Multiplexed protein assay for the detection of mitochondrial protein signatures
Provided herein are methods, kits, and assays for identifying and quantifying a mitochondrial protein in a sample using mass spectrometry. Also provided herein are methods, kits, and assays for determining a mitochondrial protein biomarker signature for a subject using mass spectrometry.
1 . A kit for identifying and quantifying at least 26 human mitochondrial proteins in a sample by mass spectrometry, comprising:
(a) reagents and instructions for tryptic digestion of the at least 26 human mitochondrial proteins, wherein the at least 26 human mitochondrial proteins comprise Mitochondrial import inner membrane translocase subunit TIM44 (UniProt Accession No. O43615), NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 2 (UniProt Accession No. O75306), Citrate synthase (UniProt Accession No. O75390), ATP synthase subunit d (UniProt Accession No. 075947), Mitochondrial import receptor subunit TOM70 (UniProt Accession No. 094826), Mitofusin-2 (UniProt Accession No. 095140), NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 8 (UniProt Accession No. 095169), Cytochrome b (UniProt Accession No. P00156), Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 (UniProt Accession No. P00403), ATP synthase protein 8 (UniProt Accession No. P03928), Superoxide dismutase [Mn] (UniProt Accession No. P04179), Fumarate hydratase (UniProt Accession No. P07954), ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase (UniProt Accession No. P08237), Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit alpha somatic form (UniProt Accession No. P08559), Pyruvate carboxylase (UniProt Accession No. P11498), Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 1 (UniProt Accession No. P13073), Transmembrane protein 11 (UniProt Accession No. P17152), Hexokinase-1 (UniProt Accession No. P19367), Succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit (UniProt Accession No. P21912), Cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 2 (UniProt Accession No. P22695), Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 2 (UniProt Accession No. P23786), ATP synthase subunit alpha (UniProt Accession No. P25705), Cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 1 (UniProt Accession No. P31930), Succinate dehydrogenase cytochrome b560 subunit (UniProt Accession No. Q99643), Aconitate hydratase (UniProt Accession No. Q99798), and Cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 9 (UniProt Accession No. Q9UDW1); and wherein the tryptic digestion of the at least 26 human mitochondrial proteins provides at least 41 target peptides, the at least 41 target peptides having amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 3, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 19, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 28, 30, 31, 33, 34, 36, 37, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 47, 48, 49, 51, 53, 54, 57, 58, 72, 74, 75, 76, and 77;
(b) an internal standard provided in vials and to be added to the sample, wherein the internal standard comprises at least 41 reference peptides, the at least 41 reference peptides having amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 3, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 19, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 28, 30, 31, 33, 34, 36, 37, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 47, 48, 49, 51, 53, 54, 57, 58, 72, 74, 75, 76, and 77, and wherein each reference peptide is labeled with a stable isotope, present in the internal standard in a known quantity, and has a known mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) and retention time (rt) for comparison to a mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) and retention time (rt) of a corresponding one of the at least 41 target peptides;
(c) reagents and instructions for preparing and processing the sample; and
(d) reagents and instructions for using the kit to identify and quantify the at least 26 human mitochondrial proteins in the sample by mass spectrometry.
2 . The kit of claim 1 , wherein the reagents for tryptic digestion of the at least 26 human mitochondrial proteins comprise a reducing agent, an alkylating agent, trypsin, a buffer, and an acid.
3 . The kit of claim 1 , wherein the reagents for preparing and processing the sample comprise acetonitrile, and 0.1% formic acid in water.
4 . The kit of claim 1 , wherein the kit further comprises C18 clean up tips and/or plates.
5 . The kit of claim 1 , wherein each stable isotope labeled reference peptide provided in the vials is lyophilized.
