Solenoid assembly with included constant-current controller circuit
A constant-current control circuit comprising a switching circuit including a source voltage, and primary and secondary switches is provided. The primary GaNFET switch is connected with a solenoid assembly coil. The secondary switch is connected with the coil which has an inductance. From t 0 to t on , the primary GaNFET switch is closed and the secondary switch is open, the source voltage is applied across the coil, and a counter EMF decays until the voltage across the coil equals the source voltage at t on , thereby allowing current to flow through the coil. From t on to T, the primary GaNFET switch is open and the secondary switch is closed, and a positive EMF equal to the source voltage is applied across the coil until the positive EMF decays to zero at T, such that the current continues to flow through the coil without the source voltage being applied across the coil.
1 . A constant-current control circuit situated on a printed circuit board (PCB) that is integrated with and made a part of an actuator assembly used to drive an associated electromechanical device, said constant-current control circuit comprising:
a switching circuit including:
a source voltage;
a primary switch connected with a coil of said actuator assembly, wherein said primary switch is a gallium nitride field effect transistor (GaNFET) switch; and
a secondary switch connected with said coil, wherein said coil has an inductance,
wherein, from t 0 to t on , said GaNFET primary switch is closed and said secondary switch is open, said source voltage is applied across said coil, and a counter electromotive force (EMF) decays until the voltage across said coil equals said source voltage at t on , thereby allowing a current to flow through said coil, and
wherein, from t on to T, said GaNFET primary switch is open and said secondary switch is closed, and a positive EMF equal to said source voltage of said PCB is applied across said coil until said positive EMF decays to zero at T, such that said current continues to flow through said coil without said source voltage being applied across said coil, wherein said GaNFET primary switch has a width and a length of approximately 1.35 mm and a thickness of approximately 0.625 mm, and said PCB is rendered flexible via integration of said GaNFET primary switch.
2 . The constant-current control circuit according to claim 1 , further comprising:
a pulse-width modulation (PWM) controller configured to cause a periodic current in said coil to become constant by increasing a PWM switching frequency to a threshold frequency having a switching period that is less than a circuit time constant,
wherein a boundary current and a peak current approach the same constant value as said PWM switching frequency increases.
3 . A constant-current control circuit situated on a printed circuit board (PCB) that is integrated with and made a part of an actuator assembly used to drive an associated electromechanical device, said constant-current control circuit comprising:
a switching circuit including:
a source voltage;
a primary switch connected with a coil of said actuator assembly, wherein said primary switch is a gallium nitride field effect transistor (GaNFET) switch; and
a secondary switch connected with said coil, wherein said coil has an inductance,
a pulse-width modulation (PWM) controller configured to cause a periodic current in said coil to become constant by increasing a PWM switching frequency to a threshold frequency having a switching period that is less than a circuit time constant,
wherein a boundary current and a peak current approach the same constant value as said PWM switching frequency increases,
wherein, from t 0 to t on , said GaNFET primary switch is closed and said secondary switch is open, said source voltage is applied across said coil, and a counter electromotive force (EMF) decays until the voltage across said coil equals said source voltage at t on , thereby allowing current to flow through said coil, and
wherein, from t on to T, said GaNFET primary switch is open and said secondary switch is closed, and a positive EMF equal to said source voltage of said PCB is applied across said coil until said positive EMF decays to zero at T, such that said current continues to flow through said coil without said source voltage being applied across said coil,
wherein an average current in said coil is dependent upon a rate at which said GaNFET primary switch and said secondary switch are opened and closed with respect to each other, and wherein the rate is the PWM switching frequency.
4 . The constant-current control circuit according to claim 3 , wherein said PWM controller is configured to adjust a duty ratio of said GaNFET primary switch to maintain said constant current flow.
5 . The constant-current control circuit according to claim 3 , wherein said PWM controller is configured to hold said current flow constant by increasing the rate at which said GaNFET primary switch and said secondary switch are opened and closed with respect to each other, and wherein the rate is the PWM switching frequency.
6 . The constant-current control circuit according to claim 1 , wherein
said actuator assembly comprises a solenoid including a solenoid driver including said coil, and a solenoid bracket for connecting said solenoid assembly to said associated electromechanical device, wherein a cavity of said solenoid bracket is sized to receive said solenoid driver, and
said PCB is generally planar and mounted directly on said solenoid driver, wherein said PCB is secured to said solenoid driver with a fastener or screw.
