication method comprising:
selecting a single beam pattern, among a plurality of predetermined beam patterns;
operating a first switching circuit in a single mode, among a plurality of modes, based on the selected beam pattern;
operating a second switching circuit and a third switching circuit connected to the first switching circuit in a single mode, among the plurality of modes, based on the selected beam pattern; and
feeding power to an antenna array through the first switching circuit, the second switching circuit, and the third switching circuit, to transmit a signal having the selected beam pattern,
wherein the plurality of modes comprise a switch mode, in which an input terminal is connected to a single output terminal among a plurality of output terminals, and a divider mode in which the input terminal is connected to the plurality of output terminals, and
each of the first switching circuit, the second switching circuit, and the third switching circuit outputs a combination of three or more different types of signals through the plurality of modes.
17 . The wireless communication method of claim 16 , further comprising:
operating at least one of a plurality of phase shifters, disposed between the second switching circuit and the antenna array and between the third switching circuit and the antenna array, based on the selected beam pattern.
18 . The wireless communication method of claim 16 , wherein
the second switching circuit comprises a first sub-switch, a second sub-switch, and a third sub-switch,
the wireless communication method further comprising:
connecting the first switching circuit to the second sub-switch or the third sub-switch through the first sub-switch based on the selected beam pattern; and
operating one of the second sub-switch and the third sub-switch, connected to the first switching circuit, in a single mode among the plurality of modes, based on the selected beam pattern.
19 . The wireless communication method of claim 16 , comprising:
transmitting a signal having a phase difference of 180 degrees to each of the second switching circuit and the third switching circuit when the first switching circuit operates in the divider mode.
20 . The wireless communication method of claim 16 , wherein
signals, transmitted through antenna elements disposed in a first direction, among antenna elements included in the antenna array, have a first phase difference, and
signals, transmitted through antenna elements disposed in a second direction intersecting the first direction, among the antenna elements, have a second phase.