6 . A method for identifying and quantifying at least 26 human mitochondrial proteins in a sample by mass spectrometry using the kit of claim 1 , comprising:
i) obtaining the sample, wherein the sample has been treated with reagents for tryptic digestion provided in the kit and digesting the at least 26 human mitochondrial proteins into at least 41 target peptides having the amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 3, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 19, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 28, 30, 31, 33, 34, 36, 37, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 47, 48, 49, 51, 53, 54, 57, 58, 72, 74, 75, 76, and 77, and wherein the at least 26 human mitochondrial proteins comprise Mitochondrial import inner membrane translocase subunit TIM44 (UniProt Accession No. 043615), NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 2 (UniProt Accession No. 075306), Citrate synthase (UniProt Accession No. 075390), ATP synthase subunit d (UniProt Accession No. 075947), Mitochondrial import receptor subunit TOM70 (UniProt Accession No. 094826), Mitofusin-2 (UniProt Accession No. 095140), NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 8 (UniProt Accession No. 095169), Cytochrome b (UniProt Accession No. P00156), Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 (UniProt Accession No. P00403), ATP synthase protein 8 (UniProt Accession No. P03928), Superoxide dismutase [Mn] (UniProt Accession No. P04179), Fumarate hydratase (UniProt Accession No. P07954), ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase (UniProt Accession No. P08237), Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit alpha somatic form (UniProt Accession No. P08559), Pyruvate carboxylase (UniProt Accession No. P11498), Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 1 (UniProt Accession No. P13073), Transmembrane protein 11 (UniProt Accession No. P17152), Hexokinase-1 (UniProt Accession No. P19367), Succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit (UniProt Accession No. P21912), Cytochrome b-cl complex subunit 2 (UniProt Accession No. P22695), Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 2 (UniProt Accession No. P23786), ATP synthase subunit alpha (UniProt Accession No. P25705), Cytochrome b-cl complex subunit 1 (UniProt Accession No. P31930), Succinate dehydrogenase cytochrome b560 subunit (UniProt Accession No. Q99643), Aconitate hydratase (UniProt Accession No. Q99798), and Cytochrome b-cl complex subunit 9 (UniProt Accession No. Q9UDW1);
ii) adding the internal standard of the kit to the sample;
iii) analyzing the sample from step ii) by mass spectrometry;
iv) performing the following steps for each of the at least 41 target peptides:
identifying a target peptide by comparing the mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) and retention time (rt) of the target peptide to the known mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) and retention time (rt) of a reference peptide of the kit;
identifying a human mitochondrial protein in the sample by correlating the target peptide to the human mitochondrial protein;
calculating a peak area and an area ratio for the target peptide and for the reference peptide;
determining a molar ratio for the target peptide from the known quantity of the reference peptide;
calculating a concentration of the target peptide from the molar ratio; and
quantifying the human mitochondrial protein in the sample from the concentration of the target peptide.
7 . The method of claim 6 , wherein the mass spectrometry is selected from the group consisting of LC-MS, LC-MS/MS, LC-SRM-MS, LC-MRM-MS, and LC-PRM-MS.
8 . The method of claim 6 , wherein the sample is from a human subject, and the sample is selected from the group consisting of cells, tissue, and combinations thereof.
9 . The method of claim 8 , wherein
the cells are selected from the group consisting of cells of primary origins, cells of immortalized origins, and combinations thereof, or
the cells are selected from the group consisting of muscle cells, neural cells, epithelial cells, secretory cells, fibroblast cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, differentiated/induced pluripotent stem cell derived cells, leukocyte cells, and combinations thereof, or
the cells are selected from the group consisting of monocyte cells, macrophage cells, neutrophil cells, and combinations thereof.
10 . The method of claim 6 , wherein the stable isotope that labels each reference peptide is selected from the group consisting of 15 N, 13 C, 18 O, and 2 H.