7 . A constant-current control circuit situated on a printed circuit board (PCB) that is integrated with and made a part of an actuator assembly used to drive an associated electromechanical device, said constant-current control circuit comprising:
a switching circuit including:
a source voltage;
a primary switch connected with a coil of said actuator assembly, wherein said primary switch is a gallium nitride field effect transistor (GaNFET) switch; and
a secondary switch connected with said coil, wherein said coil has an inductance,
wherein, from t 0 to t on , said GaNFET primary switch is closed and said secondary switch is open, said source voltage is applied across said coil, and a counter electromotive force (EMF) decays until the boltage across said coil equals said source voltage at t on , thereby allowing current to flow through said coil, and
wherein, from t on to T, said GaNFET primary switch is open and said secondary switch is closed, and a positive EMF equal to said source voltage of said PCB is applied across said coil until said positive EMF decays to zero at T, such that said current continues to flow through said coil without said source voltage being applied across said coil, wherein
said GaNFET primary switch has a width and a length of approximately 1.35 mm and a thickness of approximately 0.625 mm.
8 . The constant-current control circuit according to claim 7 , wherein
said actuator assembly includes a solenoid driver including said coil, and a mounting bracket for mounting said actuator assembly to said associated electromechanical device, and
said PCB is flexed into an arcuate shape assuming a general contour of a cylindrical outer surface of said solenoid driver.
9 . The constant-current control circuit according to claim 8 , further comprising a protective wrap over said flexed PCB and wherein:
a length (L) and a circumference (C) of said cylindrical outer surface of said solenoid driver are sized to accommodate a width of approximately 17.5 mm and a length of approximately 24.1 mm of said PCB, when flexed, and
said flexed PCB is bonded to said cylindrical outer surface of said solenoid driver.
10 . The constant-current control circuit according to claim 1 , wherein said secondary switch is a free-wheeling diode or a GaNFET switch.
11 . The constant-current control circuit according to claim 1 , wherein said associated electromechanical device is an electromechanical door latch or an electromechanical strike.
12 . The constant-current control circuit according to claim 11 , wherein said control circuit controls power to said electromechanical door latch or said electromechanical strike by adjusting a duty ratio of said GaNFET primary switch.
13 . A constant-current control circuit situated on a printed circuit board (PCB) that is integrated with and made a part of an actuator assembly used to drive an associated electromechanical device, said constant-current control circuit comprising:
a switching circuit including:
a source voltage;
a primary switch connected with a coil of said actuator assembly, wherein said primary switch is a gallium nitride field effect transistor (GaNFET) switch; and
a secondary switch connected with said coil, wherein said coil has an inductance,
wherein, from t 0 to t on , said GaNFET primary switch is closed and said secondary switch is open, said source voltage is applied across said coil, and a counter electromotive force (EMF) decays until the voltage across said coil equals said source voltage at t on , thereby allowing current to flow through said coil,
wherein, from t on to T, said GaNFET primary switch is open and said secondary switch is closed, and a positive EMF equal to said source voltage of said PCB is applied across said coil until said positive EMF decays to zero at T, such that said current continues to flow through said coil without said source voltage being applied across said coil,
wherein said control circuit is configured to maintain said constant current flow by increasing a PWM switching frequency at which said GaNFET primary switch and said secondary switch are opened and closed with respect to each other, and
wherein said associated electromechanical device is an electromechanical door latch or an electromechanical strike, and wherein said control circuit controls power to said electromechanical door latch or said electromechanical strike by adjusting a duty ratio of said GaNFET primary switch.
14 . A constant-current control circuit situated on a printed circuit board (PCB) that is integrated with and made a part of an actuator assembly used to drive an associated electromechanical device, said constant-current control circuit comprising:
a switching circuit including:
a source voltage;
a primary switch connected with a coil of said actuator assembly, wherein said primary switch is a gallium nitride field effect transistor (GaNFET) switch; and
a secondary switch connected with said coil, wherein said coil has an inductance; and
a pulse-width modulation (PWM) controller for generating signals to synchronously alternate on-times and off-times of the GaNFET primary switch and the secondary switch, respectively, and wherein said control circuit controls power to said electromechanical door latch or said electromechanical strike by adjusting a duty ratio of said GaNFET primary switch and said secondary switch,
wherein, from t 0 to t on , said GaNFET primary switch is closed and said secondary switch is open, said source voltage is applied across said coil, and a counter electromotive force (EMF) decays until the voltage across said coil equals said source voltage at t on , thereby allowing current to flow through said coil, and
wherein, from t on to T, said GaNFET primary switch is open and said secondary switch is closed, and a positive EMF equal to said source voltage of said PCB is applied across said coil until said positive EMF decays to zero at T, such that said current continues to flow through said coil without said source voltage being applied across said coil, wherein said associated electromechanical device is an electromechanical door latch or an electromechanical strike.