11 . A method of determining a mitochondrial protein biomarker signature for a human subject using the kit of claim 1 , the method comprising:
i) obtaining a sample from the human subject, wherein the sample comprises at least 26 human mitochondrial proteins, wherein the at least 26 human mitochondrial proteins comprise Mitochondrial import inner membrane translocase subunit TIM44 (UniProt Accession No. O43615), NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 2 (UniProt Accession No. O75306), Citrate synthase (UniProt Accession No. 075390), ATP synthase subunit d (UniProt Accession No. 075947), Mitochondrial import receptor subunit TOM70 (UniProt Accession No. 094826), Mitofusin-2 (UniProt Accession No. 095140), NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 8 (UniProt Accession No. 095169), Cytochrome b (UniProt Accession No. P00156), Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 (UniProt Accession No. P00403), ATP synthase protein 8 (UniProt Accession No. P03928), Superoxide dismutase [Mn] (UniProt Accession No. P04179), Fumarate hydratase (UniProt Accession No. P07954), ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase (UniProt Accession No. P08237), Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit alpha somatic form (UniProt Accession No. P08559), Pyruvate carboxylase (UniProt Accession No. P11498), Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 1 (UniProt Accession No. P13073), Transmembrane protein 11 (UniProt Accession No. P17152), Hexokinase-1 (UniProt Accession No. P19367), Succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit (UniProt Accession No. P21912), Cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 2 (UniProt Accession No. P22695), Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 2 (UniProt Accession No. P23786), ATP synthase subunit alpha (UniProt Accession No. P25705), Cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 1 (UniProt Accession No. P31930), Succinate dehydrogenase cytochrome b560 subunit (UniProt Accession No. Q99643), Aconitate hydratase (UniProt Accession No. Q99798), and Cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 9 (UniProt Accession No. Q9UDW1);
ii) contacting the sample with reagents for tryptic digestion provided in the kit and digesting the at least 26 human mitochondrial proteins into at least 41 target peptides having the amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 3, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 19, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 28, 30, 31, 33, 34, 36, 37, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 47, 48, 49, 51, 53, 54, 57, 58, 72, 74, 75, 76, and 77;
iii) adding the internal standard of the kit to the sample;
iv) analyzing the sample from step iii) by mass spectrometry;
v) identifying each target peptide of the at least 41 target peptides by comparing the mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) and retention time (rt) of each target peptide to the known mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) and retention time (rt) of a reference peptide of the kit; and
vi) determining the human mitochondrial protein biomarker signature for the human subject by correlating each target peptide to a human mitochondrial protein.
12 . The method of claim 11 , further comprising comparing the human mitochondrial protein biomarker signature from the human subject to a human mitochondrial protein biomarker signature from a reference sample, wherein a change in the human mitochondrial protein biomarker signature from the human subject compared to the human mitochondrial protein biomarker signature from the reference sample is indicative of a change in mitochondrial function in the human subject.
13 . The method of claim 12 , wherein the mitochondrial function is selected from the group consisting of tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle), oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos), MitoGeneral, MitoDynamics, and combinations thereof.
14 . The method of claim 11 , wherein the mass spectrometry is selected from the group consisting of LC-MS, LC-MS/MS, LC-SRM-MS, LC-MRM-MS, and LC-PRM-MS.
15 . The method of claim 11 , wherein the sample is selected from the group consisting of cells, tissue, and combinations thereof.
16 . The method of claim 15 , wherein
the cells are selected from the group consisting of cells of primary origins, cells of immortalized origins, and combinations thereof, or
the cells are selected from the group consisting of muscle cells, neural cells, epithelial cells, secretory cells, fibroblast cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, differentiated/induced pluripotent stem cell derived cells, leukocyte cells, and combinations thereof, or
the cells are selected from the group consisting of monocyte cells, macrophage cells, neutrophil cells, and combinations thereof.
17 . The method of claim 11 , wherein the stable isotope that labels each reference peptide is selected from the group consisting of 15 N, 13 C, 18 O, and 2 H.
18 . A mass spectrometry multiplex assay for identifying and quantifying at least 26 human mitochondrial proteins in a sample, comprising: i) obtaining the sample, wherein the sample has been treated or contacted with reagents for tryptic digestion provided in the kit of claim 1 and digesting the at least 26 human mitochondrial proteins into at least 41 target peptides, the at least 41 target peptides having amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 3, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 19, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 28, 30, 31, 33, 34, 36, 37, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 47, 48, 49, 51, 53, 54, 57, 58, 72, 74, 75, 76, and 77, and wherein the at least 26 human mitochondrial proteins comprise Mitochondrial import inner membrane translocase subunit TIM44 (UniProt Accession No. 043615), NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 2 (UniProt Accession No. 075306), Citrate synthase (UniProt Accession No. 075390), ATP synthase subunit d (UniProt Accession No. 075947), Mitochondrial import receptor subunit TOM70 (UniProt Accession No. 094826), Mitofusin-2 (UniProt Accession No. 095140), NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 8 (UniProt Accession No. 095169), Cytochrome b (UniProt Accession No. P00156), Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 (UniProt Accession No. P00403), ATP synthase protein 8 (UniProt Accession No. P03928), Superoxide dismutase [Mn] (UniProt Accession No. P04179), Fumarate hydratase (UniProt Accession No. P07954), ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase (UniProt Accession No. P08237), Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit alpha somatic form (UniProt Accession No. P08559), Pyruvate carboxylase (UniProt Accession No. P11498), Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 1 (UniProt Accession No. P13073), Transmembrane protein 11 (UniProt Accession No. P17152), Hexokinase-1 (UniProt Accession No. P19367), Succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit (UniProt Accession No. P21912), Cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 2 (UniProt Accession No. P22695), Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 2 (UniProt Accession No. P23786), ATP synthase subunit alpha (UniProt Accession No. P25705), Cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 1 (UniProt Accession No. P31930), Succinate dehydrogenase cytochrome b560 subunit (UniProt Accession No. Q99643), Aconitate hydratase (UniProt Accession No. Q99798), and Cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 9 (UniProt Accession No. Q9UDW1);
ii) adding the internal standard of the kit to the sample;
iii) analyzing the sample from step ii) by mass spectrometry;
iv) performing the following steps for each of the at least 41 target peptides:
identifying a target peptide by comparing the mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) and retention time (rt) of the target peptide to the known mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) and retention time (rt) of a reference peptide of the kit;
identifying a human mitochondrial protein in the sample by correlating the target peptide to the human mitochondrial protein;
calculating a peak area and an area ratio for the target peptide and for the reference peptide;
determining a molar ratio for the target peptide from the known quantity of the reference peptide;
calculating a concentration of the target peptide from the molar ratio; and
quantifying the human mitochondrial protein in the sample from the concentration of the target peptide.
19 . The mass spectrometry multiplex assay of claim 18 , wherein the mass spectrometry is selected from the group consisting of LC-MS, LC-MS/MS, LC-SRM-MS, LC-MRM-MS, and LC-PRM-MS.
20 . The mass spectrometry multiplex assay of claim 18 , wherein the sample is from a human subject.
21 . The mass spectrometry multiplex assay of claim 18 , wherein the sample is selected from the group consisting of cells, tissue, and combinations thereof.
22 . The mass spectrometry multiplex assay of claim 21 , wherein
the cells are selected from the group consisting of cells of primary origins, cells of immortalized origins, and combinations thereof, or
the cells are selected from the group consisting of muscle cells, neural cells, epithelial cells, secretory cells, fibroblast cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, differentiated/induced pluripotent stem cell derived cells, leukocyte cells, and combinations thereof, or
the cells are selected from the group consisting of monocyte cells, macrophage cells, neutrophil cells, and combinations thereof.
23 . The mass spectrometry multiplex assay of claim 18 , wherein the stable isotope that labels each reference peptide is selected from the group consisting of 13 N, 13 C, 18 O, and 2 H.